Download or read book From Elementary Particles to the Limits of the Infinite Cosmos written by Vaggelis Talios and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The book describes our up-to-date knowledge of the Universe and suggests a new theory, the "Theory of the Chain Reaction", which explains the creation and the functioning of the material part of our Universe and the whole Cosmos. The first five chapters described herein cover the evolution of human knowledge about the Universe, the Universe as it is known today, the elementary particles and the fundamental forces, the theory of the big bang and the other existing cosmological theories about the creation. After the above, the author presents the "Theory of the Chain Reaction", a revolutionary theory that explains in an original and innovative way the creation and the evolution of our Cosmos. Next the reader will find the answers, according to the "Theory of the Chain Reaction", to some questions that still remain unanswered today about the creation such as where have the huge amounts of energy that exist in the universe been found? Does antimatter exist and, if so, where is it? Etc. The last chapter is a brief summary of the theory of the unification of the fundamental forces and physical theories. This chapter, in any case, is an introduction to the subject of the unifications and was written for readers who want to know more about this issue"--

Download or read book From Elementary Particles to the Limits of the Infinite Cosmos written by Vaggelis Talios and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2020 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes our up-to-date knowledge of the Universe and suggests a new theory, the "Theory of the Chain Reaction", which explains the creation and the functioning of the material part of our Universe and the whole Cosmos. The first five chapters described herein cover the evolution of human knowledge about the Universe, the Universe as it is known today, the elementary particles and the fundamental forces, the theory of the big bang and the other existing cosmological theories about the creation.After the above, the author presents the "Theory of the Chain Reaction", a revolutionary theory that explains in an original and innovative way the creation and the evolution of our Cosmos. Next the reader will find the answers, according to the "Theory of the Chain Reaction", to some questions that still remain unanswered today about the creation such as where have the huge amounts of energy that exist in the universe been found? Does antimatter exist and, if so, where is it? Etc.The last chapter is a brief summary of the theory of the unification of the fundamental forces and physical theories. This chapter, in any case, is an introduction to the subject of the unifications and was written for readers who want to know more about this issue.

Download or read book Understanding the Universe written by Don Lincoln and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the origins of the universe from an experimental physicist's perspective, including explaining quarks and leptons, discussing neutrino oscillations, and speculating on string theory.

Download or read book Particles In The Early Universe High energy Limit Of The Standard Model From The Contraction Of Its Gauge Group written by Nikolai A Gromov and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-12-16 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to develop a contraction method for classical orthogonal and unitary groups (algebras), and apply it to the investigation of physical structures, offering a new and unique interpretation to the high-energy limit of the Standard Model. Readers will find a comprehensive and rigorous study, summarized as follows: The space-time models (or kinematics) are described on the motion group level. The Jordan-Schwinger representations of the groups are shown to be closely connected to the properties of stationary quantum systems, whose Hamiltonians are quadratic in creation and annihilation operators. The high-temperature limit of the Standard Model is associated with the contraction of its gauge group, and the tending-to-zero contraction parameter is connected to the inverse average energy (temperature) of the Universe. This makes it possible to re-establish the evolution of particles and their interactions in the early Universe up to Planck energy, where readers shall discover that the properties of elementary particles change drastically in the infinite temperature limit: all particles lose mass, all quarks are monochromatic, electroweak interactions become long range and are mediated by neutral currents.Absent in all known literature, this book would be the first in describing the dynamics of particle properties and their interactions at different stages in the evolution of the Universe. Presenting both physical and mathematical approaches to various problems, and their applications to the physics of the early Universe, this book will be a valuable addition to the sparse literature on the subject matter.

Download or read book The Book of Universes written by John D. Barrow and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2011 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Barrow presents an unforgettable tour of the strange and wonderful universes that modern physics posits might--just might--be out there.

Download or read book The Multi Universe Cosmos written by A.K. Velan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In light of the barrage of popular books on physics and cosmology, one may question the need for another. Here, two books especially come to mind: Steven Weinberg's The First Three Minutes, written 12 years ago, and the recent best-seller ABriefHistory of Time by Stephen Hawking. The two books are complementary. Weinberg-Nobel prize winner/physicist-wrote from the standpoint of an elementary particle physicist with emphasis on the contents of the universe, whereas Hawking wrote more as a general relativist with emphasis on gravity and the geometry of the universe. Neither one, however, presented the complete story. Weinberg did not 13 venture back beyond the time when temperature was higher than 10 K and 32 perhaps as high as 10 K. He gave no explanation for the origin of particles and the singularity or source of the overwhelming radiation energy in our uni verse of one billion photons for each proton. Hawking presents a uni verse that has no boundaries, was not created, and will not be destroyed. The object of this book is to describe my new theory on the creation of our uni verse in a multi-universe cosmos. The new cosmological model eliminates the troublesome singularity-big bang theory and explains for the first time the origin of matter and the overwhelming electromagnetic radiation contained in the universe. My new theory also predicted the existence ofhigh-energy gamma rays, which were recendy detected in powerful bursts.

