Download or read book Fundamentals of Polycrystalline Thin Film Materials and Devices written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the results of a one-year research program on polycrystalline thin-film solar cells. The research was conducted to better understand the limitations and potential of solar cells using CuInSe2 and CdTe by systematically investigating the fundamental relationships linking material processing, material properties, and device behavior. By selenizing Cu and In layers, we fabricated device-quality CuInSe2 thin films and demonstrated a CuInSe2 solar cell with 7% efficiency. We added Ga, to increase the band gap of CuInSe2 devices to increase the open-circuit voltage to 0.55 V. We fabricated and analyzed Cu(InGa)Se2/CuInSe2 devices to demonstrate the potential for combining the benefits of higher V{sub oc} while retaining the current-generating capacity of CuInSe2. We fabricated an innovative superstrate device design with more than 5% efficiency, as well as a bifacial spectral-response technique for determining the electron diffusion length and optical absorption coefficient of CuInSe2 in an operational cell. The diffusion length was found to be greater than 1?m. We qualitatively modeled the effect of reducing heat treatments in hydrogen and oxidizing treatments in air on the I-V behavior of CuInSe2 devices. We also investigated post-deposition heat treatments and chemical processing and used them to fabricate a 9.6%-efficient CdTe/CdS solar cell using physical vapor deposition.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Polycrystalline Thin Film Materials and Devices written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Thin Film Physics And Devices Fundamental Mechanism Materials And Applications For Thin Films written by Jianguo Zhu and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-06-18 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin films have an extremely broad range of applications from electronics and optics to new materials and devices. Collaborative and multidisciplinary efforts from physicists, materials scientists, engineers and others have established and advanced a field with key pillars constituting (i) the synthesis and processing of thin films, (ii) the understanding of physical properties in relation to the nanometer scale, (iii) the design and fabrication of nano-devices or devices with thin film materials as building blocks, and (iv) the design and construction of novel tools for characterization of thin films.Against the backdrop of the increasingly interdisciplinary field, this book sets off to inform the basics of thin film physics and thin film devices. Readers are systematically introduced to the synthesis, processing and application of thin films; they will also study the formation of thin films, their structure and defects, and their various properties — mechanical, electrical, semiconducting, magnetic, and superconducting. With a primary focus on inorganic thin film materials, the book also ventures on organic materials such as self-assembled monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett films.This book will be effective as a teaching or reference material in the various disciplines, ranging from Materials Science and Engineering, Electronic Science and Engineering, Electronic Materials and Components, Semiconductor Physics and Devices, to Applied Physics and more. The original Chinese publication has been instrumental in this purpose across many Chinese universities and colleges.

Download or read book Polycrystalline And Amorphous Thin Films And Devices written by Lawrence Kazmerski and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycrystalline and Amorphous Thin Films and Devices is a compilation of papers that discusses the electronic, optical, and physical properties of thin material layers and films. This compilation reviews the different applications of thin films of various materials used as protective and optical coatings, thermal transfer layers, and selective membranes from submicron- area VLSI memory units to large-area energy conservation devices. Some papers discuss the basic properties, such as growth, structure, electrical, and optical mechanisms that are encountered in amorphous and polycrystalline thin semiconductor films. For example, experiments on electronic structure of dislocations have led to a model for the intrinsic properties of grain boundaries in polycrystalline semiconductor thin films that can have an impact on the designs of high-efficiency, thin-film solar cells. Other papers review the problems encountered in these thin layers in active semiconductor devices and passive technologies. Techniques in film growth and control variables of source, substrate temperature, and substrate properties will determine the successful performance of the devices installed with these thin film layers. This compilation can prove valuable for chemists, materials engineers, industrial technologists, and researchers in thin-film technology.

