Download or read book Fluoride in Drinking Water written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-22 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most people associate fluoride with the practice of intentionally adding fluoride to public drinking water supplies for the prevention of tooth decay. However, fluoride can also enter public water systems from natural sources, including runoff from the weathering of fluoride-containing rocks and soils and leaching from soil into groundwater. Fluoride pollution from various industrial emissions can also contaminate water supplies. In a few areas of the United States fluoride concentrations in water are much higher than normal, mostly from natural sources. Fluoride is one of the drinking water contaminants regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) because it can occur at these toxic levels. In 1986, the EPA established a maximum allowable concentration for fluoride in drinking water of 4 milligrams per liter, a guideline designed to prevent the public from being exposed to harmful levels of fluoride. Fluoride in Drinking Water reviews research on various health effects from exposure to fluoride, including studies conducted in the last 10 years.

Download or read book Fluoride in Drinking water written by John Kirtley Fawell and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2006 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluoride is known to occur at elevated concentration in a number of parts of the world, where it can be a significant cause of disease. The primary focus of this book is the prevention of adverse health effects from excessive levels of fluoride in drinking water. The book fills the urgent need, identified for updating the WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, for information on the occurrence of fluoride, its health effects, ways of reducing excess levels, and methods for analysis of fluoride in water. The draft document, produced by a working group of experts convened to consider protection from fluoride and its control, was issued for extensive review and consultation. The resultant book, which incorporates the comments received, was further peer reviewed by experts in developed and developing countries. It is aimed at a wide range of individuals, including health workers and sanitary engineers who may require a broad introduction to the subject with more detailed guidance in some specific areas. Fluoride in Drinking-waterwill be an invaluable reference source for all those concerned with the management of drinking water containing fluoride and the health effects arising from its consumption, including water sector managers and practitioners, as well as health sector staff at policy and implementation levels. It will also be of interest to researchers, students, development workers, and consultants.

Download or read book Fluoridation Facts written by American Dental Association and published by American Dental Association. This book was released on 2018-03-05 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All-in-one resource in for everything related to fluoridated water, from its impact on dental health to its safety and cost-effectiveness. Dispelling common myths that fluoridation is dangerous, this book provides science-backed information based on the most current research in Q&A format. This is the most in-depth and up-to-date educational resource available regarding fluoridated water, from the American Dental Association.

Download or read book Fluoride in Drinking Water written by A.K. Gupta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-05 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore the Health Effects of Fluoride PollutionFluoride in Drinking Water: Status, Issues, and Solutions establishes the negative impacts of naturally occurring fluoride on human health and considers the depth and scope of fluoride pollution on an international scale. The book discusses current global water quality and fluoride-related issues and

Download or read book The Case Against Fluoride written by Paul H. Connett and published by Chelsea Green Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the case of water fluoridation, the chemicals used to fluoridate the water that more than 180 million people drink each day are not pharmaceutical grade, but rather hazardous waste products of the phosphate fertilizer industry; it is illegal to dump them into rivers and lakes or release them into the atmosphere. And water fluoridation is a prime example of one of the worst medical practices possible-forced medication with no control over the dose or who gets it. Perhaps most shocking of all, it is not subject to any federal regulation. At once painstakingly-documented and also highly-readable, The Case Against Fluoride brings new research to light, including links between fluoride and harm to the brain, bones, and kidneys, and argues that while there is possible value in topical applications like brushing your teeth with fluoride toothpaste, the evidence that swallowing fluoride reduces tooth decay is surprisingly weak.

Download or read book Fluoride Drinking Waters written by Frank James McClure and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Green Technologies for the Defluoridation of Water written by Mohammad Hadi Dehghani and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-07-17 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green Technologies for the Defluoridation of Water focuses on the application of green technologies for the defluoridation of water using adsorption processes and nanoadsorbents. Chapters cover the environmental and health effects of fluoride presence in ambient air, food, water, soil and vegetation, focus on approaches for analytical methods to determine the presence of fluoride in water, review various types of conventional and advanced techniques used for removal, focus on adsorption as a green technology, review various types of adsorbents, and emphasize a techno-economic assessment with respect to conventional and non-conventional technologies. This book provides readers with comprehensive methods and applications, while also presenting the global impacts of fluoride ion on the environment, including in drinking water, food, air, soil and vegetables. The authors compare different defluoridation technologies in detail, providing researchers in environmental science and nanotechnology fields with the information they need to create solutions on how to safely remove fluoride from water in a sustainable and cost-effective way. Presents the application of green technology for the defluoridation of water using adsorption processes and nanoadsorbents Includes methods for effectively removing fluoride ions from potable water and water bodies Provides techniques that are eco-friendly, without toxic chemicals, and with lower cost options

