Download or read book Fish holding associated Stress in Sacramento River Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha at South Delta Fish Salvage Operations written by Donald Edward Portz and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biology of Stress in Fish written by Carl B. Schreck and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-11-01 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology of Stress in Fish: Fish Physiology provides a general understanding on the topic of stress biology, including most of the recent advances in the field. The book starts with a general discussion of stress, providing answers to issues such as its definition, the nature of the physiological stress response, and the factors that affect the stress response. It also considers the biotic and abiotic factors that cause variation in the stress response, how the stress response is generated and controlled, its effect on physiological and organismic function and performance, and applied assessment of stress, animal welfare, and stress as related to model species. Provides the definitive reference on stress in fish as written by world-renowned experts in the field Includes the most recent advances and up-to-date thinking about the causes of stress in fish, their implications, and how to minimize the negative effects Considers the biotic and abiotic factors that cause variation in the stress response

Download or read book Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 2014-05 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Recovery Plan for the Sacramento San Joaquin Delta Native Fishes written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Straying of Late Fall run Chinook Salmon from the Coleman National Fish Hatchery Into the Lower American River California written by Gina R. Lasko and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are generally anadromous fishes that spawn in fresh water. When young salmon have grown and matured to what is called the smolt stage (ocean ready), they move into the ocean to mature and grow into adulthood. When they have reached sexual maturity, they return to fresh water to spawn and then die. Salmon typically home to their natal streams when returning to fresh water to spawn. Straying, however, is a natural behavior for a small fraction of individuals in a population, and may even have an adaptive advantage under some circumstances. Straying can also occur as a result of various factors including natural habitat disruption, modification of the watershed, or human intervention in salmonid reproduction. In the winter of 2006/2007, tens of thousands of late-fall-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) reared in the Coleman National Fish Hatchery, a US Fish and Wildlife Service facility on Battle Creek in the upper Sacramento River basin, were released at several downstream locations as part of a Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta survival study. Two years later, in the winter of 2008/2009, at the end of the annual Department of Fish and Game lower American River escapement survey for fall-run Chinook salmon, a new pulse of fish was found to be spawning in the American River. These fish turned out to be stray late-fall-run Chinook salmon from the Coleman National Fish Hatchery, spawning in the American River where the fall-run Chinook salmon were completing their spawning run. Late-fall-run Chinook salmon have not been known to spawn in the American River and understanding the reason for this unusual behavior was the basis for this project. Currently the only run of Chinook salmon in the lower American River is the fall-run. The Department does not want late-fall-run Chinook salmon to establish themselves in the river because of potential disruption of fall-run Chinook salmon nest success due to an overlap in run timing, potential interbreeding, and limited available spawning habitat. This study was based on the hypothesis that salmon released in close proximity to the mouth of the American River are more likely to stray into the river during their return spawning migration than fish released farther from the river's mouth. Coded-wire tag inland return data from for the 2006 brood year of late-fall-run Chinook collected from 2007/2008 through 2010/2011 were used for this study. The tags were collected primarily from salmon found during river escapement surveys and those that returned to hatcheries in the Sacramento River watershed. The return data were analyzed using Chi-square statistical analyses to determine if there was a difference in the number of salmon straying into the American River with respect to the distance they were released from the mouth of that river, and a Spearman noncollated rank analysis was used to describe the overall relationship between release distance from the American River and percent straying into the river. Results indicated that straying did increase with proximity of release location to the mouth of the American River and with respect to downstream releases in general. No salmon released in the vicinity of the Coleman National Fish Hatchery were recovered in the lower American River. This study indicates that release location should be carefully evaluated if future downstream releases are conducted by Sacramento River watershed hatcheries.