Download or read book Polycrystalline Thin Film Materials and Devices Final Subcontract Report 16 January 1990 15 January 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advanced Characterization of Thin Film Solar Cells written by Mowafak Al-Jassim and published by Institution of Engineering and Technology. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycrystalline thin-film solar cells have reached a levelized cost of energy that is competitive with all other sources of electricity. The technology has significantly improved in recent years, with laboratory cell efficiencies for cadmium telluride (CdTe), perovskites, and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) each exceeding 22 percent. Both CdTe and CIGS solar panels are now produced at the gigawatt scale. However, there are ongoing challenges, including the continued need to improve performance and stability while reducing cost. Advancing polycrystalline solar cell technology demands an in-depth understanding of efficiency, scaling, and degradation mechanisms, which requires sophisticated characterization methods. These methods will enable researchers and manufacturers to improve future solar modules and systems.

Download or read book Polycrystalline Semiconductors V written by J.H. Werner and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 1999-04-23 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Like the previous conferences in this series, POLYSE '98 covered many aspects of polycrystalline semiconductors. Whereas earlier proceedings had included many contributions on basic research, for example on the structural properties of single grain boundaries, later proceedings had included more articles on solar cells and thin-film transistors, seemingly marking a transition to a more technology-oriented conference. However, the contributions to POLYSE '98 show that the POLYSE-series is again bringing together researchers from basic research as well as engineers working on devices. The 84 papers cover topics such as: beam-induced currents, thin-film silicon, silicon crystallization, oxide semiconductor films, chalcogenide and spinel films, chalcopyrite films, thin-film junctions and devices; thus providing an extensive survey of the most recent results in polycrystalline semiconductor research.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Solar Cell Design written by Inamuddin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-08-24 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar cells are semiconductor devices that convert light photons into electricity in photovoltaic energy conversion and can help to overcome the global energy crisis. Solar cells have many applications including remote area power systems, earth-orbiting satellites, wristwatches, water pumping, photodetectors and remote radiotelephones. Solar cell technology is economically feasible for commercial-scale power generation. While commercial solar cells exhibit good performance and stability, still researchers are looking at many ways to improve the performance and cost of solar cells via modulating the fundamental properties of semiconductors. Solar cell technology is the key to a clean energy future. Solar cells directly harvest energy from the sun’s light radiation into electricity are in an ever-growing demand for future global energy production. Solar cell-based energy harvesting has attracted worldwide attention for their notable features, such as cheap renewable technology, scalable, lightweight, flexibility, versatility, no greenhouse gas emission, environment, and economy friendly and operational costs are quite low compared to other forms of power generation. Thus, solar cell technology is at the forefront of renewable energy technologies which are used in telecommunications, power plants, small devices to satellites. Aiming at large-scale implementation can be manipulated by various types used in solar cell design and exploration of new materials towards improving performance and reducing cost. Therefore, in-depth knowledge about solar cell design is fundamental for those who wish to apply this knowledge and understanding in industries and academics. This book provides a comprehensive overview on solar cells and explores the history to evolution and present scenarios of solar cell design, classification, properties, various semiconductor materials, thin films, wafer-scale, transparent solar cells, and so on. It also includes solar cells’ characterization analytical tools, theoretical modeling, practices to enhance conversion efficiencies, applications and patents.

Download or read book Multicomponent and Multilayered Thin Films for Advanced Microtechnologies Techniques Fundamentals and Devices written by O. Auciello and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The synthesis of multicomponent/multilayered superconducting, conducting, semiconducting and insulating thin films has become the subject of an intensive, worldwide, interdisciplinary research effort. The development of deposition-characterization techniques and the science and technology related to the synthesis of these films are critical for the successful evolution of this interdisciplinary field of research and the implementation of the new materials in a whole new generation of advanced microdevices. This book contains the lectures and contributed papers on various scientific and technological aspects of multicomponent and multilayered thin films presented at a NATO/ASI. Compared to other recent books on thin films, the distinctive character of this book is the interdisciplinary treatment of the various fields of research related to the different thin film materials mentioned above. The wide range of topics discussed in this book include vacuum-deposition techniques, synthesis-processing, characterization, and devices of multicomponent/multilayered oxide high temperature superconducting, ferroelectric, electro-optic, optical, metallic, silicide, and compound semiconductor thin films. The book presents an unusual intedisciplinary exchange of ideas between researchers with cross-disciplinary backgrounds and it will be useful to established investigators as well as postdoctoral and graduate students.