Download or read book The Fluoride Wars written by R. Allan Freeze and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-29 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A lively account of fluoridation and its discontents Since its first implementation in Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1945, public drinking water fluoridation and its attendant conflicts, controversies, and conspiracy theories serve as an object lesson in American science, public health, and policymaking. In addition to the arguments on the issue still raging today, the tale of fluoridation and its discontents also resonates with such present concerns as genetically modified foods, global warming response, nuclear power, and environmental regulation. Offering the best current thinking on the issue, The Fluoride Wars presents a witty and detailed social history of the fluoridation debate in America, illuminating the intersection of science and politics in our recent past. This reader-friendly assessment explores the pro- and anti-fluoridation movements, key players, and important events. Full of amusing and vivid anecdotes and examples, this accessible recounting includes: A careful and non-condescending look at the hard science, popular science, pseudo-science, and junk science involved A look at fluoride issues including dosage, cost, financial and funding interests, fluorosis, and problems of risk-cost-benefit analysis The back-and-forth drama between pro- and anti-fluoridation factions, with all its claims, counterclaims, insults, acrimony, and lawsuits Case studies of various cities and their experiences with municipal water fluoridation initiatives Fluorophobia and popular conspiracy theories involving fluoride The colorful characters in the debate including activists, scientists, magicians, and politicians A richly and considerately told tale of American science and public life, The Fluoride Wars offers an engrossing history to both interested general readers and specialists in public health, dentistry, policymaking, and related fields.

Download or read book Water Fluoridation the Search and the Victory written by Frank James McClure and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Fluoridated Water Controversy written by Joseph Burke and published by . This book was released on 2017-04-24 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is water fluoridation? How toxic is fluoride? How beneficial is it? Is there a scientific consensus about any of this information? There are so many questions surrounding this ubiquitous issue. Water fluoridation pits individual rights versus the common good. Some say the common good overrides individual rights, and equate it to vaccination and food fortification. Others say that individual rights override the common good, and say that individuals have no choice in the water that they drink, unless they drink more expensive bottled water; and some argue, that it does not stand up to scrutiny relative to medical ethics. Explore these, and many more topics and important issues related to fluoridating public drinking water. This useful reference source will help you understand what's really going on and give you the information that you need.

Download or read book The Case against Fluoride written by Paul Connett and published by Chelsea Green Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10-07 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the U.S. Public Health Service endorsed water fluoridation in 1950, there was little evidence of its safety. Now, six decades later and after most countries have rejected the practice, more than 70 percent of Americans, as well as 200 million people worldwide, are drinking fluoridated water. The Center for Disease Control and the American Dental Association continue to promote it--and even mandatory statewide water fluoridation--despite increasing evidence that it is not only unnecessary, but potentially hazardous to human health. In this timely and important book, Dr. Paul Connett, Dr. James Beck, and Dr. H. Spedding Micklem take a new look at the science behind water fluoridation and argue that just because the dental and medical establishments endorse a public health measure doesn't mean it's safe. In the case of water fluoridation, the chemicals that go into the drinking water that more than 180 million people drink each day are not even pharmaceutical grade, but rather a hazardous waste product of the phosphate fertilizer industry. It is illegal to dump this waste into the sea or local surface water, and yet it is allowed in our drinking water. To make matters worse, this program receives no oversight from the Food and Drug Administration, and the Environmental Protection Agency takes no responsibility for the practice. And from an ethical standpoint, say the authors, water fluoridation is a bad medical practice: individuals are being forced to take medication without their informed consent, there is no control over the dose, and no monitoring of possible side effects. At once painstakingly documented and also highly readable, The Case Against Fluoride brings new research to light, including links between fluoride and harm to the brain, bones, and endocrine system, and argues that the evidence that fluoridation reduces tooth decay is surprisingly weak.

Download or read book Fluorine and Health written by Alain Tressaud and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-06-06 with total page 821 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluorine and Health presents a critical multidisciplinary overview on the contribution of fluorinated compounds to resolve the important global issue of medicinal monitoring and health care. The involved subjects are organized in three thematic parts devoted to Molecular Imaging, Biomedical Materials and Pharmaceuticals. Initially the key-position of partially fluorinated low molecular weight compounds labelled either with the natural 19F-isotope for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or labelled with the radioactive [18F]-isotope for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is highlighted. Both non-invasive methods belong to the most challenging in vivo imaging techniques in oncology, neurology and in cardiology for the diagnosis of diseases having the highest mortality in the industrialized countries. The manifold facets of fluorinated biomaterials range from inorganic ceramics to perfluorinated organic molecules. Liquid perfluorocarbons are suitable for oxygen transport and as potential respiratory gas carriers, while fluorinated polymers are connected to the pathology of blood vessels. Another important issue concerns the application of highly fluorinated liquids in ophthalmology. Moreover, fluorine is an essential trace element in bone mineral, dentine and tooth enamel and is applied for the prophylaxis and treatment of dental caries. The various origins of human exposure to fluoride species is detailed to promote a better understanding of the effect of fluoride species on living organisms.Medicinally relevant fluorinated molecules and their interactions with native proteins are the main focus of the third part. New molecules fluorinated in strategic position are crucial for the development of pharmaceuticals with desired action and optimal pharmacological profile. Among the hundreds of marketed active drug components there are more than 150 fluorinated compounds. The chapters will illustrate how the presence of fluorine atoms alters properties of bioactive compounds at various biochemical steps, and possibly facilitate its emergence as pharmaceuticals. Finally the synthetic potential of a fluorinase, the first C-F bond forming enzyme, is summarized. New approach of topics involving chemistry, biology and medicinal techniques Transdisciplinar papers on fluoride products Importance of fluoride products in health Updated data on specific topics