Download or read book Status Report written by California. Department of Fish and Game and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cool Pathogen Free Refuge Lowers Pathogen Associated Prespawn Mortality of Willamette River Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha written by Susan Eileen Benda and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spring Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, are transported above dams in the Willamette River to provide access to blocked spawning habitat. However, 30-95% of these transplants may die before spawning in some years. To varying degrees, salmon in other tributaries--both blocked and unblocked--have similar prespawn mortality (PSM). Our study determined if holding in constant temperature, pathogen free conditions prior to spawning increased survival to spawn. In addition, we evaluated pathogens as a potential cause of PSM. Adult Chinook were captured early and late in the season from the lower Willamette River and from upper river tributaries and held in constant, cool temperature (13 °C), pathogen-free water at Oregon State University. Additional fish were sampled at time of transport from each of the collection sites. Finally, recent mortalities were collected from river surveys on holding and spawning reaches above traps. Necropsies were performed on all fish, and samples were processed for histology. Held fish were spawned to determine if progeny were viable. Held fish were less likely to be a PSM than fish that were outplanted to the river. However, bacterial infections were more prevalent in held fish than outplanted fish. Consistent with these observations, PSM in held fish was more likely to have higher burdens of pathogens than spawned fish. Held spawned fish were more likely to have Myxobolus sp. brain infections and less likely to be infected with the kidney myxozoan Parvicapusla minibicornis than spawned outplanted fish. The equal likelihood of other pathogens for held and outplanted spawned fish suggests interactive effects determine survival and that holding at 13 °C prevented expression of lethal pathogenesis. Progeny of held fish from all locations and collection dates were viable. Overall, holding could be a viable method to reduce PSM, but issues of transport stress, proliferative disease such as those caused by bacteria, and antibiotics remain.

Download or read book Development of an Effective Transport Media for Juvenile Spring Chinook Salmon to Mitigate Stress and Improve Smolt Survival During Columbia River Fish Hauling Operations 1985 Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selected transport media consisting of mineral salt additions (Na, Cl−, Ca/sup + +/, PO4−3, HCO3−, and Mg/sup + +/), mineral salts plus tranquilizing concentrations of tricaine methane sulfonate (MS-222), or MS-222 alone were tested for their ability to mitigate stress and increase smolt survival during single and mixed species hauling of Columbia River spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri). Successful stress mitigation was afforded by several formulations as indicated by protection against life-threatening osmoregulatory and other physiological dysfunctions, and against immediate and delayed hauling mortality. Effects on the seawater survival and growth of smolts hauled in transport media were used as the overall criterion of success. Of the fourteen chemical formulations tested, 10 ppM MS-222 emerged as top-rated in terms of ability to mitigate physiological stress during single and mixed species transport of juvenile spring chinook salmon at hauling densities of 0.5 or 1.0 lb/gallon. Immediate and delayed mortalities from hauling stress were also reduced, but benefits to early marine growth and survival were limited to about the first month in seawater. The two physical factors tested (reduced light intensity and water temperature) were generally less effective than mineral salt additions in mitigating hauling stress, but the degree of protection afforded by reduced light intensity was nevertheless judged to be physiologically beneficial. 36 refs., 1 fig., 19 tabs.

