Download or read book Fish Oil Sparing in Feeds for California Yellowtail Seriola Dorsalis written by Alexis M. Bergman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sparing fish oil (FO) in aquafeeds, especially diets intended for marine carnivores, is essential for the continued economic and environmental sustainability of aquaculture. Plant- and animal-derived lipids may successfully replace FO so long as diets are otherwise formulated to contain adequate amounts of essential fatty acids, including the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) required by many marine carnivorous species. Whereas growth performance may not be affected by these alternative lipids, tissue fatty acid profiles, including that of the edible fillet products, are often distorted and contain less of the LC-PUFAs many seafood consumers desire. Saturated fatty acid (SFA)-rich lipids, such as fully hydrogenated soybean oil (SO), tend to have a less overt effect on fillet composition and LC-PUFA loss in comparison with alternative lipids rich in C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (C18 PUFAs). However, SFA-rich lipids may be somewhat less digestible. To address this digestibility limitation, two studies were conducted to evaluate 1) increasing inclusion levels of partially hydrogenated SO (a monounsaturated fatty acid [MUFA]-rich lipid with presumably higher digestibility) in place of fully hydrogenated SO, and 2) supplementing fully hydrogenated SO-based feeds with emulsifiers as a means of enhancing diet utilization, growth performance, and fillet LC-PUFA retention in California Yellowtail (Seriola dorsalis ). In both studies, diets containing only fully hydrogenated SO yielded tissues with equivalent levels of LC-PUFAs in comparison to diets containing menhaden FO. Replacing 60% of fully hydrogenated SO with partially hydrogenated SO resulted in numeric increases in production performance (weight gain and specific growth rate [SGR]), with minimal accumulations of trans fats in edible tissues. Whereas emulsifiers including casein, whey protein, and monoglycerides can be added to SFA-rich fully hydrogenated SO diets to potentially improve digestibility, no production performance benefit was realized in California Yellowtail; the addition of mixed bile acids, however, significantly impaired performance. In summary, the use of SFA-rich fully hydrogenated SO is an effective strategy for minimizing the negative effects of FO sparing on California Yellowtail fillet composition, but limitations associated with reduced SFA digestibility must be addressed in order to optimize utilization and effectiveness of SFA-rich aquafeeds.
Download or read book Effect of Dietary Moisture on Growth and Intestinal Histology in California Yellowtail Seriola Dorsalis written by Mark Portman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Standard, commercial aquaculture feeds contain less than 10% moisture, while the natural diet of most carnivorous marine fish (i.e. forage fish, crustaceans) contains between 60-80% moisture and provides an important dietary source of fresh water. Following ingestion, marine teleosts hydrate dry formulated pellets via luminal secretions and ingested seawater. The pathways enabling absorption and excretion of salts, consequent of seawater drinking, are energetically costly to marine fish. Supplementation of feed with increased moisture content and decreased osmolarity may reduce the requirement for exogenous chyme hydration. We hypothesize that the use of feeds with a high moisture content may decrease this osmoregulatory cost. This study examines the effect of dietary moisture content on growth and intestinal histology in California Yellowtail, Seriola dorsalis. The industry standard for feed production requires cooking extrusion and drying to 10% moisture, which helps prevent spoilage. Forgoing the drying process of this method may yield a moisture level of 25%, but water stability and nutrient retention of the feed are impaired. A modification to this extrusion method allows for the production of water stable particles with up to 55% moisture. An 8-week feeding trial was conducted at Hubbs SeaWorld Research Institute in San Diego, CA on juvenile emS. dorsalis /em(27g). A moist feed developed by the USDA-ARS, was manufactured and fed at two levels of moisture (5% and 50%). A third group was fed a commercial control diet (5% moisture). Dietary ration was calculated as % BW on a dry-weight basis and maintained across treatment groups. The results form a histological analysis indicate no difference in intestinal morphology among treatments. Histological indications of intestinal distress were absent from all treatment groups. Increased dietary moisture content had a negative effect on growth. A comparable growth rate among dry diets suggests that formulation or processing method did not explain the divergence in growth observed in the high-moisture treatment. Proximate composition of the juvenile California yellowtail was statistically different only in lipid content. The moist feed treatment had a significantly lower whole-body lipid content as well as hepatosomatic index.
