Download or read book Functional Genomic Characterization of Fruit Quality Traits in Apple Malus X Demostica Borkh written by Claudius Marondedze and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The domesticated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.), belonging to the Malus genus of the Rosaceae family, is one of the edible pomaceous fruits. Since it is one of the important commercial fruit crops worldwide, the quality of the fruit is crucial to breeders and farmers as it ultimately determines acceptance of a cultivar for consumption. Fruit quality is also a critical determinant factor that is used to estimate the potential of apples to have a long shelf life. The introduction of marker-assisted selection (MAS) has allowed hastening of traditional breeding and selection of high-quality apple cultivars. The domesticated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.), belonging to the Malus genus of the Rosaceae family, is one of the edible pomaceous fruits. Since it is one of the important commercial fruit crops worldwide, the quality of the fruit is crucial to breeders and farmers as it ultimately determines acceptance of a cultivar for consumption. Fruit quality is also a critical determinant factor that is used to estimate the potential of apples to have a long shelf life. The introduction of marker-assisted selection (MAS) has allowed hastening of traditional breeding and selection of high-quality apple cultivars. The availability of genetic linkage maps, constructed by positioning molecular markers throughout the apple genome, enables the detection and analysis of major genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributing to the quality traits of a given genotype. herefore, the primary aim of this study was to construct a genetic linkage map of the Golden Delicious x Dietrich population for the identification of QTLs associated with fruit quality traits and then to examine the apple fruit pulp proteome with a specific focus on fruit firmness. In this regard, genomic DNA was extracted from leaves of the Golden Delicious x Dietrich population and used in megaplex PCR reactions. The PCR products were analysed prior to scoring of alleles. Polymorphic markers were then used to construct genetic linkage maps. The genetic linkage maps constructed in this study comprise of 167 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers, 33 of these were newly developed markers...

Download or read book The Apple Genome written by Schuyler S. Korban and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-14 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers information on the economics; botany, taxonomy, and origin; germplasm resources; cytogenetics and nuclear DNA; genetic improvement efforts of scion cultivars; genetic and genomic improvement efforts of rootstocks; genetic and physical mapping; genomic resources; genome and epigenome; regulatory sequences; utility of whole-genome sequencing and gene editing in trait dissection; flowering and juvenility; cold hardiness and dormancy; fruit color development; fruit acidity and sugar content; metabolomics; biology and genomics of the microbiome; apple domestication; as well as other ‘omics’ opportunities and challenges for genetic improvement of the apple. The cultivated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is one of the most important tree fruit crops of temperate regions of the world. It is widely cultivated and grown in North America, Europe, and Asia. The apple fruit is a highly desirable fruit due to its flavor, sugar and acid content, metabolites, aroma, as well as its overall texture and palatability. Furthermore, it is a rich source of important nutrients, including antioxidants, vitamins, and dietary fiber.

Download or read book Fruit Quality Traits in Apple written by Claudius Marondedze and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-04 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The domesticated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) of the Rosaceae family is one of the most important commercial fruit worldwide. The quality of this pomaceous fruit is crucial to breeders and farmers as it ultimately determines its acceptance for consumption and determines shelf life. The introduction of marker-assisted selection has allowed hastening of traditional breeding. This book reports the first identification of QTLs associated with nine fruit quality traits using a linkage map derived from 'Golden Delicious' x 'Dietrich' population. These loci are of great importance for identification of candidate markers and characterization of genes associated with these quality traits that can be further exploited for new cultivar conception. The book also relates the use of proteomics for comprehensive characterisation of the fruit pulp proteome using 2D-PAGE. Through comparative proteomics analysis of high and low firmness fruits, mechanisms linked with fruit firmness were elucidated. The study sheds light on the mechanisms involved with fruit quality by combining proteomic, genomic and phenotypic data and further link crop biotechnology and fruit breeding.

