Download or read book Summary Report on Forecasting Traffic Characteristics for Air Quality Analysis written by Lei Yu and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Forecasting Traffic Characteristics for Air Quality Analyses written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Individual and Environmental Determinants of Traffic Emissions and Near road Air Quality written by Junshi Xu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On-road motor vehicles are responsible for a considerable proportion of near-road air pollution. While background levels of air pollutants are continuously tracked by regional monitoring networks, assessing near-road air quality remains a challenge in urban areas with complex built environments, traffic composition, and meteorological variation, leading to significant spatiotemporal variability in air pollution. This research addresses current gaps in the literature on local traffic emissions and near-road air quality. This thesis first investigates the effect of traffic volume and speed data on the simulation of vehicle emissions and hotspot analysis. Traffic emissions are estimated using radar data as well as simulated traffic based on various speed aggregation methods. It provides recommendations for project-level analysis and particulate matter (PM) hotspot analysis. We further compare fleet averaged emission factors (EFs) derived from a traffic emission model, the Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (MOVES), with EFs using plume-based measurements. This second module stresses the need to collect local traffic information for a better understanding of on-road traffic emissions. Besides, we validate default drive cycles in MOVES against representative drive cycles derived based on real-world GPS data. The validation results are helpful for transportation planners to quantify uncertainties in emission estimation and employ appropriate methods to improve the estimation of on-road emission inventories. The third module develops eco-score models and evaluates the effect of various factors such as driver and trip characteristics on emission intensities. The results shed light on the impact of driving style on emissions and identify the most important factors affecting the amount of emissions generated by every individual driver. The fourth module focuses on the impact of traffic emissions on near-road air quality and presents the results of two different experiments. First, it explores the effect of various factors on near-road ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations based on short-term fixed monitoring, which stresses the significance of using local traffic characteristics to improve near-road air quality prediction. In addition, it captures the distribution of truck movements in urban environments and investigates the impacts of land-use variables and detailed traffic information on near-road Black Carbon (BC) concentrations.
Download or read book Smart Sensors and Devices in Artificial Intelligence written by Dan Zhang and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-07 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensors are the eyes or/and ears of an intelligent system, such as UAV, AGV and robots. With the development of material, signal processing, and multidisciplinary interactions, more and more smart sensors are proposed and fabricated under increasing demands for homes, the industry, and military fields. Networks of sensors will be able to enhance the ability to obtain huge amounts of information (big data) and improve precision, which also mirrors the developmental tendency of modern sensors. Moreover, artificial intelligence is a novel impetus for sensors and networks, which gets sensors to learn and think and feed more efficient results back. This book includes new research results from academia and industry, on the subject of “Smart Sensors and Networks”, especially sensing technologies utilizing Artificial Intelligence. The topics include: smart sensors biosensors sensor network sensor data fusion artificial intelligence deep learning mechatronics devices for sensors applications of sensors for robotics and mechatronics devices
Download or read book Transportation Air Quality Analysis Sketch Planning Methods Analysis methods written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monitoring and Prediction of Air Polution from Traffic in the Urban Environment written by Shirley Anne Reynolds and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic-related air pollution is now a major concern. The Rio Earth Summit and the Government's commitment to Agenda 21 has led to Local Authorities taking responsibility to manage the growing number of vehicles and to reduce the impact of traffic on the environment. There is an urgent need to effectively monitor urban air quality at reasonable cost and to develop long and short term air pollution prediction models. The aim of the research described was to investigate relationships between traffic characteristics and kerbside air pollution concentrations. Initially, the only pollution monitoring equipment available was basic and required constant supervision. The traffic data was made available from the demand-responsive traffic signal control systems in Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire. However, it was found that the surveys were too short to produce statistically significant results, and no useful conclusions could be drawn. Subsequently, an automatic, remote kerbside monitoring system was developed specifically for this research. The data collected was analysed using multiple regression techniques in an attempt to obtain an empirical relationship which could be used to predict roadside pollution concentrations from traffic and meteorological data. However, the residual series were found to be autocorrelated, which meant that the statistical tests were invalid. It was then found to be possible to fit an accurate model to the data using time series analysis, but that it could not predict levels even in the short-term. Finally, a semi-empirical model was developed by estimating the proportion of vehicles passing a point in each operating mode (cruising, accelerating, decelerating and idling) and using real data to derive the coefficients. Unfortunately, it was again not possible to define a reliable predictive relationship. However, suggestions have been made about how this research could be progressed to achieve its aim.