Download or read book Our Universe Infinite and Eternal written by Barry Bruce and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2012-11 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field equations of Einstein's General Relativity are solved for an infinite universe with uniform density. One of the three solutions, the Infinite Universe of Einstein and Newton, fits all the data for the Hubble diagram better than the Big Bang. Next, using general relativity and the physics that evolved from Newton, the force of gravity between two massive point particles is found. Utilizing this force and the Infinite Universe of Einstein and Newton model, the net force of gravity on a point particle in arbitrary motion, due the uniform mass distribution of the universe, is calculated by integration. This net force of gravity is found to be equal to the Force of Inertia. These calculations explain Newton's First Law, Newton's Second Law, and the equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass. The middle of the book deals with the development of quantum mechanics. Here it is shown that hidden within the classical mechanics of particles there is the phase of a wave, associated with a particle, that moves at the speed of a de Broglie wave. The form of the phase of the wave is developed. Making use of the form of the phase, the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for a particle is setup to be solved using an integrating factor. The resulting equation is manipulated directly into the form of the Schrodinger equation. This development requires that the particle Hamilton-Jacobi equation has a solution whenever the Schrodinger equation has a solution and vice versa. The classical wave function is then shown to have exactly the same mathematical properties as the quantum mechanical wave function, including the fact that the absolute value squared of the classical wave function has the mathematical properties of a probability density. However, the interpretation that this is a probability density for the particle is shown not to hold. Lastly, the missing matter problem is resolved by showing that the dynamics and the mass of a spiral galaxy are better and more naturally explained by using ordinary physics with ordinary interacting matter than they are by postulating and using exotic weakly interacting dark matter.

Download or read book The Universe and the Atom written by Don Lichtenberg and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2007 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Early ideas and the universe -- 2. The solar system and beyond -- 3. Newton's ideas about space and time -- 4. Early ideas of motion -- 5. Newton's Law of Motion -- 6. Newton's Theory of Gravity -- 7. Energy and momentum -- 8. Electricity and magnetism -- 9. Wave motion -- 10. Relativity -- 11. Atoms -- 12. Early days of Quantum Theory -- 13. Quantum mechanics -- 14. The elements -- 15. Nuclear physics -- 16. Elementary particles -- 17. The sun and the solar system -- 18. The Milky Way -- 19. The universe -- 20. Speculations.

Download or read book The Infinite Cosmos written by Joseph Silk and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Infinite Cosmos Joseph Silk takes the reader on a tour of the universe, past, present, and future, showing how the very latest observations and theories are unlocking clues about its origin and structure: X-ray, radio, and high-energy views of the most distant reaches of the universe. Theories from the frontiers of current research seek to explain its structure from the first moments to the present day, and we are beginning to understand its extraordinary nature and possible fate. This is a story involving the visible and the invisible; subatomic particles and unusual forces; long ages of darkness and spectacular and violent events. It tells of supernovae, dark matter, dark energy, curved spacetime, colliding galaxies, and supermassive black holes. Weaving the ideas of poets and writers as well as scientists into the story, from Kant and Keats to Einstein and Lemaitre, Silk explains our present state of knowledge, and how much more there is to understand about our infinite cosmos. "

Download or read book Ultimate Horizons written by Helmut Satz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last hundred years, modern physics and cosmology have shown that there exist regions of the universe forever beyond our reach, hidden by truly ultimate horizons. Such regions exist in those remote parts of the universe where, from our point of view, space expands faster than the speed of light. They are found in black holes, where the gravity is strong enough to retain even light within its field of attraction. And in the realm of the very small, quarks must remain forever confined to their world of extreme density and can never be removed from it. The aim of this book is to describe these ultimate horizons, how they were discovered, how they shape our view of the world, and what clues we have about a world beyond them.

Download or read book The Wondrous Universe written by Gerhard Börner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-28 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world as it is viewed from modern physics and cosmology has many strange and unexpected features. Often these are in stark contrast with our everyday experience or our preconceptions, such as the concept of space and time as finite and changeable. Nevertheless it is this strange world which is the fundamental basis of our existence. Therefore modern science also has a few things to say about the age-old questions: Who are we? – Where do we come from? – Where are we going? The author, an experienced scientist and teacher, presents the knowledge that we have about our world for non-experts. He takes us on a journey through cosmology and the quantum world of elementary particles. And he sketches the impact of the insights gained into philosophical assumptions and religious beliefs in these disciplines. In the end he asks the speculative question whether there is something beyond the limits of the natural sciences.