Download or read book Index to Fluoride Drinking Waters written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fluoridation written by George L. Waldbott and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effectiveness of Water Fluoridation written by National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia) and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fluoride Drinking Ourselves to Death written by Barry Groves and published by Gill & Macmillan Ltd. This book was released on 2001-09-20 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluoride is more toxic than lead, yet it is routinely added to the drinking water of Ireland and Britain. In Fluoride: Drinking Ourselves to Death?, Barry Groves presents an array of convincing and persuasive arguments that dismantle the commonly held belief that the fluoridation of water is beneficial to our health. The fluoridation of water has been used for the prevention of tooth decay for over fifty years. During this time little research has been done to ascertain whether it works. The chemicals used are classified as toxic industrial waste, yet no study has ever been conducted into their safety for human consumption. At the same time, research has uncovered serious side effects including death, cancer, skeletal fluorosis, osteoporosis, dementia, lowered IQ, kidney damage and even increased dental decay. Fluoride is only slightly less toxic than arsenic and all the evidence points incontrovertibly to the harm caused by fluoride to human, plant and animal life. Yet it is routinely added to the drinking water of five million people in Britain and more than two and a half million people in Ireland. Strongly opposed throughout the world, water fluoridation is far less widely accepted than its proponents would have us believe. Only two percent of the people of Western Europe have their water fluoridated — almost all of them within Britain and Ireland. Despite this, dental organisations lobby governments to compel everyone to ingest fluoride, whether they want it or not and without regard to possible harm. The vast majority of dentists maintain that the fluoridation of water is not debatable. In this book, Barry Groves assembles evidence to refute every single argument made by the dental establishment in favour of fluoridation. This carefully researched and persuasively written book demonstrates that the case for fluoridation of water is based on poor science and dogmatic ignorance rather than on any scientifically proven benefit to public health. His conclusions are truly alarming for everyone concerned with their own health, that of their families and of society in general. Fluoride: Drinking Ourselves to Death?: Table of Contents Introduction - Water Fluoridation - Fluoride and Water Safety - Cancer and Fluoride - Safe Limit for Fluoride - Research into Fluoride - Fluoridation and High Infant Mortality - Fluoride as a Cumulative Poison - Fluoride Kills - People at Risk from Fluoride - EPA Scientists and Fluoride - Support for Fluoridation Diminishes in America - The Totality of Fluoride - The Ethics and Legality of Fluoridation - Dental Fluorosis - The Dose Makes the Poison - Fluoride-Related Bone Problems, Part One - Fluoride-Related Bone Problems, Part Two - The Death of Science - The Poor and Fluoride Toxicity - Sugar and Truth Decay - Money Down the Drain - The History of Water Fluoridation, Part One - Arsenic and Old Lies - The History of Water Fluoridation, Part Two - Dentrifrice — or Rodenticide? - Europe Against Fluoride - Skeletal Fluorosis - The Public and Fluoride - Legislating for Fluoride - Fluoride Not an Essential Nutrient - Fluoride and Controversy - The UK Review: The Final Word on Fluoride? - Are You at Risk?Conclusion Appendix: Scientific Opposition to Fluoride

Download or read book Drinking Water Quality and Human Health written by Patrick Levallois and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-04 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quality of drinking water is paramount for public health. Despite important improvements in the last decades, access to safe drinking water is not universal. The World Health Organization estimates that almost 10% of the population in the world do not have access to improved drinking water sources. Among other diseases, waterborne infections cause diarrhea, which kills nearly one million people every year, mostly children under 5 years of age. On the other hand, chemical pollution is a concern in high-income countries and an increasing problem in low- and middle-income countries. Exposure to chemicals in drinking water may lead to a range of chronic non-communicable diseases (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular disease), adverse reproductive outcomes, and effects on children’s health (e.g., neurodevelopment), among other health effects. Although drinking water quality is regulated and monitored in many countries, increasing knowledge leads to the need for reviewing standards and guidelines on a nearly permanent basis, both for regulated and newly identified contaminants. Drinking water standards are mostly based on animal toxicity data, and more robust epidemiologic studies with accurate exposure assessment are needed. The current risk assessment paradigm dealing mostly with one-by-one chemicals dismisses the potential synergisms or interactions from exposures to mixtures of contaminants, particularly at the low-exposure range. Thus, evidence is needed on exposure and health effects of mixtures of contaminants in drinking water. Finally, water stress and water quality problems are expected to increase in the coming years due to climate change and increasing water demand by population growth, and new evidence is needed to design appropriate adaptation policies. This Special Issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) focuses on the current state of knowledge on the links between drinking water quality and human health.