Download or read book Form and Meaning of Pronouns in the English German and Russian Language written by Elena Dubodelova and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2015-06-08 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Speech Science / Linguistics, grade: 1,7, Free University of Berlin (Institut für Englische Philologie), course: HS Understanding English-German Contrasts, language: English, abstract: Since pronouns are the main grammatical devices by which acts of speaking are tied to the persons who are engaged in the conversation, many linguists investigate how pronouns are employed as a means of coming to understand the ways that speech and society are related. The expression ‘central pronouns’ for personal , reflexive and possessive pronouns suggests that these subclasses have a number of features in common and that other, more peripheral pronominal subclasses can be characterized by properties not shared by all members. It appears that the class of pronouns is conceptualized by Quirk et al. and other authors as something like a ‘cluster’ or ‘radial category’ with a prototypical core represented by personal pronouns. With regard to their referential functions, those pronouns are traditionally described in terms of deixis and anaphora. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the pronominal systems of English, German and Russian and to compare them. The special focus of comparison is the reflexive pronouns due to their complexity and in some aspects controversy.
Download or read book Functional Role of Person Reference Comparing Lezgian English German and Russian written by Elena Dubodelova and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2015-06-26 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject Speech Science / Linguistics, grade: 2, Free University of Berlin (Institut für Englische Philologie), course: PS Pronominalsysteme in der Sprachen der Welt, language: English, abstract: According to Kremer (1997: 30), reference to people is mostly made by using full, lexical noun phrases, proper names and pronouns. With regard to linguistic gender, nouns and pronouns are closely related. In fact, Greenberg’s implicational universal No. 43 is: ́If a language has gender categories in the noun, it has gender categories in the pronoun` (1966:96). Pronouns, which are always mentioned as one of the traditional word classes, represent a very heterogeneous collection of `closed-class words with nominal function` (Quirk et al. 1985:335). The Lezgian is spoken by about 400,000 people in southern Daghestan and northern Azerbaijan in the eastern Caucasus. Lezgian has been written since 1928, first in the Latin alphabet, from 1938 onward in the Cyrillic alphabet. The grammar, which I used describes the standard language, which is based on the lowland Güne dialect. Lezgian is a member of the Lezgic branch of the Nakho-Daghestanian family of languages. The family tree of Nakho-Daghestanian is shown in (1) (following Hewitt 1981 a:197).
Download or read book Intensifiers in English and German written by Peter Siemund and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with expressions like English myself, yourself, himself and so on, and German selbst from a perspective of language comparison. It is the first book-length study of intensifiers ever written. The study investigates the syntax and semantics of these expressions and provides a thorough account of a much neglected grammatical domain. Given that the approach is both descriptive and analytic, the book will be of interest to linguists, grammar writers and teachers of English and German alike.
Download or read book The Fundamentals of Human and Machine Translations written by Isaak Iosifovich Revzin and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Language and Meaning written by Christopher Beedham and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lcc number: 2005048394
Download or read book Thou and You The Pronouns of Address written by Jana Karoff and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2015-11-24 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Mannheim (Lehrstuhl für Anglistische Linguistik), course: Diachronic Linguistics, language: English, abstract: The diachronic development of the English language is marked by the loss of nearly all inflections – except for the pronouns’ inflections. When comparing the Modern English pronoun paradigm to the Old English one, especially the personal pronouns are worth looking at. For a native German speaker, it stands out that in Modern English both “Du” and “Sie” are translated with only one word, you. In English, there seems to be no distinction between familiarity and politeness in the second person pronoun. This is true for Modern English, but not for earlier forms of English. It is interesting to see that between Early Modern English and Modern English the thou, which would be translated into German as “Du”, was gradually lost and replaced by you, the former “Sie”. This paper will have a closer look at the Early Modern English distinction between thou for close personal relationships as well as differentiation between upper and lower class, and you for impersonal relationships, politeness and respect in Drama. The following chapter will explain what a pronoun is and more precisely also define the term personal pronoun. The third chapter will introduce and contrast various values of the second person pronouns thou and you and how their use is distributed during the Early Modern English Period. In the fourth chapter, this theory will be used to analyse sections from “Hamlet” by William Shakespeare. It will take a closer look at which characters use thou and you, why they do it and what that reveals about the characters themselves and their relationship to the character they talk to. The paper will end with a conclusion about the covered theory and analysis.