Download or read book Thin Films by Chemical Vapour Deposition written by C.E. Morosanu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-22 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The explosive growth in the semiconductor industry has caused a rapid evolution of thin film materials that lend themselves to the fabrication of state-of-the-art semiconductor devices. Early in the 1960s an old research technique named chemical vapour phase deposition (CVD), which has several unique advantages, developed into the most widely used technique for thin film preparation in electronics technology. In the last 25 years, tremendous advances have been made in the science and technology of thin films prepared by means of CVD. This book presents in a single volume, an up-to-date overview of the important field of CVD processes which has never been completely reviewed previously. Contents: Part I. 1. Evolution of CVD Films. Introductory remarks. Short history of CVD thin films. II. Fundamentals. 2. Techniques of Preparing Thin Films. Electrolytic deposition techniques. Vacuum deposition techniques. Plasma deposition techniques. Liquid-phase deposition techniques. Solid-phase deposition techniques. Chemical vapour conversion of substrate. Chemical vapour deposition. Comparison between CVD and other thin film deposition techniques. 3. Chemical Processes Used in CVD. Introduction. Description of chemical reactions used in CVD. 4. Thermodynamics of CVD. Feasibility of a CVD process. Techniques for equilibrium calculations in CVD systems. Examples of thermodynamic studies of CVD systems. 5. Kinetics of CVD. Steps and control type of a CVD heterogeneous reaction. Influence of experimental parameters on thin film deposition rate. Continuous measurement of the deposition rate. Experimental methods for studying CVD kinetics. Role of homogeneous reactions in CVD. Mechanism of CVD processes. Kinetics and mechanism of dopant incorporation. Transport phenomena in CVD. Status of kinetic and mechanism investigations in CVD systems. 6. Measurement of Thin Film Thickness. Mechanical methods. Mechanical-optical methods. Optical methods. Electrical methods. Miscellaneous methods. 7. Nucleation and Growth of CVD Films. Stages in the nucleation and growth mechanism. Regimes of nucleation and growth. Nucleation theory. Dependence of nucleation on deposition parameters. Heterogeneous nucleation and CVD film structural forms. Homogeneous nucleation. Experimental techniques. Experimental results of CVD film nucleation. 8. Thin Film Structure. Techniques for studying thin film structure. Structural defects in CVD thin films. 9. Analysis of CVD Films. Analysis techniques of thin film bulk. Analysis techniques of thin film surfaces. Film composition measurement. Depth concentration profiling. 10. Properties of CVD Films. Mechanical properties. Thermal properties. Optical properties. Photoelectric properties. Electrical properties. Magnetic properties. Chemical properties. Part III. 11. Equipment and Substrates. Equipment for CVD. Safety in CVD. Substrates. 12. Preparation and Properties of Semiconducting Thin Films. Homoepitaxial semiconducting films. Heteroepitaxial semiconducting films. 13. Preparation and Properties of Amorphous Insulating Thin Films. Oxides. Nitrides and Oxynitrides. Polymeric thin films. 14. Preparation and Properties of Conductive Thin Films. Metals and metal alloys. Resistor materials. Transparent conducting films. Miscellaneous materials. 15. Preparation and Properties of Superconducting and Magnetic Thin Films. Superconducting materials. Magnetic materials. 16. Uses of CVD Thin Films. Applications in electronics and microelectronics. Applications in the field of microwaves and optoelectronics. Miscellaneous applications. Artificial heterostructures (Quantum wells, superlattices, monolayers, two-dimensional electron gases). Part V. 17. Present and Future Importance of CVD Films.

