Download or read book Free Trade Zones in Export Strategies written by Yung W. Rhee and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Advantages and Disadvantages of Constructing Free Trade Zones as an Industrialisation Strategy written by Christabel Boakye Dankwa and published by . This book was released on 2014-12-08 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2014 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 68, South Bank University London (Faculty of Social Sciences), course: Msc.Development Studies, language: English, abstract: In pursuit of development, governments of developing countries have adopted different industrialisation strategies over the years. One of such approach to industrialisation is export -oriented manufacturing and the common policy instrument adopted to stimulate commercial export has been the establishment of free trade zones. This paper tries to find out the possible benefits and disadvantages associated with the creation of free trade zones as a strategy for industrialisation. The first part tries to explain what constitutes free trade zone by various authorities on the subject, the types and origin of free trade zones. The second part identifies the various posits on the impact of free trade zone. The third section identifies some of the benefits and shortcomings of free trade zones as an industrialisation strategy. The final part makes up the conclusion and recommendations.

Download or read book Export Processing Zones written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book International Economic Law and the Challenges of the Free Zones written by Julien Chaisse and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2019-05-02 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special economic zones (SEZs) have become a permanent feature of the world trade scene. This book, the first to provide a critical and comprehensive analysis of SEZs covering a wide spectrum of countries and regions, shows how SEZs, albeit established at the domestic level by different countries, raise multiple legal issues under international economic law. This first-rate book is the product of the Asia FDI Forum IV held in Hong Kong in 2018. Thoroughly exploring the development of the SEZ phenomenon and its players, the contributing authors (all leading economic law experts) review the issues raised by SEZs in the context of international trade law, international investment law and investment arbitration. They identify the extent to which SEZs have been coherent in their design and policymaking, in particular with regard to domestic law reforms. They address such aspects (both core themes and specific examples) as the following: investment protection in China’s SEZs; state-owned enterprises regulation; dispute settlement; under what circumstances incentives available in SEZs count as export subsidies prohibited under World Trade Organization (WTO) rules; compliance with internal market rules in European Union (EU) free zones; local populations as victims of land expropriation; Brazil’s Manaus Free Trade Zone; India’s experience with multiple SEZs; the administrative approval system in the Shanghai Free Trade Zone; economic corridors and transit routes as SEZs; ‘refugee cities’: SEZs for migrants; how China’s Supreme People’s Court serves national strategy; how foreign investors challenge free-zone regimes; impacts of the establishment of SEZs on tax revenues; SEZs and labour migration; and management models. The chapters also include insights into the new emerging generation of international investment agreements; WTO accession, transparency, and case law materials clarifying specific trade issues associated with SEZs; and new rules to protect the environment and labour rights, as well as analysis of crucially significant cases such as Goetz v. The Republic of Burundi, Lee Jong Baek v. Kyrgyzstan and Ampal-American and Others v. Egypt. With its critical and comprehensive analysis of the dynamic SEZ phenomenon across legal, economic, investment, regulatory and policy matrices – including a thorough analysis of the success factors and required policies for SEZs – this book takes a giant step towards answering the question whether SEZs fundamentally contradict norms of international law or whether SEZs have to be considered as laboratories which facilitate the implementation of international economic policies. Its careful examination of theory and practice and its approach to lessons learned from case studies will reward trade and investment officials, policymakers, diplomats, economists, lawyers, think tanks, business leaders and others interested in this ever more important area of law and economics.