Download or read book Understanding and Optimizing Growth and Development of California Yellowtail Seriola Dorsalis in Aquaculture Using Physiological Tools written by Laura Nicole Schwebel and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical fitness metrics were used to assess the health and development of California Yellowtail, Seriola dorsalis, in an aquaculture environment during two grow-out experiments. The first experiment sought to evaluate the effects of a common aquaculture deformity (an improperly inflated swim bladder) that has been hypothesized to impact energy allocation, growth, and development. Metrics including metabolic rate, critical swimming speed, feed conversion ratio, and growth rate, were monitored over a 32-week period in three groups of California Yellowtail: wild-caught ("wild"), healthy hatchery-reared ("inflated"), and hatchery-reared with uninflated swim bladders ("uninflated"). At the start of the grow-out period, wild fish had a significantly lower standard metabolic rate (3.08 ± 0.23 mgO2 min-1 kg-1) than both the inflated and uninflated groups (5.60 ± 0.54 and 6.45 ± 0.66 mgO2 min-1 kg-1, respectively), but this difference was not maintained over time. After a 32-week growout, inflated fish had significantly greater mass (758.6 ± 92.7 g vs. 671.1 ± 128.9 g wild, 636.1 ± 80.4 g uninflated) and girth (23.2 ± 1.1 cm vs. 21.6 ± 1.7 cm wild, 21.5 ± 1.2 cm uninflated) than the other two groups, while uninflated fish had significantly shorter BL (36.5 ± 1.9 cm vs. 38.4 ± 2.7 cm wild, 39.6 ± 2.0 cm inflated). However, the wild fish had the most efficient feed conversion (1.41 vs. 1.49 inflated, 2.08 uninflated) and needed 5.8% less feed than the inflated group, and 47.8% less feed than the uninflated group to gain equivalent mass. In addition to indicating that it wouldn't be economical to rear yellowtail with uninflated swim bladders due to their poor growth rates and feed conversion ratios, the results of this experiment revealed that there is room for improvement in the fitness of healthy aquaculture-reared yellowtail by potentially lowering their metabolic rate and feed conversion ratios. The subsequent experiment introduced exercise (which is typically lacking in aquaculture) as a means for improvement of fitness in hatchery-reared fish, and aimed to determine if a short duration of exercise could have lasting effects on the fitness of cultured yellowtail. Fish were forced to swim continuously against a flow in custom designed raceways for two, three, or four weeks, following which, metabolic rate, growth rate, and feed conversion were assessed over a 24-week grow-out period. Results showed that the duration of exercise may have an impact on standard metabolic rate immediately following exercise, with the exercised groups showing about a 9-15% reduction in metabolic rate. However, initial metabolic differences were not retained over time. Similarly, growth rates were stimulated by exercise, potentially because their lower standard metabolic rate reflected more efficient resource use and the ability to efficiently gain weight; however, the positive growth response also weakened with time. These results indicate that exercise could play an important role in the development of this species; however, the timing (e.g. yellowtail life stage and duration of exercise) and environmental variables (e.g. temperature and flow speed) likely play important roles in optimizing the response.