Download or read book GENOME WIDE MAPPING OF FRUIT QUALITY TRAITS IN APPLE written by Beatrice Amyotte and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is an investigation of the genetics of fruit quality in cultivated apple (Malus x domestica). M. x domestica is grown around the world as one of the most popular temperate fruit crop species. Fruit quality is an important trait in apples, and understanding the genetic architecture can accelerate breeding efforts. In recent years, several important quantitative trait loci have been discovered, including genetic regions controlling components of fruit texture, taste and flavour. The objective of this thesis was to identify genetic sources of variation in fruit quality traits with the potential for application in marker assisted apple breeding. This research was necessary to evaluate how previous findings corresponded with variation in genetically distinct apple germplasm, and to determine whether both previously and newly discovered fruit quality loci could be applied to improve the human perception of apple quality. The genetic relationships among 100 diverse apple cultivars were investigated using genotyping by sequencing, and revealed a high level of diversity. Signatures of selection were detected at genomic regions previously found to be associated with fruit quality and adaptation. A genome wide association study of 85 heritage and commercial cultivars detected significant associations with known quantitative trait loci for apple flavour and texture. A novel association for apple texture was detected on chromosome 13. The novel locus could not be validated in two large and diverse apple populations, but remains a strong candidate for use in apple breeding due to its association with the human perception of apple juiciness. The results of this thesis demonstrate the potential for applying marker assisted selection in apple breeding, and for including trained sensory evaluation panels in association studies.

Download or read book Identifying and Characterizing Genes and Transcription Factors Involved in Coloration of Apple Fruit written by Sornkanok Vimolmangkang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Apple (Malus ©7 domestica Borkh.) is one of the most highly cultivated fruit crops grown around the world and apple consumption has been increasing over the years. One of the most important determinants of fruit quality is skin color. Red coloration in apple fruit is attributed to anthocyanin accumulation. Anthocyanins are encoded by structural genes, in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, which are highly regulated by transcription factors. In this thesis, studies were conducted to identify and characterize structural genes and associated transcription factors involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. Three genes encoding apple anthocyanin reductase gene (MdANR) were isolated, designated as MdANR1, MdANR2a, and MdANR2b. It is found that MdANR2a, and MdANR2b are in fact allelic. MdANR1 and MdANR2 were mapped to the apple linkage map on linkage groups (LG) 10 and 5, respectively. The functionality of MdANR gene was investigated following its overexpression in tobacco and found to influence flower color pigmentation and pattern. Overexpression of MdANR influenced other genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway by down-regulating chalcone isomerase (CHI), dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR), and leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) genes. Moreover, the observed loss of flower color in transgenic tobacco lines was attributed to reduction of anthocyanin pigments. This was likely due to down-regulation of tobacco CHI and DFR genes that are important in anthocyanin production. In addition, a new floral pigmented pattern was generated by incomplete inhibition of anthocyanin production. As expected, the epicatechin accumulated at higher levels in transgenic tobacco than in wild-type tobacco. However, higher amounts of catechin but lower levels of LAR, responsible for synthesis of catechin, were found in transgenic lines when compared to wild-type tobacco. Thus, it has been proposed that ANR plays a redundant role to that of LAR. A novel MYB transcription factor (TF) gene, designated as MdMYB11, was isolated and genetically mapped onto LG15 of the apple genetic map. Alignment of deduced amino acid sequences of MdMYB11 to those of other R2R3 MYB TFs revealed that this new apple transcription factor contains the R2R3 conserved domain. Moreover, this TF is highly similar to Arabidopsis MYB subgroup 4, such as AtMYB3, 4, and 6, by which they negatively regulate genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis. Functional analysis of MdMYB11 was conducted via ectopic expression in tobacco. Expression of MdMYB11 increased anthocyanin production in tobacco flowers by inducing several anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway genes, particularly those of CHI, chalcone synthase (CHS), and UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-o-glucosyltransferase (UFGT). In addition, this TF functioned as a repressor of both cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) and 4-coumaroyl:CoA-ligase (4CL) genes, both important in lignin biosynthesis, and possibly contributing to modulation of floral morphogenesis. Moreover, transgenic flowers had longer styles than those of wild-type flowers, suggesting that the MdMYB11 gene might be involved in pistil development. New candidate TF genes regulating apple fruit coloration were identified following global gene expression analysis of the apple transcriptome using an apple microarray. Comparison of gene expression in fruit peel of apple cv. Red Delicious subjected to continuous 0́8dark treatment0́9 versus dark-grown fruit subjected to 0́814 h-light-exposure0́9 identified 815 genes that were modulated. Following annotation (to the Arabidopsis Gene Ontology), these genes were classified into 19 categories, and were mostly involved in primary metabolism (17%) and transcription (12%). Of these, 18 genes encoded for putative TFs. Further identification of color-related TFs was conducted by comparison of expression profiles of fruit of red skinned apple cv. Red Delicious and non-red skinned apple cv. Golden Delicious, and using quantitative real-time (RT)-PCR (qRT-PCR). Two putative TF genes were found to be expressed at higher levels in fruit of 0́8Red Delicious0́9 than that in 0́8Golden Delicious0́9, thus suggesting that these TFs might be involved in fruit coloration. Altogether, these findings have provided novel information and knowledge of the role(s) of genes and transcription factors involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. Moreover, the regulator mechanism of fruit coloration has been further elucidated following transcriptome analysis of the apple genome and functional analysis of selected genes and transcription factors.