Download or read book U S Foreign Trade Zones Tax Free Trade Zones of the World and Their Impact on the U S Economy written by Susan Tiefenbrun and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Free trade zones (FTZs) date back to the time of the Phoenicians; they developed in the 1970s and proliferated from 1980 until today. FTZs are duty-free areas where goods may be warehoused, processed, sold, serviced, distributed, showcased, packaged, labeled, sorted, assembled, and manufactured as finished goods, prior to re-exporting them as duty-exempt finished products. More than one 135 countries operate tax-free trade zones. There are more than 3,500 of these zones and subzones all over the world, and 277 FTZs and 500 subzones exist in the United States, creating 68 million direct jobs and over $500 billion of direct trade-related value added within the zones. FTZs benefit both importers and exporters because both save on taxes, reduce transportation costs, avoid financing charges, and thereby increase their business cash flow. Exporters view FTZs as an entry into foreign markets, an opportunity to defer or avoid customs duties, and a way to obtain income tax exemptions or reductions. This article is a primer on the way FTZs work in the United States and abroad. It asks whether FTZs have had an impact on the U.S. economy. The article delves deeply into the business benefits and tax advantages of FTZs. U.S. exports from general purpose zones and subzones have generally increased from 1989 to 2008, earning the U.S. from $10 to $40 billion. Despite the plethora of bilateral trade agreements and the fall in U.S. tariff rates, which have increased the importation of foreign products into the U.S., the use of FTZs has grown significantly since 1970 and resulted in an increase in US exports. By using FTZs, the U.S. manufacturer can get around the "inverted tariff rate" which encourages the importation of foreign goods into the US. FTZs reduce costs for the American business and incentivize exportation of U.S. products. FTZs can play a significant role in economic growth by increasing exports, enhancing industry competitiveness, and attracting foreign direct investment. Special privileges are given to manufacturers who export the products processed in the FTZ. Export processing zones (EPZs) focus on manufacturing of exports only and allow investors to import and export goods free of duties and exchange controls, facilitate licensing and other regulatory processes, and liberate businesses from obligations to pay corporate taxes, value added taxes, or other local taxes. The purpose of FTZs is to attract foreign direct investment; alleviate unemployment, especially for women; foster economic reform strategies by developing and diversifying exports; and test new approaches to foreign direct investment and to government policies related to law, land, labor, and the pricing of goods. Some FTZs succeed (if they are focused on increasing exports) and some FTZs fail (if the industry simply takes advantage of the tax advantages without producing substantial employment or export earnings and without providing healthy labor and environmental conditions for the workers). FTZs have been criticized for bad labor practices, environmental abuses, the failure to increase exports sufficiently, and the liberal use of zones by money launderers and narcotics traffickers. Nevertheless, FTZs reduce the cost of manufacturing in America, reduce the massive trade deficit, and help create new jobs for American workers. There are conflicting reports on the advantages and disadvantages of FTZs and their impact on the U.S. economy. In order for FTZs to increase exports, facilitate constructive international trade, and enhance international business, rational and reasonable regulatory schemes must ensure that zones are being used for the primary purpose of increasing exports and safeguarding social and environmental standards both in the U.S. and abroad.

Download or read book Special Economic Zones written by Thomas Farole and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011-08-01 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For countries as diverse as China and Mauritius, Special Economic Zones (SEZs) have been a powerful tool to attract foreign investment, promote export-oriented growth, and generate employment; for many others, the results have been less than encouraging. While the benefits and limitations of zones will no doubt continue to be debated, what is clear is that policymakers are increasingly attracted to them as an instrument of trade, investment, industrial, and spatial policy. Since the mid 1980s, the number of newly-established zones has grown rapidly in almost all regions, with dramatic growth in developing countries. In parallel with this growth and in the evolving context of global trade and investment, zones are also undergoing significant change in both their form and function, with traditional export processing zones (EPZs) increasingly giving way to larger and more flexible SEZ models. This new context will bring significant opportunities for developing countries to take advantage of SEZs, but will also raise new challenges to their successful design and implementation. This volume aims to contribute to a better understanding of the role and practice of SEZs in developing countries, in order to better equip policymakers in making effective decisions in planning and implementing SEZ programs. It covers some of the emerging issues and challenges in SEZs – including upgrading, regional integration, WTO compliance, innovation, the environment, and gender issues – with practical case examples from SEZ programs in developing countries.

Download or read book Tax Free Trade Zones of the World and in the United States written by Susan Tiefenbrun and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This definitive and comprehensive book, with contributions from world-renowned foreign trade zone expert, the late Walter Diamond, provides an up-to-date guide to the free trade zones and subzones in the United States and around the world. Economic reasons for using free trade zones are explored, encompassing the benefits gained and profits earned, such as exemptions, reductions from customs duties, proximity to foreign export markets, and low-cost processing and packaging of goods designed to lower duties or freight charges. Practical, hard-to-locate data and contact details are provided on every free trade zone in the US, as well as information on the history, growth and types of users in each zone, storage space, transportation access, the cost of user facilities, utilities, communications, labor availability, warehousing features, and enterprise zones within the free trade zone. Tax Free Trade Zones of the World and in the United States will be an invaluable reference tool for a wide-ranging professional audience including: international, multinational and business law firms, tax advisory and finance firms, international sales and marketing executives, import, export and shipping companies, customs brokers and insurance agencies. In addition, it will prove a useful, practical resource for law students focusing on international business and international trade.

Download or read book Technology Transfer and Management in Export Processing Zones written by Richard L. Bolin and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Special Economic Zones in Africa written by Thomas Farole and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book, designed for policymakers, academics and researchers, and SEZ program practitioners, provides the first systematic and comprehensive analysis of SEZ programs in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is the result of detailed surveys and case studies conducted during 2009 in ten developing countries, including six in Sub-Saharan Africa. The book provides quantitative evidence of the performance of SEZs, and of the factors which contribute to that performance, highlighting the critical importance not just of the SEZ itself but of the wider national investment climate in which it functions. It also provides a comprehensive guide to the key policy questions that confront governments establishing SEZ programs, including: if and when to launch an SEZ program, what form of SEZ is most appropriate, and how to go about implementing it. Among the most important findings from the study that is stressed in the book is the shift from traditional enclave models of zones to SEZs that are integrated ? with national trade and industrial strategies, with core trade and social infrastructure, with domestic suppliers, and with local labor markets.Although the book focuses primarily on the experience of Sub-Saharan Africa, its lessons will be applicable to developing countries around the world."