Download or read book From the Universe to the Elementary Particles written by Ulrich Ellwanger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-05 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the author leads the reader, step by step and without any advanced mathematics, to a clear understanding of the foundations of modern elementary particle physics and cosmology. He also addresses current and controversial questions on topics such as string theory. The book contains gentle introductions to the theories of special and general relativity, and also classical and quantum field theory. The essential aspects of these concepts are understood with the help of simple calculations; for example, the force of gravity as a consequence of the curvature of the space-time. Also treated are the Big Bang, dark matter and dark energy, as well as the presently known interactions of elementary particles: electrodynamics, the strong and the weak interactions including the Higgs boson. Finally, the book sketches as yet speculative theories: Grand Unification theories, supersymmetry, string theory and the idea of additional dimensions of space-time. Since no higher mathematical or physics expertise is required, the book is also suitable for college and university students at the beginning of their studies. Hobby astronomers and other science enthusiasts seeking a deeper insight than can be found in popular treatments will also appreciate this unique book.

Download or read book Inventory of the Universe Assembling an Infinite Number of Puzzle Pieces Perfectly written by Sam Kneller and published by Wheatmark, Inc.. This book was released on 2016-03-16 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information is more accessible than ever before. If we want to keep up with what's going on in the world, a twenty-four-hour news cycle will provide us with more facts than we can possibly absorb. And yet, this constant stream of data doesn't yield meaningful answers. Why is there political unrest throughout the globe? Why, with all of our technological advances, haven't we eliminated poverty? Why does injustice exist? Why are we here at all? Inventory of the Universe: Assembling an Infinite Number of Puzzle Pieces . . . Perfectly helps us make sense of our questions by starting at the beginning. With the help of a time-traveling reporter named Galacti, Sam Kneller takes us from the Big Bang to the present day, exploring the ways in which 13.8 billion years of intergalactic happenings have led to a human species that thinks, acts, and interacts as it does. For those of us who are ready to escape the limits of our daily perceptions, Inventory of the Universe will open the door to a greater understanding of our world . . . and ourselves.

Download or read book When the Universe Took a U turn written by Burra Gautam Sidharth and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses some of the baffling questions encountered at the final frontier of space and time related to particle physics and cosmology in the context of recent iconoclastic observations and developments. When particle physics stagnated in the early seventies, a new development emerged String Theory. For the past 25 years, String Theory, popularly called the "Theory of Everything," has mesmerized not just scientists, but also the general public. Yet a closer scrutiny today reveals that it is no more than a mathematical marvel. It has neither predicted anything nor has it been anywhere near verification. We are essentially where we were in the early seventies. Another chronic problem that Einstein had abandoned was the unified description of his theory of General Relativity that deals with the Universe at large and Electromagnetism which is to do with particles. Such a description is necessary even if it warrants a radical departure from our time-honoured ideas of space and time. A bright spot has now appeared in Cosmology. Iconoclastic observations in the past years have shown that the Universe is actually accelerating, driven by a mysterious Dark Energy. This book takes the lay reader through these uncharted waters and mind-boggling developments on an unimaginable journey from the ultra small to the farthest stretches conceivable, via such imagination defying concepts as extra dimensions and multiple universes.

Download or read book The Infinite Universe of Einstein and Newton written by Barry Bruce and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After developing his Law of Gravitation, Newton came to believe that the Universe was infinite and homogeneous on a large scale. Einstein's original intuition was similar to Newton's in that he thought our Universe was static, infinite, isotropic and homogeneous. The field equations of Einstein's general relativity are solved for this universe. One of the three solutions found, the "infinite closed universe", traps light within a finite portion of the universe. This infinite closed universe model is shown to fit all the data of the Hubble diagram better than the Big Bang, and it fits the recent supernova data without having to postulate mysterious dark energy. Using general relativity and the physics which evolved from Newton, the author finds the force of gravity between two point particles. Utilizing this force and the infinite closed universe model, the net force of gravity on a point particle, in arbitrary motion, due to the uniform mass distribution of the universe is calculated by an integration. This net force of gravity is found to be equal to the force of inertia. These calculations explain Newton's First Law, Newton's Second Law, and the equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass. In addition, by the extension of Einstein's general relativity to two-body interactions Newton's Third Law is elicited. These results show that the cosmological redshift and the physics that we know are likely the result of the uniform mass distribution of our infinite closed universe and gravity alone.