Download or read book Changes in the Swimming Performance Behavior and Physiology of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytcha After Exposure to One Two Or Three Acute Handling Stresses written by Linda A. Sigismondi and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The performance of an organism or organismic subsystem is the result of the interaction between the performance capacity of the system and Its environment. Environmental conditions can stress an organism and thus affect it's performance. In this study, three whole organism performances were examined: critical swimming speed, fatigue time and response time to a sudden bright light. In addition, subsystem performances were examined by measuring changes in hematocrit and plasma levels of cortisol, glucose, lactic acid, osmolarity, sodium and potassium. Performance tests were made on juvenile chinook salmon stressed 0, 1, 2 or 3 times, with 1 or 3 h between stresses, and on fish allowed to recover 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after each level of stress. A stress consisted of holding the fish in a dip net in the air for 30 sec. The physiological responses and the swimming tests were conducted on salt water adapted fish while the behavioral response was measured with fish in fresh water. Plasma levels of cortisol, lactic acid, osmolarity and sodium increased cumulatively following several acute handling stresses spaced I h apart, though each parameter returned to control levels in 6-12 h. Plasma glucose rose significantly by 1 h after the first stress and remained higher than control levels at all levels of stress and through 24 h after stress. Plasma potassium increased initially following one and two stresses, dropped below control levels within 1-6 h after the last stress, and then increased above control levels for the remainder of the 24 h. Following three stresses potassium was lower than controls initially and then was similar to the levels for one and two stresses throughout the rest of the 24 h recovery period. There was a decrease in hematocrit 3-6 h after each level of stress followed by a return to control levels within 12 h of the last stress. Critical swimming speed was measured by increasing the water velocity in a flow-through swim tube and noting the velocity at which each fish stopped swimming. Critical swimming speeds after handling were highly variable and no differences were found between stressed fish and unstressed fish at any level of stress or any recovery time. Fatigue time was measured as the time a fish can maintain position in a swim tube at a given constant water velocity (60 cm/sec). Following each fatigue test, fish were killed and blood samples were obtained. Unlike unstressed fish, which all fatigued within13 min, the times to fatigue of stressed fish varied with some fish fatiguing within a few minutes and some fish swimming the 60 min period. There was a depression in fatigue times immediately following one and three handling stresses spaced 1 h apart. Immediately after two stresses and with all groups given time to recover from stress, fatigue times were similar to or higher than for unstressed fish. Plasma levels of cortisol, glucose, osmolarity and sodium were higher in swimming fish than in non-swimming controls. Plasma concentrations of cortisol, glucose and lactic acid were all highly variable in fish following fatigue and no differences were found betweeen fish handled in a dip net and unhandled fish at any level of stress or any time after stress. Plasma osmolarity and sodium levels in fatigued fish immediately after one stress were higher than levels in unstressed fatigued fish. Plasma potassium was higher in fatigued fish than in unstressed fatigued controls at several time periods after one and three stresses. The behavior test consisted of exposing groups of salmon in fresh water to a sudden bright light and measuring the time it took each fish to reach cover. Unstressed fish reached cover within 15 sec. Stressed fish took longer to reach cover, with the greatest delay immediately after stress and a gradual decrease in response time with recovery from stress. Exposure to two and three consecutive stress with 3 h between stresses increased the response times and the recovery times indicating that the effects of stress were cumulative.

Download or read book Adult Chinook Salmon Heat Stress and Reproductive Consequences in Southcentral Alaska written by Madeline L. Lee and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis explores the causes and potential fitness consequences of heat stress on spawning Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in an era of rapid warming in Alaska. Cook Inlet, Southcentral Alaska, accounts for nearly half of the state’s total sport, personal use, and subsistence harvest of hatchery-produced Chinook salmon. Southcentral Alaska provides an excellent opportunity to understand the potential for hatcheries to interact with climate warming and increasing habitat alteration with human development. The first objective of this thesis is to improve understanding of the factors associated with heat stress responses among and within Chinook salmon