Download or read book Exploring Horticulturally Important Traits in Apple Using Genetic Mapping in Populations of Differing Size and Composition written by Kendra McClure and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is a long-lived woody perennial important to international markets. Development of new apple cultivars historically has been protracted and expensive, largely due to its biology. We believe that locating markers linked to traits of interest and marker-assisted selection (MAS) at the seedling stage could accelerate this process. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for traits important to the sustainability and longevity of the Canadian apple industry, such as storage disorders, disease resistance, and fruit quality were conducted in three populations. Two QTL associated with the storage disorder soft scald were detected in the parental background of one F1 cross, but were not replicated across years, or when GWAS were conducted in a different population. Apple scab (Venturia ineaqualis [Cke.] Wint.) is a fungal pathogen that plagues growers in wet, humid climates, such as Nova Scotia. Significant genotype-phenotype GWAS associations were detected across seven different chromosomes for apple scab resistance in a germplasm collection of commercial cultivars. In the same population, GWAS also revealed SNPs associated with fruit quality traits, such as apple fruit skin colour and change in firmness during storage. Finally, a large, diverse germplasm collection and GWAS were used to explore flowering time and fruit quality. Significant marker-trait associations were found for flowering time in two years, but no clear candidate genes were identified. Fruit quality studies revealed several significant genotype-phenotype associations, including harvest date, fruit firmness, and acidity. This research will form the foundation of future studies for the development of markers that will assist with the development of new apple cultivars well-suited for Canadian and international markets.

Download or read book Biotechnology of Fruit and Nut Crops 2nd Edition written by Richard E. Litz and published by CABI. This book was released on 2020-01-29 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the biotechnology of all the major fruit and nut species. Since the very successful first edition of this book in 2004, there has been rapid progress for many fruit and nut species in cell culture, genomics and genetic transformation, especially for citrus and papaya. This book covers both these cutting-edge technologies and regeneration pathways, protoplast culture, in vitro mutagenesis, ploidy manipulation techniques that have been applied to a wider range of species. Three crop species, Diospyros kaki (persimmon), Punica granatum (pomegranate) and Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) are included for the first time. The chapters are organized by plant family to make it easier to make comparisons and exploitation of work with related species. Each chapter discusses the plant family and the related wild species for 38 crop species, and has colour illustrations. It is essential for scientists and post graduate students who are engaged in the improvement of fruit, nut and plantation crops.

Download or read book Allele Mining for Genomic Designing of Fruit Crops written by Chittaranjan Kole and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-03-29 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deliberates on the concept, strategies, tools, and techniques of allele mining in fruit crops and its application potential in genome elucidation and improvement including studying allele evolution, discovery of superior alleles, discerning new haplotypes, assessment of intra- and interspecific similarity, and also studies of gene expression and gene prediction. Available gene pools in global germplasm collections specifically consisting of wild allied species and local landraces for almost all major crops have facilitated allele mining. Advanced genomic techniques have been developed including PCR-based allele priming and Eco-TILLING-based allele mining that are being widely used now for mining superior alleles. Allele discovery has become more relevant now for employing molecular breeding to develop designed crop varieties matching with consumer needs and also with genome plasticity to adapt the climate change scenarios. All these concepts and strategies along with precise success stories are presented over the chapters dedicated to the major fruit crops. The features of this book are as follows: The first book on the novel strategy of allele mining in fruit crops for precise breeding Presents genomic strategies of mining superior alleles underlying agronomic traits from genomic resources Depicts case studies of PCR-based allele priming and Eco-TILLING-based allele mining Elaborates on gene discovery and gene prediction in major fruit crops This book will be useful to students and faculties in various plant science disciplines including genetics, genomics, molecular breeding, agronomy, and bioinformatics; scientists in seed industries; and also policy makers and funding agencies interested in crop improvement.

Download or read book Fruit and Nut Crops written by P. E. Rajasekharan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetics Genomics and Breeding of Stone Fruits written by Chittaranjan Kole and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-08-17 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stone fruits-including peaches, apricots, almonds, plums, and cherries-have been bred and grown for thousands of years and today are significant agricultural crops in many local economies worldwide. This volume presents a comprehensive commentary on classical genetics and breeding, molecular mapping and breeding of agronomic traits, and the clo

Download or read book The Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of Pale Green Lethal Disorder in Apple Malus written by Benjamin Bryant Orcheski and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this dissertation is to determine the genetic and biochemical basis of pale green lethal (PGL) disorder. PGL is a recessive genetic disorder of apple (Malus) characterized by severe chlorophyll deficiency. PGL seedlings cannot photosynthesize and die soon after germination. It is an impediment to apple breeding, representing a significant loss of resources. The goals of this research were to determine: the gene causing PGL, how the gene is mutated and its putative function. A genome-wide transcriptomics study was also performed to determine what other genes, and the processes they control may be affected by PGL. The PGL locus was mapped to the top of Linkage Group 16 in apple (Malus xdomestica Borkh.). This area of the apple genome contains genes controlling important traits (fruit acidity, bitter pit resistance, and fruit phenolics). Within the PGL locus, a mutation in a gene called MdPHYLLO that is required for biosynthesis of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) was determined to cause PGL. Phylloquinone is a molecule required for photosynthesis. PGL seedlings are homozygous for an allele of MdPHYLLO containing a mutation that abolishes its function. Therefore, PGL seedlings cannot make phylloquinone and cannot photosynthesize. However, PGL seedlings can be rescued by exogenous application of phylloquinone. This mutated allele is homozygous in all PGL seedlings in the mapping population and heterozygous in all PGL carrier varieties tested. A molecular marker was developed from the MdPHYLLO mutation to identify carriers with absolute accuracy. For the transcriptomics study, RNA-sequencing was used to measure transcript accumulation between wild-type and PGL cotyledons. Transcripts from many genes involved in diverse functions, especially relating to stress response displayed differential transcript accumulation. The findings provide insight into the ability (or inability) of seedlings to manage the detrimental effects of PGL. The research presented herein conclusively demonstrates that a mutation in the MdPHYLLO gene is the genetic basis of PGL and that the failure of these seedlings to produce phylloquinone causes the lethal phenotype. The disorder also produces large changes in transcript accumulation, which likely has profound physiological and metabolic consequences for PGL seedlings relating to stress response.

Download or read book Genomic Designing for Abiotic Stress Resistant Fruit Crops written by Chittaranjan Kole and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-20 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents deliberations on molecular and genomic mechanisms underlying the interactions of crop plants to the abiotic stresses caused by heat, cold, drought, flooding, submergence, salinity, acidity, etc., important to develop resistant crop varieties. Knowledge on the advanced genetic and genomic crop improvement strategies including molecular breeding, transgenics, genomic-assisted breeding, and the recently emerging genome editing for developing resistant varieties in fruit crops is imperative for addressing FHNEE (food, health, nutrition, energy, and environment) security. Whole genome sequencing in many of these crops followed by genotyping-by-sequencing has provided precise information regarding the genes conferring resistance useful for gene discovery, allele mining, and shuttle breeding which in turn opened up the scope for 'designing' crop genomes with resistance to abiotic stresses. The seven chapters each dedicated to a fruit crop and a fruit crop group in this volume elucidate different types of abiotic stresses and their effects on and interaction with the crops; enumerate the available genetic diversity with regard to abiotic stress resistance among available cultivars; illuminate the potential gene pools for utilization in interspecific gene transfer; present brief on classical genetics of stress resistance and traditional breeding for transferring them to their cultivated counterparts; depict the success stories of genetic engineering for developing abiotic stress-resistant crop varieties; discuss on molecular mapping of genes and QTLs underlying stress resistance and their marker-assisted introgression into elite varieties; enunciate different genomics-aided techniques including genomic selection, allele mining, gene discovery, and gene pyramiding for developing adaptive crop varieties with higher quantity and quality of yields, and also elaborate some case studies on genome editing focusing on specific genes for generating abiotic stress-resistant crops.