Download or read book Traffic Related Air Pollution written by Haneen Khreis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-08-20 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic-Related Air Pollution synthesizes and maps TRAP and its impact on human health at the individual and population level. The book analyzes mitigating standards and regulations with a focus on cities. It provides the methods and tools for assessing and quantifying the associated road traffic emissions, air pollution, exposure and population-based health impacts, while also illuminating the mechanisms underlying health impacts through clinical and toxicological research. Real-world implications are set alongside policy options, emerging technologies and best practices. Finally, the book recommends ways to influence discourse and policy to better account for the health impacts of TRAP and its societal costs. - Overviews existing and emerging tools to assess TRAP's public health impacts - Examines TRAP's health effects at the population level - Explores the latest technologies and policies--alongside their potential effectiveness and adverse consequences--for mitigating TRAP - Guides on how methods and tools can leverage teaching, practice and policymaking to ameliorate TRAP and its effects
Download or read book Predicting Air Quality Effects of Traffic flow Improvements written by Richard Gerhard Dowling and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2005 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trends in Spatial Analysis and Modelling written by Martin Behnisch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-24 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of original research papers that focus on recent developments in Spatial Analysis and Modelling with direct relevance to settlements and infrastructure. Topics include new types of data (such as simulation data), applications of methods to support decision-making, and investigations of human-environment data in order to recognize significance for structures, functions and processes of attributes. Research incorporated ranges from theoretical through methodological to applied work. It is subdivided into four main parts: the first focusing on the research of settlements and infrastructure, the second studies aspects of Geographic Data Mining, the third presents contributions in the field of Spatial Modelling, System Dynamics and Geosimulation, and the fourth part is dedicated to Multi-Scale Representation and Analysis. The book is valuable to those with a scholarly interest in spatial sciences, urban and spatial planning, as well as anyone interested in spatial analysis and the planning of human settlements and infrastructure. Most of the selected papers were originally presented at the “International Land Use Symposium (ILUS 2015): Trends in Spatial Analysis and Modelling of Settlements and Infrastructure” November 11-13 2015, in Dresden, Germany.
Download or read book Urban Climates written by T. R. Oke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Climates is the first full synthesis of modern scientific and applied research on urban climates. The book begins with an outline of what constitutes an urban ecosystem. It develops a comprehensive terminology for the subject using scale and surface classification as key constructs. It explains the physical principles governing the creation of distinct urban climates, such as airflow around buildings, the heat island, precipitation modification and air pollution, and it then illustrates how this knowledge can be applied to moderate the undesirable consequences of urban development and help create more sustainable and resilient cities. With urban climate science now a fully-fledged field, this timely book fulfills the need to bring together the disparate parts of climate research on cities into a coherent framework. It is an ideal resource for students and researchers in fields such as climatology, urban hydrology, air quality, environmental engineering and urban design.