populations in relation to water temperatures. Extensive field surveys were conducted on prespawn adult Chinook salmon in two adjacent rivers in Southcentral Alaska to collect a known biomarker heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) as a non-lethal tool for thermal stress quantification. The research team for this study quantified HSP70 abundance in 39 female Chinook salmon of both hatchery and wild origin in the relatively cool, glacial-fed Crooked Creek in 2020 and in 144 wild and hatchery Chinook salmon, majority female, in the warmer groundwater-fed Ninilchik River in 2020 and 2021. We also sampled an additional 130 broodstock Chinook salmon immediately after gamete collection and extended holding in raceways and handling next to the Ninilchik River. To compare HSP70 expression across river populations, rearing conditions, and hatchery broodstock holding, we used generalized additive models that allow for non-linear responses between heat stress and temperature. I, with help of a larger research team, found that Ninilchik River Chinook salmon exhibited lower HSP70 levels at a given temperature than Crooked Creek Chinook salmon, in part challenging the notion that the relatively warm system would result in greater heat stress. We also found a hatchery effect, with wild individuals expressing higher HSP70 than those with hatchery origins from both rivers. Our most prominent and consistent result was a significant difference in HSP70 between the Ninilchik River Chinook salmon that were handled for gamete collection and those that were not, showing that the additional handling for associated hatchery programs in these rivers appears to elevate the HSP70 response without heat stress-inducing temperatures. My second goal is to quantify the impact of heat stress on aspects of reproductive performance. I was able to quantify a prespawn mortality rate in female Chinook salmon as well as calculate an average number of days that wild Chinook salmon spent on the Ninilchik River spawning grounds. I also analyzed reproductive success in the hatchery by associating Ninilchik River Chinook salmon HSP70 levels to their progeny’s egg survival to the eyed stage under controlled conditions. We found that there was no significant relationship between HSP70 concentration and egg survival to the eyed stage. Managers have consistently observed low egg survival of Ninilchik River hatchery fish, and this work suggests temperature effects and heat stress are unlikely to be the primary cause of that mortality. Applied aspects of the work suggest managers should focus efforts on limiting handling and holding stressors while collecting broodstock in the Ninilchik River rather than focusing on temperature per se. While the ultimate consequences of heat stress for the reproductive success of Chinook salmon remain unclear, taken as a whole, this work sheds light on some of the factors that may facilitate or impede adaptive responses to warming conditions by adults of this species.

Download or read book Draft Additional Water Acquisition for Meeting VAMP Flow Objectives 1999 written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biological Opinion that Address the Potential Effects on Sacramento River Winter run Chinook Salmon from the Bureau of Reclamation s Proposed Los Vaqueros Project written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Johnson Creek Artificial Propagation and Enhancement Project Operations and Maintenance Program Brood Year 1998 written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nez Perce Tribe, through funding provided by the Bonneville Power Administration, has implemented a small scale chinook salmon supplementation program on Johnson Creek, a tributary in the South Fork of the Salmon River, Idaho. The Johnson Creek Artificial Propagation Enhancement project was established to enhance the number of threatened Snake River summer chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) returning to Johnson Creek through artificial propagation. Adult chinook salmon collection and spawning began in 1998. A total of 114 fish were collected from Johnson Creek and 54 fish (20 males and 34 females) were retained for Broodstock. All broodstock were transported to Lower Snake River Compensation Plan's South Fork Salmon River adult holding and spawning facility, operated by the Idaho Department of Fish and Game. The remaining 60 fish were released to spawn naturally. An estimated 155,870 eggs from Johnson Creek chinook spawned at the South Fork Salmon River facility were transported to the McCall Fish Hatchery for rearing. Average fecundity for Johnson Creek females was 4,871. Approximately 20,500 eggs from females with high levels of Bacterial Kidney Disease were culled. This, combined with green-egg to eyed-egg survival of 62%, resulted in about 84,000 eyed eggs produced in 1998. Resulting juveniles were reared indoors at the McCall Fish Hatchery in 1999. All of these fish were marked with Coded Wire Tags and Visual Implant Elastomer tags and 8,043 were also PIT tagged. A total of 78,950 smolts were transported from the McCall Fish Hatchery and released directly into Johnson Creek on March 27, 28, 29, and 30, 2000.