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Sputter Deposition Technology written by Kiyotaka Wasa and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2012-11-20 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thoroughly updated new edition includes an entirely new team of contributing authors with backgrounds specializing in the various new applications of sputtering technology. It forms a bridge between fundamental theory and practical application, giving an insight into innovative new materials, devices and systems. Organized into three parts for ease of use, this Handbook introduces the fundamentals of thin films and sputtering deposition, explores the theory and practices of this field, and also covers new technology such as nano-functional materials and MEMS. Wide varieties of functional thin film materials and processing are described, and experimental data is provided with detailed examples and theoretical descriptions. A strong applications focus, covering current and emerging technologies, including nano-materials and MEMS (microelectrolmechanical systems) for energy, environments, communications, and/or bio-medical field. New chapters on computer simulation of sputtering and MEMS completes the update and insures that the new edition includes the most current and forward-looking coverage available All applications discussed are supported by theoretical discussions, offering readers both the "how" and the "why" of each technique 40% revision: the new edition includes an entirely new team of contributing authors with backgrounds specializing in the various new applications that are covered in the book and providing the most up-to-date coverage available anywhere

Download or read book Thin film materials technology written by Kiyotaka Wasa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-09-24 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title contains rich historical coverage of the basics and new experimental and technological information about ceramic thin film and large-area functional coating. Included are principles and examples of making thin-film materials and devices.

Download or read book Thin Film Technology Handbook written by Aicha Elshabini and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 1998 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive source available on the preparation, characterization, and emerging applications of thin film. This book features extensive new advances applied in multichip modules (MCMs), and covers the basic principles and applications of thin film deposition techniques for practical use. It provides and develops design guidelines to realize multilayer structures in microcircuits, thus addressing a critical and rapidly growing area.

Download or read book Thin Film Solar Cells written by Jef Poortmans and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-10-16 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin-film solar cells are either emerging or about to emerge from the research laboratory to become commercially available devices finding practical various applications. Currently no textbook outlining the basic theoretical background, methods of fabrication and applications currently exist. Thus, this book aims to present for the first time an in-depth overview of this topic covering a broad range of thin-film solar cell technologies including both organic and inorganic materials, presented in a systematic fashion, by the scientific leaders in the respective domains. It covers a broad range of related topics, from physical principles to design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of novel photovoltaic devices.

Download or read book Handbook of Thin Films Five Volume Set written by Hari Singh Nalwa and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2001-10-29 with total page 661 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This five-volume handbook focuses on processing techniques, characterization methods, and physical properties of thin films (thin layers of insulating, conducting, or semiconductor material). The editor has composed five separate, thematic volumes on thin films of metals, semimetals, glasses, ceramics, alloys, organics, diamonds, graphites, porous materials, noncrystalline solids, supramolecules, polymers, copolymers, biopolymers, composites, blends, activated carbons, intermetallics, chalcogenides, dyes, pigments, nanostructured materials, biomaterials, inorganic/polymer composites, organoceramics, metallocenes, disordered systems, liquid crystals, quasicrystals, and layered structures. Thin films is a field of the utmost importance in today's materials science, electrical engineering and applied solid state physics; with both research and industrial applications in microelectronics, computer manufacturing, and physical devices. Advanced, high-performance computers, high-definition TV, digital camcorders, sensitive broadband imaging systems, flat-panel displays, robotic systems, and medical electronics and diagnostics are but a few examples of miniaturized device technologies that depend the utilization of thin film materials. The Handbook of Thin Films Materials is a comprehensive reference focusing on processing techniques, characterization methods, and physical properties of these thin film materials.

Download or read book Materials Science of Thin Films written by Milton Ohring and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book that can be considered a textbook on thin film science, complete with exercises at the end of each chapter. Ohring has contributed many highly regarded reference books to the AP list, including Reliability and Failure of Electronic Materials and the Engineering Science of Thin Films. The knowledge base is intended for science and engineering students in advanced undergraduate or first-year graduate level courses on thin films and scientists and engineers who are entering or require an overview of the field. Since 1992, when the book was first published, the field of thin films has expanded tremendously, especially with regard to technological applications. The second edition will bring the book up-to-date with regard to these advances. Most chapters have been greatly updated, and several new chapters have been added.