Download or read book Understanding The Universe From Quarks To Cosmos Revised Edition written by Donald Lincoln and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012-03-20 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Big Bang, the birth of the universe, was a singular event. All of the matter of the universe was concentrated at a single point, with temperatures so high that even the familiar protons and neutrons of atoms did not yet exist, but rather were replaced by a swirling maelstrom of energy, matter and antimatter. Exotic quarks and leptons flickered briefly into existence, before merging back into the energy sea.This book explains the fascinating world of quarks and leptons and the forces that govern their behavior. Told from an experimental physicist's perspective, it forgoes mathematical complexity, using instead particularly accessible figures and apt analogies. In addition to the story of quarks and leptons, which are regarded as well-accepted fact, the author (who is a leading researcher at one of the world's highest energy particle physics laboratories) also discusses mysteries at both the experimental and theoretical frontiers, before tying it all together with the exciting field of cosmology and indeed the birth of the universe itself.The text spans the tiny world of the quark to the depths of the universe with breathtaking clarity. The casual student of science will appreciate the careful distinction between what is known (quarks, leptons and antimatter), what is suspected (Higgs bosons, neutrino oscillations and the reason why the universe has so little antimatter) and what is merely dreamed (supersymmetry, superstrings and extra dimensions). Included is an unprecedented chapter explaining the accelerators and detectors of modern particle physics experiments. The chapter discussing the hunt for the Higgs boson — currently consuming the efforts of nearly 6000 physicists — reveals drama that only big-stakes science can give. Understanding the Universe leaves the reader with a deep appreciation of the fascinating particle realm and reverence for just how much it determines the rich beauty of our universe.Since the release of the first edition, the landscape has changed. The venerable Fermilab Tevatron has ceased operations after a quarter century of extraordinary performance, to be replaced by the CERN Large Hadron Collider, an accelerator with a design energy of seven times greater than the Tevatron and a collision rate of nearly a billion collisions per second. The next few years promise to be very exciting as scientists explore this new realm. This revised edition of Understanding the Universe will leave the reader with a deep appreciation of just why physicists are so excited.

Download or read book Understanding the Universe written by Manjunath.R and published by Manjunath.R. This book was released on 2020-03-17 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Scientific Introduction to Subatomic particles, Alien Intelligence, and Human Space Exploration (For the Cosmically Curious): There are many fundamental questions about the universe that have intrigued scientists, philosophers, and ordinary people for centuries. Here are a few of them: What is the universe made of? This is one of the most basic questions about the universe. Scientists have identified a number of different types of matter and energy, including atoms, subatomic particles, dark matter, and dark energy, but there is still much we don't know. How did the universe begin? The origin of the universe is a subject of intense study and debate. The prevailing theory is the Big Bang, which suggests that the universe began as a singularity and has been expanding ever since. What is the ultimate fate of the universe? Will it keep on expanding indefinitely or will it ultimately come to an end? Some theories suggest that the universe may end in a "big rip" or a "big crunch," while others suggest that it will continue to expand indefinitely. What is the nature of space and time? These are fundamental concepts that are still not fully understood. Some theories suggest that space and time are intertwined and that they can be distorted by the presence of matter and energy. Are there other universes beyond our own? Some theories suggest that our universe may be just one of many in a "multiverse." Although this theory is yet hypothetical, it is a fascinating concept that could have significant ramifications for our comprehension of the cosmos. These are just a few of the many fundamental questions about the universe that scientists and philosophers continue to explore. "Understanding the Universe: Quarks, Leptons and the Big Bang" is a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental principles that govern the universe we live in. From the tiniest particles to the grandest structures in the cosmos, this book takes readers on a journey of discovery through the mysteries of modern physics and cosmology. Starting with an introduction to the basic building blocks of matter, the book delves into the strange world of quarks and leptons, exploring their properties and interactions. It then examines the forces that govern the behavior of matter, including the strong and weak nuclear forces, electromagnetism, and gravity. The book also covers the history of the universe, from its origins in the Big Bang to the present day, and discusses the evolution of stars and galaxies. Readers will gain a deep understanding of the structure of the universe, its expansion, and the mysterious dark matter and dark energy that make up the vast majority of its mass. Filled with engaging examples, clear explanations, and fascinating insights, "Understanding the Universe: Quarks, Leptons and the Big Bang" is a must-read for anyone interested in the inner workings of the cosmos. Whether you're a student of physics, a science enthusiast, or simply curious about the universe, this book will provide you with a solid foundation for understanding the world around us.