Download or read book Grammar written by James R. Hurford and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-11-03 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an alphabetical guide to one hundred basic grammatical terms, with explanations, examples and exercises.
Download or read book The Impact of Pronominal Form on Interpretation written by Patrick Grosz and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interplay between the interpretation of pronouns (e.g. bound/referential) and their form (e.g. null/overt) is still ill-understood. This volume has a cross-linguistic orientation with in-depth investigations of more than 10 different languages. It unites researchers from the linguistic subfields of syntax, semantics, and psycholinguistics, thus furthering dialogue with the goal of shedding new light on the form/interpretation connection.
Download or read book Cambridge Advanced Learner s Dictionary written by Kate Woodford and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 1550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary is the ideal dictionary for advanced EFL/ESL learners. Easy to use and with a great CD-ROM - the perfect learner's dictionary for exam success. First published as the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, this new edition has been completely updated and redesigned. - References to over 170,000 words, phrases and examples explained in clear and natural English - All the important new words that have come into the language (e.g. dirty bomb, lairy, 9/11, clickable) - Over 200 'Common Learner Error' notes, based on the Cambridge Learner Corpus from Cambridge ESOL exams Plus, on the CD-ROM: - SMART thesaurus - lets you find all the words with the same meaning - QUICKfind - automatically looks up words while you are working on-screen - SUPERwrite - tools for advanced writing, giving help with grammar and collocation - Hear and practise all the words.
Download or read book The Qualls Concise English Grammar written by Eduard J. Qualls and published by Danaan Press Inc. This book was released on 2012-02 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Qualls Concise English Grammar "is a text that treats specifically of North American English. American-Canadian English-"ACE"-is both the native dialect of the predominant majority (almost 74%) of native English speakers, and is the standard for International Business. "ACE "is the oldest dialect of English, preserving capabilities and distinctions of vocabulary that have been lost in British English and other dialects. "ACE" is, in fact, closer (particularly in grammar and pronunciation) to the language of Shakespeare than is modern British English. This grammar is written to the traditional standards of English teaching, in which understandability and correctness took precedence over the pseudo-psychology of undisciplinable self-esteem-ism. The grammar starts with a quick, high-level survey of the English language, aspects of its history and dialects. Then it presents schemas of the parts of speech and aspects of each that will be treated in the text. The grammar itself proceeds through each part of speech, starting with general descriptions and progressing to more detailed points and explanations. After this, aspects of the sentence are covered, followed by concise rules for capitalization and punctuation. Within the section for each part of speech and for the sentence are given points of correct or suggested usage. Copious examples are given for each description, rule or suggestion. The final part of the text covers Structural analysis of sentences and the clauses of which they are constructed. Parsing is treated first, with parsed selections taken from the examples given in the Grammar portion of the text. After that, extensive instructions are given for traditional diagramming and for an updated adaptation of traditional diagramming called "Qualls Concise Diagramming." "QCD" is built on the constructs of Reed/Kellogg diagramming, but incorporates improvements, in particular to representation of compound and complex components that too often resulted in indistinct representation or in spaghettification of the traditional diagrams. This book is an excellent study aid for the higher levels of grade school, for middle school, high school and even college students. It is vital for anyone whose job depends on the quality and effectiveness of their use of English, that is, all those in business, in broadcasting and those involved in writing, whether that be informal, commercial or literary. The book's extremely thorough presentation of diagramming will please those Americans who have become frustrated with the horrible decline both in standards of teaching materials and in the thoroughness of grammatical instruction. These will want to get copies to give to those friends and family members preparing for college entrance tests or for jobs that are highly language influenced or dependent.