Download or read book Natural Products written by Kishan Gopal Ramawat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-06-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference work provides a wealth of information regarding medicinal plants and phytochemicals. It is addressed both to researchers and teachers. The handbook describes phytochemicals, which, by the strictest definition, are chemicals that are produced by plants. During the last decades, more and more groups became actively involved in exploring plants for useful metabolites that lead to the identification of several useful curative agents and many promising molecules to fight and/or prevent diseases, including carcinogenesis and stroke. But when we talk about phytochemicals, there are also medicinal plants where not a single molecule is responsible for the observed properties. This reference work therefore reviews and compiles the information on both these aspects. The volumes contain contributions on phytochemicals and herbal extracts. A large number of natural products obtained from plants and microorganisms is used in cosmetic, drug, flavor and fragrance industries. For this compilation, a range of the most important medicinal herbs and phytochemicals were selected and are described by the recognized authors in the field. The present reference work encompasses the information about well established phytochemicals, biology and biotechnology of medicinal plants or their products, their biosynthesis, novel production strategies, demand and uses, metabolism and bioavailability. There is a surge of information published in recent years on herbal medicine and their pharmacologic effects with single books available on varied subjects. However, all this information is widespread and difficult to overview. Researchers who wish to keep a pace with the rapidly developing field of natural products can now consult this newly compiled handbook to find all information about bioactive molecules and medicinal plants thoroughly compiled in one place!

Download or read book OMICs Technologies written by Noureddine Benkeblia and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-01-24 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the completion of the Human Genome Project, food and nutrition sciences have undergone a fundamental molecular transformation. New discoveries in molecular biology, analytical chemistry, and biochemistry have led to the development of new tools that are likely to revolutionize the study of food. OMICS Technologies: Tools for Food Science expl

Download or read book Temperate Fruit Crop Breeding written by Jim F. Hancock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-21 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book fully integrates the conventional and biotechnological approaches to fruit crop breeding. Individual chapters are written on a wide variety of species covering all the major fruit crops in one volume. For each crop, there is a discussion of their taxonomy and evolution, history of improvement, crossing techniques, evaluation methods, and heritability of major traits and germplasm resources. Also discussed are the most recent advances in genetic mapping and QTL (quantitative trait loci) analysis, marker assisted breeding, gene cloning, gene expression analysis, regeneration and transformation. Patenting and licensing issues are also covered.

Download or read book Primary Metabolism in Fruits written by Franco Famiani and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-23 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genomic Designing of Climate Smart Fruit Crops written by Chittaranjan Kole and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-30 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book provides a comprehensive overview of modern strategies in fruit crop breeding in the era of climate change and global warming. It demonstrates how advances in plant molecular and genomics-assisted breeding can be utilized to produce improved fruit crops with climate-smart traits. Agriculture is facing a number of challenges in the 21st century, as it has to address food, nutritional, energy and environmental security. Future fruit varieties must be adaptive to the varying scenarios of climate change, produce higher yields of high-quality food, feed, and fuel and have multiple uses. To achieve these goals, it is imperative to employ modern tools of molecular breeding, genetic engineering and genomics for ‘precise’ plant breeding to produce ‘designed’ fruit crop varieties. This book is of interest to scientists working in the fields of plant genetics, genomics, breeding, biotechnology, and in the disciplines of agronomy and horticulture.