Download or read book Out Migration Survival of Wild Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha Smolts from Mill Creek Through the Sacramento River During Drought Conditions written by Jeremy Notch and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once emerged from the gravel after being spawned in natal streams, Chinook salmon spend many months rearing and growing in freshwater before undergoing smoltification and out-migrating to the ocean. This relatively short period of time is considered to be the most vulnerable and dangerous phase in the life cycle of a Pacific salmon. It is during this phase when smolts navigate around many anthropogenic structures and experience environmental stressors while making their way to the ocean. In California's Central Valley, the few remaining wild populations of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) out-migrate through a highly modified riverine and estuary landscape characterized by leveed banks, altered flow and temperature regimes, transformed food webs, and limited floodplain and rearing habitat. Juvenile salmon smolts migrate through these landscapes within a relatively short period of time, requiring them to quickly adapt to changing water conditions and habitat types. Understanding the survival rates of wild smolts from source tributaries to the Pacific Ocean is essential in protecting and restoring these populations from the low abundances currently observed. When faced with drought conditions out-migrating smolts experience low flows, elevated water temperatures and high densities of predators while out-migrating to sea. In order to assess smolt survival during drought conditions in late spring (April-May), 304 wild smolts were acoustically tagged and tracked from Mill Creek (Tehama County) to the Pacific Ocean between 2013 and 2016. Total outmigration survival to the ocean was 0.3% during these years, with only one fish making it to the Golden Gate and the Pacific Ocean. These survival estimates are some of the lowest ever recorded for salmon out-migrating to the Pacific Ocean, with much of the mortality occurring within Mill Creek and the Sacramento River. Cumulative survival through Mill Creek (rkm 452--441) was 68% (+/-12 S.E.), and cumulative survival through the Sacramento River (rkm 441--203) was 7.6% (+/- 16 S.E.) These low survival rates are likely attributed to low flows in Mill Creek and the Sacramento River resulting from critically dry winters between 2013 and 2015, which were reduced even further by water diversions for agriculture in both Mill Creek and the Sacramento River. During periods of higher flow in 2016 survival rates dramatically increased, suggesting that more water in Mill Creek and the Sacramento River is necessary to improve in-river smolt migration survival during the late spring.

Download or read book Chinook Salmon Escapement in the Chena and Salcha Rivers and Coho Salmon Escapement in the Delta Clearwater River 2016 written by Lisa Ann Stuby and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During 2016 the Alaska Department of Fish and Game conducted salmon enumeration projects on the Chena, Salcha, and Delta Clearwater rivers in the Tanana River drainage. Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha escapements for the Chena and Salcha rivers were estimated using tower-counting techniques with the addition of sonar (DIDSON and ARIS) methodology as a secondary means of enumeration when high-water events precluded visual counts. A Bayesian mixture model was used to apportion species from the sonar files. Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch escapement in the Delta Clearwater River was estimated by a visual boat survey at peak escapement. The counting towers operated on 26 June for the Chena River and 26 June-3 July and 11-17 July for the Salcha River until high, muddy water precluded visual counts. Sonars could not be operated due to flooding from 19 July-5 August for the Chena River and during 19-26 July and 31 July-5 August for the Salcha River. A Bayesian hierarchical model was used to estimate salmon abundance for days when the sonars were not operating. Estimated Chinook salmon escapement for the Chena River was 6,665 (SE = 363) and 2,675 (SE = 313) for the Salcha River. Due to flooding and sonar placement, the abundance estimate for the Salcha River represents a minimum. During the carcass surveys 388 and 503 Chinook salmon were collected from the Chena and Salcha rivers respectively to estimate the age, sex, and length composition of the escapement. Dominant age classes were age 1.2 (0.43) for males and age 1.3 (0.14) for females for the Chena River and 1.2 (0.37) for males and age 1.3 (0.17) for females for the Salcha River. Estimated proportion of females was 0.22 (SE = 0.02) and the proportion adjusted for gender-bias was 0.16 (SE = 0.03) for the Chena River and 0.38 (SE = 0.02) and gender-bias adjusted was 0.33 (SE = 0.07) for the Salcha River. Mean length of females in the Chena River escapement was 771 mm and 629 mm for males and the mean length of females in the Salcha River escapement was 746 mm and 631 mm for males. Chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta escapement for the Chena and Salcha rivers was 6,493 (SE = 427) and 2,897 (SE = 177), respectively. Because counting operations ceased during the chum run, these counts were considered incomplete. The peak escapement count of coho salmon escapement in the Delta Clearwater River on 26 October was 6,767.