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition written by Susan M. Gass and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 998 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition brings together fifty leading international figures in the field to produce a state-of-the-art overview of Second Language Acquisition. The Handbook covers a wide range of topics related to Second Language Acquisition: language in context, linguistic, psycholinguistic, and neurolinguistic theories and perspectives, skill learning, individual differences, L2 learning settings, and language assessment. All chapters introduce the reader to the topic, outline the core issues, then explore the pedagogical application of research in the area and possible future development. The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition is an essential resource for all those studying and researching Second Language Acquisition.
Download or read book Meaning in the Second Language written by Roumyana Slabakova and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2008-12-10 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews recent research on the second language acquisition of meaning with a view of establishing whether there is a critical period for the acquisition of compositional semantics. A modular approach to language architecture is assumed. The book addresses the Critical Period Hypothesis by examining the positive side of language development: it demonstrates which modules of the grammar are easy to acquire and are not subject to age effects. The Bottleneck Hypothesis is proposed, which argues that inflectional morphology and its features present the most formidable challenge, while syntax and phrasal semantics pose less difficulty to learners. Findings from the neurofunctional imaging (PET, fMRI) and electrophysiology (ERPs) of L2 comprehension are reviewed and critically examined. Since it is argued that experimental tasks in those studies are mostly in need of linguistic refinement, evidence from behavioral studies of L2 acquisition of semantics are brought to bear on comprehension modeling. Learning situations are divided into two types: those presenting learners with complex syntax, but simple semantics; and those offering complex semantic mismatches in simple syntactic contexts. The numerous studies of both types reviewed in the book indicate that there is no barrier to ultimate success in the acquisition of phrasal semantics.
Download or read book Personal Pronouns in Present Day English written by Katie Wales and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-11-13 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive book-length analysis of personal pronouns in present-day English.
Download or read book Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Subjectivity in Language and Discourse written by Nicole Baumgarten and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2012-11-02 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subjectivity in Language and in Discourse deals with the linguistic encoding and discursive construction of subjectivity across languages and registers. The aim of this book is to complement the highly specialized, parallel and often separate research strands on the phenomenon of subjectivity with a volume that gives a forum to diverse theoretical vantage points and methodological approaches, presenting research results in one place which otherwise would most likely be found in substantially different publications and would have to be collected from many different sources. Taken together, the chapters in this volume reflect the rich diversity in contemporary research on the phenomenon of subjectivity. They cover numerous languages, colloquial, academic and professional registers, spoken and written discourse, diverse communities of practice, speaker and interaction types, native and non-native language use, and Lingua Franca communication. The studies investigate both already well explored languages and registers (e.g. American English, academic writing, conversation) and with respect to subjectivity, less studied languages (Greek, Italian, Persian, French, Russian, Swedish, Danish, German, Australian English) as well as many different communicative settings and contexts, ranging from conference talk, promotional business writing, academic advising, disease counselling to internet posting, translation, and university classroom and research interview talk. Some contributions focus on individual linguistic devices, such as pronouns, intensifiers, comment clauses, modal verbs, adjectives and adverbs, and their capacity of introducing the speaker's subjective perspective in discourse and interactional sequence; others examine the role of larger functional categories, such as hedging and metadiscourse, or interactional sequencing.
Download or read book Pronouns written by Horst J. Simon and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributions of this thematic collection center around the typology of pronominal paradigms, the generation of syntactic and semantic representations for constructions containing pronouns, and the neurological underpinnings for linguistic distinctions that are relevant for the production and interpretation of these constructions. They come from different theoretical approaches and methodological backgrounds and take into account data from a wide range of Indoeuropean and non-Indoeuropean languages. Bringing together a cross-section of recent research on the grammar and representation of pronouns, the volume offers a kaleidoscope of studies united by the common topic of pronouns as a domain of language that exemplarily shows the interaction of different components responsible for computational (syntactic and semantic), lexical, and discourse-pragmatic processes.
Download or read book Encyclopaedia of the Linguistic Sciences written by Vennelakaṇṭi Prakāśaṃ and published by Allied Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