Download or read book Emission estimation based on traffic models and measurements written by Nikolaos Tsanakas and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-24 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic congestion increases travel times, but also results in higher energy usage and vehicular emissions. To evaluate the impact of traffic emissions on environment and human health, the accurate estimation of their rates and location is required. Traffic emission models can be used for estimating emissions, providing emission factors in grams per vehicle and kilometre. Emission factors are defined for specific traffic situations, and traffic data is necessary in order to determine these traffic situations along a traffic network. The required traffic data, which consists of average speed and flow, can be obtained either from traffic models or sensor measurements. In large urban areas, the collection of cross-sectional data from stationary sensors is a costefficient method of deriving traffic data for emission modelling. However, the traditional approaches of extrapolating this data in time and space may not accurately capture the variations of the traffic variables when congestion is high, affecting the emission estimation. Static transportation planning models, commonly used for the evaluation of infrastructure investments and policy changes, constitute an alternative efficient method of estimating the traffic data. Nevertheless, their static nature may result in an inaccurate estimation of dynamic traffic variables, such as the location of congestion, having a direct impact on emission estimation. Congestion is strongly correlated with increased emission rates, and since emissions have location specific effects, the location of congestion becomes a crucial aspect. Therefore, the derivation of traffic data for emission modelling usually relies on the simplified, traditional approaches. The aim of this thesis is to identify, quantify and finally reduce the potential errors that these traditional approaches introduce in an emission estimation analysis. According to our main findings, traditional approaches may be sufficient for analysing pollutants with global effects such as CO2, or for large-scale emission modelling applications such as emission inventories. However, for more temporally and spatially sensitive applications, such as dispersion and exposure modelling, a more detailed approach is needed. In case of cross-sectional measurements, we suggest and evaluate the use of a more detailed, but computationally more expensive, data extrapolation approach. Additionally, considering the inabilities of static models, we propose and evaluate the post-processing of their results, by applying quasi-dynamic network loading.
Download or read book Expanding Metropolitan Highways written by Transportation Research Board and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-02-01 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews existing research on the links among highway capacity, traffic flow characteristics, travel demand, land use, vehicle emissions, air quality, and energy use in metropolitan areas; Identifies the conditions most likely to affect emissions and energy use; reviews the reliability of models and analyses that regional and state planning agencies use to forecast travel demand and land use, emission levels, and energy consumption; and recommends research strategies, modeling improvements, and data collection efforts to improve analytic capabilities.
Download or read book Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXII written by Douw G. Steyn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-04 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent developments in air pollution modeling and its application are explored here in contributions by researchers at the forefront of their field. The book is focused on local, urban, regional and intercontinental modeling; data assimilation and air quality forecasting; model assessment and evaluation; aerosol transformation; the relationship between air quality and human health and the interaction between climate change and air quality. The work will provide useful reference material for students and professors interested in air pollution modeling at the graduate level as well as researchers and professionals involved in developing and utilizing air pollution models.
Download or read book Guidelines for Air Quality Maintenance Planning and Analysis written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Links Between Air Quality and Economic Growth written by Shanthi Nataraj and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2013-12-20 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report assesses what evidence exists for the ways in which local air quality could influence local economic growth and how those effects might be relevant to the Pittsburgh region.
Download or read book Air Pollution Modeling written by P. Zannetti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finishing this book is giving me a mixture of relief, satisfaction and frus tration. Relief, for the completion of a project that has taken too many of my evenings and weekends and that, in the last several months, has become almost an obsession. Satisfaction, for the optimistic feeling that this book, in spite of its many shortcomings and imbalances, will be of some help to the air pollution scientific community. Frustration, for the impossibility of incorporating newly available material that would require another major review of several key chap ters - an effort that is currently beyond my energies but not beyond my desires. The first canovaccio of this book came out in 1980 when I was invited by Computational Mechanics in the United Kingdom to give my first Air Pollution Modeling course. The course material, in the form of transparencies, expanded, year after year, thus providing a growing working basis. In 1985, the ECC Joint Research Center in Ispra, Italy, asked me to prepare a critical survey of mathe matical models of atmospheric pollution, transport and deposition. This support gave me the opportunity to prepare a sort of "first draft" of the book, which I expanded in the following years.
Download or read book Guidelines for Air Quality Maintenance Planning and Analysis sup Accounting for new source performance standards in projecting and allocating emissions hypothetical example written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