Download or read book Alternative Lipids in Nutrition of Marine Finfish written by Artur Nishioka Rombenso and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fish oil sparing and replacement is a major focus in the fields of aquaculture and aquaculture nutrition. Most of the commercial fish oil production is consumed by the aquafeed industry due to its highly digestible energy and elevated content of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs; ARA – 20:4n-6, EPA – 20:5n-3, and DHA – 22:6n-3), being a valuable ingredient. Given the finite supply and the growing demand for fish oil its price has increased quite drastically, leading to the search for alternative lipid sources. Generally, vegetable- and terrestrial animal-origin alternatives lack LC-PUFAs, which are physiologically important nutrients for all fish, and considered essential fatty acids for carnivorous species. When fish oil is spared or replaced by alternative lipids fish survival, growth performance, and fish health are commonly impaired if adequate levels of essential fatty acids are not provided within feeds. Additionally, fish oil sparing typically distorts fillet fatty acid profile and associated nutritional value compared to a fish oil-based diet reflecting the composition of the alternative lipid used. It is clear that to address the fish oil bottleneck in aquafeed manufacturing, researchers must understand the essential fatty acid requirements of the key commercial fish species. Fatty acid essentiality in fish has been investigated, and there is preliminary evidence that not all LC-PUFAs may be equally required, with DHA being more important, and EPA being more expendable. Whereas ARA has not been investigated in the same extent as n-3 LC-PUFAs. Additionally, certain fatty acids groupings such as saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) may influence LC-PUFAs bioavailability, and in some cases maintain or enhance LC-PUFAs deposition. The current dissertation sought to provide new knowledge regarding LC-PUFA requirements of marine carnivorous fish (White Seabass Atractoscion nobilis, California Yellowtail Seriola dorsalis and Florida Pompano Trachinotus carolinus) in the context of C18 PUFA-rich (i.e. polyunsaturated fatty acid with chain length of 18 carbon atoms) and SFA- and MUFA-rich alternative lipids. Determine if all LC-PUFAs (ARA, EPA, DHA) are equally important in meeting fatty acids requirements and also determine the effects of dietary SFA, MUFA, and C 18 PUFA content in fish oil sparing and tissue deposition of LC-PUFAs. The overall findings highlighted that DHA and ARA appear to be the primary drivers of fatty acid essentiality, whereas EPA is likely required in minor amounts. It was also demonstrated that DHA/EPA ratio had little-to-no effect on fish performance. Additionally, LC-PUFA requirements seem to be more flexible than previously assumed being influenced by dietary fatty acid profile. LC-PUFAs in marine finfish are more bioavailable in the context of SFA-/MUFA-rich alternative lipids, thus, reducing the requirements for these nutrients and allowing the fish’s physiological demand to be met with dietary levels below the minimum levels recommended. Finally, these findings suggest that although marine fish accept a variety of alternative lipids, those rich in SFAs and/or MUFAs seem advantageous in terms of limiting the effects of fish oil sparing on tissue fatty acid profiles.
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Fish written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using the latest research in fish nutrition, this volume revises and combines the 1981 edition on coldwater fish and the 1983 edition on warmwater fish and shellfish. In addition to updating requirements for energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins, this book provides, for the first time, summary tables on nutrient requirements of a variety of fish species, including channel catfish, rainbow trout, Pacific salmon, carp, and tilapia. Tabular data on amino acid requirements of 11 species are also included. Shellfish are not included in this edition because of lack of scientific information.
Download or read book Aquaculture Production Systems written by James H. Tidwell and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-06-26 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquaculture is an increasingly diverse industry with an ever-growing number of species cultured and production systems available to professionals. A basic understanding of production systems is vital to the successful practice of aquaculture. Published with the World Aquaculture Society, Aquaculture Production Systems captures the huge diversity of production systems used in the production of shellfish and finfish in one concise volume that allows the reader to better understand how aquaculture depends upon and interacts with its environment. The systems examined range from low input methods to super-intensive systems. Divided into five sections that each focus on a distinct family of systems, Aquaculture Production Systems serves as an excellent text to those just being introduced to aquaculture as well as being a valuable reference to well-established professionals seeking information on production methods.
Download or read book Fish Oil Replacement and Alternative Lipid Sources in Aquaculture Feeds written by Giovanni M. Turchini and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-07-19 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts are predicting that demand for marine fish oil will soon outstrip supply, creating extreme urgency within the global aquafeed industry to find viable alternatives. Fish Oil Replacement and Alternative Lipid Sources in Aquaculture Feeds is the first comprehensive review of this multifaceted, complex issue. It also addresses the crucial quest
Download or read book Field Guide to the Living Marine Resources of Namibia written by G. Bianchi and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1999 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide is a tool for identifying the major resource groups likely to be encountered in the fisheries of Namibia. The introduction outlines the geographical, environmental and ecological factors influencing fisheries and the basic components of the fisheries of Namibia. Each resource group includes general remarks, an introduction to the technical terms and measurements pertinent to that group and a guide to species likely to be encountered in fisheries. Each species account provides scientific nomenclature; FAO common names, sizes notes on fisheries, habitat and biology, diagnostic features and illustrations. A pictorial index ; and some colour photographs of fishes caught mostly by trawl are included
Download or read book Lipids in Aquatic Ecosystems written by Michael T. Arts and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-12 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence now suggests that the roles of essential fatty acids as growth promoters and as indices of health and nutrition are fundamentally similar in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Lipids in Aquatic Ecosystems integrates this divergent literature into a coordinated, digestible form. Chapters are organized so as to discuss and synthesize the flow of lipids from lower to higher trophic levels, up to and including humans. Linkages between the production, distribution and pathways of these essential compounds within the various levels of the aquatic food webs, and their ultimate uptake by humans and other terrestrial organisms, are highlighted throughout the book. This book will be of interest to researchers and resource managers working with aquatic ecosystems.