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Industrial Hubs and Economic Development written by Arkebe Oqubay and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-23 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrialization supported by industrial hubs has been widely associated with structural transformation and catch-up. But while the direct economic benefits of industrial hubs are significant, their value lies first and foremost in their contribution as incubators of industrialization, production and technological capability, and innovation. The Oxford Handbook of Industrial Hubs and Economic Development adopts an interdisciplinary approach to examine the conceptual underpinnings, review empirical evidence of regions and economies, and extract pertinent lessons for policy reasearchers and practitioners on the key drivers of success and failure for industrial hubs. This Handbook illustrates the diverse and complex nature of industrial hubs and shows how they promote industrialization, economic structural transformation, and technological catch-up. It explores the implications of emerging issues and trends such as environmental protection and sustainability, technological advancement, shifts in the global economy, and urbanization.

Download or read book A Review of the Role and Impact of Export Processing Zones written by Dorsati Madani and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As instruments for encouraging economic development, export processing zones have only limited usefulness. A better policy choice is general liberalization of a country's economy.

Download or read book Investing in China through Free Trade Zones written by Lorenzo Riccardi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-07 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the new China (Shanghai) Free-Trade Zone one year after its launch. It examines in depth the economic, strategic and political effects of Chinese economic and financial reform. The results of the analysis are further clarified by comparing Shanghai with analogous counterparts in Singapore and Hong Kong. China has developed a number of special and free-trade zones but the new Pilot Shanghai FTZ includes all previous privileges promoting the area as perfect hub for the Asia-Pacific region. This work represents a valuable business guide for appraising new opportunities in the most promising sectors for business enterprises in China.

Download or read book Global Perspectives on Free Trade Zones written by Feng Shujun and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone (FTZ) has been active for a year. As a national strategy, the free trade zone is a highlighted stage of reform. Over the past year, the FTZ builders' endeavors have come down to the following four aspects: the establishment of a negative-list system, which is aimed for the innovation of the investment management system; the increase of trade facilitation and institutional innovation in regulatory services; the exploration on the reform of financial innovation system in the zone; and the basic formation of the in-process and post-mortem supervisory system based on transferred government functions. The experiences and lessons that the FTZ has undergone during this exploration process will be of great value for other similiar Chinese free trade experiments. The FTZ will surely lead China to a "great future."

Download or read book Principles of International Trade Import Export written by Dr Chase Rhee and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2012-11 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of International Trade (Import-Export): The first step toward globalization by Dr. Chase C. Rhee is a comprehensive book for international trade (Import-Export). This book is intended for college students who study international trade and business people who want to engage in international trade. The book covers major subjects necessary for a successful import-export business: - Antidumping and countervailing duties - ATA Carnet - Classical theories of international trade - Customs brokers - Customs clearance - Drawback - Establishing an import business - Export credit insurance - Export entry strategies & export intermediaries - Export pricing - Financing exports - Financing imports - Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Antiboycott Laws - Foreign trade zones - Free trade agreements - Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States - IC-DISC, FSC, ETI Act, and AJCA - Import quotas - Inspection of imported goods - Interactions between an exporter and an importer - International freight forwarder & automated export system - International organizations: GATT, WTO, ICC, & OECD - International trade terms - International transportation - Locating products to export and export markets - Locating products to import - Marine cargo insurance - Markings of imported goods - Negotiation of shipping documents - Overseas agents and distributors - Packing of imported goods - Pricing of imported goods - Safeguard measures - Sales contracts - Shipping documents - Special tariff treatment programs - Temporary free importations - Terms of payments - Transaction value - U.S. Government's export controls - U.S. Government's export supports - U.S. Government's import restrictions

Download or read book Export Processing Zones Free Trade Zones written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Basic Guide to Exporting written by Jason Katzman and published by Skyhorse Publishing Inc.. This book was released on 2011-03-23 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is practical advice for anyone who wants to build their business by selling overseas. The International Trade Administration covers key topics such as marketing, legal issues, customs, and more. With real-life examples and a full index, A Basic Guide to Exporting provides expert advice and practical solutions to meet all of your exporting needs.

Download or read book Guide to 100 Export and Free Trade Zones Policies and Procedures 1987 88 written by Sanjeev K. Jain and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: