Download or read book Foam Displacement in Fractures written by Monrawee Pancharoen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foam flooding has been implemented in oil field applications, ranging from enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and oil well stimulation to workover and remedial well operations. In the EOR applications, foam has proven to be a promising tool for gas mobility control in gas injection processes. Increased oil recovery is mainly due to the reduction of channeling, gravity override, and viscous fingering. The mechanisms of foam flow resistance, generation, and coalescence are similar among fractured and unfractured media but the macroscopic expression of non-linear foam physics is different. Unlike foam bubble shape in porous media that is governed by pore configurations, the shape of bubbles in fractures is deformed freely according to interfacial tension and gas compressibility. The possibility of continuously varying gas-liquid curvature and the relationship of curvature to foam apparent viscosity results in different pressure drop behavior in fractures as gas flow rate and foam quality are varied. The use of the foam population-balance approach is extended to include the description of foam transport in fractures. We study numerically and experimentally foam flow resistance as a function of gas and liquid velocities and the degree of fracture heterogeneity. The full physics foam model is modified by incorporating the relationship of gas-liquid curvature change with foam flow conditions in the simulations. The foam flow resistance parameter is then calculated locally. The simulated fracture models include 1- and 2-dimensional heterogeneous and a radial homogeneous models. Model predictions compare favorably to experimental literature data. Investigation of the flow resistance of pre-generated foam flow was performed via coreflood experiments. Foam characteristics and flow resistance were studied using a visualization cell and a differential pressure transducer at different flow conditions. The use of an X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanner made it possible to investigate core characterization and in-situ liquid saturation within the core. The experimental results show the dependency of foam bubble characteristics on foam flow resistance. The foam injection demonstrates a mobility reduction factor of 4 to 6 when compared with the gas injection. Foam has an ability to divert injected fluids from fractures into the matrix. This ability, however, is affected by the contrast between fracture and matrix permeabilities. The population balance method of foam in fractures that incorporates the relationship of bubble configuration and foam resistance was verified and a good agreement was found between experimental results and model predictions. A fracture network model that consists of multiple fractures with various transmissibilities was used to study the ability of foam to increase sweep efficiency and redistribute injected fluids in the fracture network. Foam dynamics were investigated visually through a transparent plastic sheet on top of the model while differential pressures were measured using a differential pressure transducer. The experiment confirms that foam texture and bubble configuration play an important role in defining foam flow characteristics in fractures. Foam also demonstrates the ability to direct injected fluids from the higher permeability fractures to the lower permeability zone. Again, the population balance method of foam in fractures was verified and the model accurately reproduced experimental results.
Download or read book Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-08-27 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific understanding of fluid flow in rock fracturesâ€"a process underlying contemporary earth science problems from the search for petroleum to the controversy over nuclear waste storageâ€"has grown significantly in the past 20 years. This volume presents a comprehensive report on the state of the field, with an interdisciplinary viewpoint, case studies of fracture sites, illustrations, conclusions, and research recommendations. The book addresses these questions: How can fractures that are significant hydraulic conductors be identified, located, and characterized? How do flow and transport occur in fracture systems? How can changes in fracture systems be predicted and controlled? Among other topics, the committee provides a geomechanical understanding of fracture formation, reviews methods for detecting subsurface fractures, and looks at the use of hydraulic and tracer tests to investigate fluid flow. The volume examines the state of conceptual and mathematical modeling, and it provides a useful framework for understanding the complexity of fracture changes that occur during fluid pumping and other engineering practices. With a practical and multidisciplinary outlook, this volume will be welcomed by geologists, petroleum geologists, geoengineers, geophysicists, hydrologists, researchers, educators and students in these fields, and public officials involved in geological projects.
Download or read book The Physics of Foams written by D. L. Weaire and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ordinary foams such as the head of a glass of beer and more exotic ones such as solid metallic foams raise many questions for the physicist and have attracted a substantial research community in recent years. The present book describes the results of extensive experiments, computer simulations, and theories in an authoritative yet informal style, making ample use of illustrations and photographs. As an introduction to the whole field of the physics of foams it puts a strong emphasis on liquids while also including solid foams. Simple, idealized models are adopted and their consequences explored. Specific topics include: structure, drainage, rheology, conductivity, and coarsening. A minimum of mathematics is used. Theory and experiment are described together at every stage. A guide to further reading is provided through carefully selected references. This is a complete and coherent introduction to the subject which no other modern text currently offers.
Download or read book Foam Displacement in Porous Media written by Anthony Robert Kovscek and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Foams written by Isabelle Cantat and published by . This book was released on 2013-07-11 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, beginners, engineers, and researchers entering the field can easily find clear, up-to-date answers to their questions regarding the physical and physico-chemical properties of aqueous foams, as well as their numerous industrial applications, explained using current knowledge of their structure, their stability, and their rheology.
Download or read book Naturally Fractured Reservoir Characterization written by Wayne Narr and published by . This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Visualization and Simulation of Immiscible Displacement in Fractured Systems Using Micromodels written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of steam and hot water injection processes in micromodel geometries that mimic a matrix-fracture system was undertaken. The followings were observed: Light components existing in the crude oil generated a very high efficient gas-drive at elevated temperatures. This gas generation in conjunction with natural surfactant existing in the crude oil, lead to the formation of a foam in the fracture and to improved displacement in the matrix. We observed that the steam enters the fracture and the matrix depending on whether the steam rate exceeds or not the critical values. The resulting condensed water also moves preferentially into the matrix or the fracture depending on the corresponding capillary number. Since steam is a non-wetting phase as a vapor, but becomes a wetting phase when condensed in a water-wet system, steam injection involves both drainage and imbibition. It was found that all of the oil trapped by the condensed water can be mobilized and recovered when in contact with steam. We also examined hot-water displacement. In comparison with cold-water experiments at the same capillary number, a higher sweep efficiency for both light and heavy oils was observed. It was found that the loam generated in the fracture during hot-water injection, is more stable than in steamflooding. Nonetheless, hot-water injection resulted into less efficient displacement in its absence.
Download or read book Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician written by Krishnamurthy Bonanthaya and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021 with total page 1965 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access book with CC BY 4.0 license. This comprehensive open access textbook provides a comprehensive coverage of principles and practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery. With a range of topics starting from routine dentoalveolar surgery to advanced and complex surgical procedures, this volume is a meaningful combination of text and illustrations including clinical photos, radiographs, and videos. It provides guidance on evidence-based practices in context to existing protocols, guidelines and recommendations to help readers deal with most clinical scenarios in their daily surgical work. This multidisciplinary textbook is meant for postgraduate trainees, young practicing oral surgeons and experienced clinicians, as well as those preparing for university and board certification exams. It also aids in decision-making, the implementation of treatment plans and the management of complications that may arise. This book is an initiative of Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India (AOMSI) to its commitment to academic medicine. As part of this commitment, this textbook is in open access to help ensure widest possible dissemination to readers across the world. ; Open access Unique presentation with contents divided into color-coded core competency gradations Covers all aspects of oral and maxillofacial surgery Supplemented with videos of all commonly carried out procedures as operative video Every chapter or topic concludes with "future perspective" and addresses cutting edge advances in each area Every topic has a pull out box that provides the most relevant systematic reviews/ key articles to every topic.
Download or read book Multiphase Fluid Flow in Porous and Fractured Reservoirs written by Yu-Shu Wu and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2015-09-23 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiphase Fluid Flow in Porous and Fractured Reservoirs discusses the process of modeling fluid flow in petroleum and natural gas reservoirs, a practice that has become increasingly complex thanks to multiple fractures in horizontal drilling and the discovery of more unconventional reservoirs and resources. The book updates the reservoir engineer of today with the latest developments in reservoir simulation by combining a powerhouse of theory, analytical, and numerical methods to create stronger verification and validation modeling methods, ultimately improving recovery in stagnant and complex reservoirs. Going beyond the standard topics in past literature, coverage includes well treatment, Non-Newtonian fluids and rheological models, multiphase fluid coupled with geomechanics in reservoirs, and modeling applications for unconventional petroleum resources. The book equips today’s reservoir engineer and modeler with the most relevant tools and knowledge to establish and solidify stronger oil and gas recovery. Delivers updates on recent developments in reservoir simulation such as modeling approaches for multiphase flow simulation of fractured media and unconventional reservoirs Explains analytical solutions and approaches as well as applications to modeling verification for today’s reservoir problems, such as evaluating saturation and pressure profiles and recovery factors or displacement efficiency Utilize practical codes and programs featured from online companion website
Download or read book Color Atlas of Emergency Trauma written by Demetrios Demetriades and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-17 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This full-color atlas presents over 1200 images from one of the largest trauma centers in North America. Photos, x-rays and illustrations depicting a variety of common and rare traumatic injuries are accompanied by recommendations and advice from a multidisciplinary group of experienced trauma care providers.
Download or read book Modelling Rock Fracturing Processes written by Baotang Shen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-07 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text book provides the theoretical background of rock fracture mechanics and displacement discontinuity methods used for the modelling of geomechanical problems. The computer program FRACOD is used to analyse the fracture problems, assessing fracture initiation and propagation in tension (Mode I), shear (Mode II) and mixed mode I and II of solid intact or jointed geomaterials. The book also presents the fundamentals of thermo-mechanical coupling and hydro-mechanical coupling. Formulations of multiple regional mechanical, thermal and hydraulic functions, which allow analyses of fracture mechanics problems for structures made of brittle, rock-like materials, are provided. In addition, instructive examples of code verification and applications are presented. Additional material: The 2-D version of the FRACOD program, a manual on the program and a wealth of verification examples of classical problems in physics, mechanics and hydromechanics are available at http://extras.springer.com. A large number of applications related to civil, mining, petroleum and environmental engineering are also included. - The first textbook available on modelling of rock fracture propagation - Introduces readers to the fundamentals of rock fracturing - Uses a modern style of teaching with theory, mathematical modelling and applications in one package - The basic version of the FRACOD software, manual, verification examples and applications are available as additional material - The FRACOD program and manual enable the readers to solve fracture propagation problems on their own --------------------------- Ki-Bok Min, Department of Energy Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Korea “Challenging rock engineering applications require extreme conditions of stress, temperature and hydraulic pressure resulting in rock fracturing to a various extent. The FRACOD is one of few computer codes available in engineering rock mechanics that can simulate the initiation and propagation of fractures often interacting with natural fractures. Its capability has been significantly enhanced to include the hydraulic and thermal fracturing with concerted interaction from multi-national research and industry partners. My experience with the FRACOD is very positive and I am certain that its already-excellent track record will expand further in the future."
Download or read book Clinical Manual of Emergency Pediatrics written by Ellen F. Crain and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2003 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now available in a compact 4" x 7" format, this portable reference covers the management of emergency conditions seen in pediatric patients. The Fourth Edition includes new sections on pediatric emergency radiology and sports injuries, plus expanded material on infectious diseases and environmental emergencies.. . "very well written. . . more complete than traditional pocket books.". -Pediatric Emergency Care Review-review of the previous edition.
Download or read book Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery cEOR written by Laura Romero-Zerón and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-10-19 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commercial application of chemical enhanced oil recovery (cEOR) processes is expected to grow significantly over the next decade. Thus, Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (cEOR): A Practical Overview offers key knowledge and understanding of cEOR processes using an evidence-based approach intended for a broad audience ranging from field operators, researchers, to reservoir engineers dealing with the development and planning of cEOR field applications. This book is structured into three sections; the first section surveys overall EOR processes. The second section focuses on cEOR processes, while the final section describes the electrorheology technology. These sections are presented using a practical and realistic approach tailored for readers looking to improve their knowledge and understanding of cEOR processes in a nutshell.
Download or read book Exploitation of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources written by Kenneth Imo-Imo Israel Eshiet and published by . This book was released on 2019-07-10 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stimulation of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs is proven to improve their productivity to an extent that has rendered them economically viable. Generally, the stimulation design is a complex process dependent on intertwining factors such as the history of the formation, rock and reservoir fluid type, lithology and structural layout of the formation, cost, time, etc. A holistic grasp of these can be daunting, especially for people without sufficient experience and/or expertise in the exploitation of unconventional hydrocarbon reserves. This book presents the key facets integral to producing unconventional resources, and how the different components, if pieced together, can be used to create an integrated stimulation design. Areas covered are as follows: • stimulation methods, • fracturing fluids, • mixing and behavior of reservoir fluids, • assessment of reservoir performance, • integration of surface drilling data, • estimation of geomechanical properties and hydrocarbon saturation, and • health and safety. Exploitation of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources: Hydraulic Fracturing and Other Recovery and Assessment Techniques is an excellent introduction to the subject area of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, but it also complements existing information in the same discipline. It is an essential text for higher education students and professionals in academia, research, and the industry.
Download or read book The Rationale of Operative Fracture Care written by Joseph Schatzker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the publication of the AO book Technique of Internal Fixation of Fractures (Miiller, Allgower and Willenegger, Springer-Verlag, 1965), the authors decided after considerable discussion amongst themselves and other members of the Swiss AO that the next edition would appear in three volumes. In 1969, the first volume was published (the English edition, Manual of Internal Fixation, appeared in 1970). This was a manual of surgical technique which discussed implants and instruments and in which the problems of internal fixation were presented schematically without radio logical illustrations. The second volume was to be a treatise on the biomechanical basis of internal fixation as elucidated by the work done in the laboratory for experi mental surgery in Davos. The third volume was planned as the culminating effort based upon the first two volumes, treating the problems of specific fractures and richly illustrated with clinical and radiological examples. It was also to discuss results of treatment, comparing the results obtained with the AO method with other methods. The second and third volumes were never published. The second edition of the AO Manual appeared in 1977. It dealt in greater detail with the problems discussed in the first edition, although it still lacked clinical exam ples and any discussion of indications for surgery. Like the first edition, it was trans lated into many languages and was well received. Finally, after 22 years, the much discussed and much needed third volume has appeared.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Enhanced Oil Recovery written by Larry W. Lake and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A revision of the 1989 classic, Enhanced Oil Recovery by Larry Lake, this text, Fundamentals of Enhanced Oil Recovery, retains the original work's emphasis on fractional flow theory and phase behavior to explain enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes. There is additional coverage on cutting edge (or current) topics, such as low-salinity EOR, steam-assisted gravity drainage, and expanded coverage on thermodynamics and foam EOR. With its frequent reinforcement of two fundamental EOR principles, lowering the mobility ratio and increasing the capillary number, it is an excellent resource for underg.
Download or read book Time Dependent Constitutive Behavior and Fracture Failure Processes Volume 3 written by Tom Proulx and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-10 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This the third volume of six from the Annual Conference of the Society for Experimental Mechanics, 2010, brings together 56 chapters on Time-Dependent Constitutive Fracture and Failure. It presents early findings from experimental and computational investigations on Time Dependent Materials including contributions on Thermal and Mechanical Characterization, Coupled Experimental and Computational Analysis of Fracture Path Selection, Procedures for Mixed Mode Fracture Testing of Bonded Beams, and Experimental Study of Voids in High Strength Aluminum Alloys.