Download or read book A Guide to the Study of Fishes written by David Starr Jordan and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-09-20 with total page 713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reproduction of the original: A Guide to the Study of Fishes by David Starr Jordan
Download or read book Feeding Strategies to Improve Sustainability and Welfare in Animal Production written by Fulvia Bovera and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-23 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the scientific contributions published within the Animals topical collection “Feeding Strategies to Improve Sustainability and Welfare in Animal Production”. Originally a Special Issue, it has turned into a permanent collection, with its first article being published in July 2019 and more than 30 published articles a year later: evidence of the great interest from the scientific community regarding the topics addressed. The articles, which are grouped by species (poultry, ruminants, pigs, etc.) and by topic, deal with a wide range of arguments that, first of all, highlight the extraordinary complexity and diversity that exists in the animal production sector, and then, the great influence that nutrition and feeding can have in terms of optimizing the use of environmental resources and improving the welfare of farmed animals. In addition, all this is closely connected with the urgent need to safeguard the resources of the planet on which we live.
Download or read book Field Identification Guide to the Living Marine Resources of Pakistan written by Peter Nick Psomadakis and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Translation Series Bureau of Commercial Fisheries written by United States. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Feed and Feeding Practices in Aquaculture written by D. Allen Davis and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-05-28 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Feed and Feeding Practices in Aquaculture, Second Edition continues to play an important role in the successful production of fish and other seafood for human consumption. This is an excellent resource for understanding the key properties of feeds for aquaculture, advances in feed formulation and manufacturing techniques, and the practicalities of feeding systems and strategies. Many new updates have been integrated to reflect recent advances within the market, including special emphasis on up-and-coming trends and new technologies on monitoring fish feeding patterns, making this book useful for anyone working in R&D in the production of feed, as well as nutritionists, farm owners and technicians, and academics/postgraduate students with a research interest in the area. Includes new research information on using feed to enhance the sensory qualities of fish Presents the latest research in aquafeed and processing Provides the latest information on regulatory issues regarding feed and fish health
Download or read book Meal Management written by Faye Kinder and published by . This book was released on 1984-01-01 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-05-25 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquaculture now supplies half of the seafood and fisheries products consumed worldwide and is gaining international significance as a source of food and income. Future demands for seafood and fisheries products can only be met by expanded aquaculture production. Such production will likely become more intensive and will depend increasingly on nutritious and efficient aquaculture feeds containing ingredients from sustainable sources. To meet this challenge, Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp provides a comprehensive summary of current knowledge about nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp and supporting nutritional science. This edition incorporates new material and significant updates to information in the 1993 edition. It also examines the practical aspects of feeding of fish and shrimp. Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp will be a key resource for everyone involved in aquaculture and for others responsible for the feeding and care of fish and shrimp. It will also aid scientists in developing new and improved approaches to satisfy the demands of the growing aquaculture industry.
Download or read book Handbook of Nutrient Requirements of Finfish 1991 written by Robert P. Wilson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-of-a-kind book for researchers interested in finfish nutrition Handbook of Nutrient Requirements of Finfish provides a summary of qualitative and quantitative nutrient requirements for almost all cultured finfish for which a significant amount of nutritional information now exists. Information is presented by species and includes how each species is cultured, an index of production, regional locations where each species is being cultured, examples of purified or test diets and special conditions required for laboratory studies, nutrient requirements and practical diet formulation. Discussions of special diets and feeding practices are included for certain species. This book will be a useful guide for students, researchers, practicing nutritionists, aquaculturists, and feed manufacturers interested in fish nutrition.