Download or read book Grande Ronde Endemic Spring Chinook Salmon Supplementation Project Lostine River Operations and Maintenance 2007 Smolt Acclimation and Adult Return Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nez Perce Tribe (NPT), through funding provided by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), has implemented a Chinook salmon supplementation program (250,000 smolts) on the Lostine River, a tributary to the Grande Ronde River of Oregon. The Grande Ronde Endemic Spring Chinook Salmon Supplementation project, which involves supplementation of the Upper Grande Ronde River and Catherine Creek in addition to the Lostine River, was established to prevent extirpation and increase the number of threatened Snake River spring/summer Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) returning to the Grande Ronde River. This report covers the eleventh season (1997-2007) of adult Chinook salmon broodstock collection in the Lostine River and the ninth season (1999-2007) of acclimation of resulting Lostine River progeny. Production of Lostine River spring Chinook salmon smolts currently occurs at Lookingglass Fish Hatchery (LGH). The Lostine River supplementation program utilizes two strategies to obtain egg source for production of smolts for supplementation: captive broodstock and conventional broodstock. The captive broodstock strategy involves (1) capture of natural juvenile spring Chinook salmon smolts from the Lostine River, (2) rearing those to adult and spawning them, and (3) rearing the resultant progeny for eventual acclimation and release back into the Lostine River. The conventional broodstock strategy involves (1) capture of natural and hatchery origin adults returning to the Lostine River, (2) holding those adults and spawning them, and (3) rearing the resultant progeny for acclimation and release back into the Lostine River. This report focuses on (1) the trapping and collection of adult spring Chinook salmon that return to the Lostine River, which provides the broodstock source for the conventional strategy and (2) the acclimation and release of juvenile spring Chinook salmon produced from the captive broodstock and conventional broodstock strategies In 2007, acclimation of Lostine River spring Chinook salmon smolts occurred from 3/5/07 through to 4/17/07 and a total of 230,010 smolts were acclimated and released. These smolts were produced from the brood year (BY) 2005 egg source and included captive brood (24,604) and conventional (205,406) origin smolts that were all progeny of Lostine River spring Chinook salmon. Operation of the Lostine River adult monitoring and collection facility in 2007 began May 14th. The first Chinook was captured on June 2, 2007 and the last Chinook was captured on September 25, 2007. The weir and trap were removed on October 1, 2007. A total of 637 adult Chinook, including jacks, were captured during the season. The composition of the run included 240 natural origin fish and 397 hatchery supplementation fish. There were no identified 'stray' hatchery fish from other programs trapped. Of the fish captured, 41 natural and 81 hatchery supplementation adults were retained for broodstock and transported to LGH for holding and spawning, 403 adult Chinook were passed or transported above the weir to spawn naturally, and only hatchery origin jack Chinook were transported and outplanted in the Wallowa River and Bear Creek in underseeded habitat. Of the 122 adult fish retained for broodstock, 20 natural females and 40 supplementation females were represented in spawning. The eggs from these females produced a total of 267,350 eggs at fertilization. Eye-up was 86.73% which yielded a total of 231,882 conventional program eyed eggs. The fecundity averaged 4,456 eggs per female. These eggs will be incubated and reared at Lookingglass Hatchery until they are smolts in the spring of 2009. Captive brood program eggs/fish will be added to the conventional program eggs to make up the entire juvenile release for the Lostine River program in 2009. Due to the success of the 2007 egg collection, the number of fish produced exceeded program needs and facility capabilities. As a result, there are plans to outplant fry in 2008 and parr in early 2009 to underseeded habitat in the Wallowa River.