Download or read book First Results from a Twenty liter Prototype Dark Matter Detector with Directional Sensitivity written by Jeremy Paul Lopez and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astronomical and cosmological evidence suggests that 27% of the energy content of the universe is in the form of non-baryonic matter referred to as "dark matter." Weakly interacting massive particles have long been considered attractive candidates for this dark matter and can be found in a wide variety of models of physics beyond the Standard Model. The Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber experiment uses low-pressure gas time projection chambers to search for nuclear recoils caused by interactions between nuclei inside a detector and weakly interacting massive particles in the dark matter halo of the Milky Way galaxy. These detectors are also able to reconstruct the directions of these nuclear recoils, allowing for better rejection of possible background events. This thesis describes the design of a small prototype detector and the strategies used by the DMTPC collaboration to reconstruct events, reject backgrounds, and identify nuclear recoil candidate events. It presents the results of several studies aimed at understanding background events in DMTPC detectors. Finally, this work will present the first results from a nuclear recoil search taken with this detector in a surface laboratory at MIT.
Download or read book Prototype Direction Sensitive Solid state Dark Matter Detector written by Misganaw Getaneh and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book First Limit from a Surface Run of a 10 Liter Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber written by Thomas S. Caldwell (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A 10 liter prototype Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber (DMTPC) is operated on the surface of the earth at 75 Torr using carbon-tetrafluoride (CF4) as a target material to obtain a 24.57 gram-day exposure. A limit is set on a likely dark matter candidate, the weakly interacting massive particle. This is the first limit from the DMTPC detector, and the goal is to understand the sensitivity of the detector. In addition, this detector is used to measure the mean energy and attenuation coefficient of electrons propagating in CF4.
Download or read book Directional Dark Matter Searches written by Chamkaur Ghag and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-12 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cold Dark Matter is believed to constitute almost a quarter of the Universe, most likely in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), predicted by supersymmetry. This thesis describes the simulation methods, analysis techniques, and results for the calibration of the DRIFT-IIA directional dark matter detector. This is the first module in an array of gas time projection chambers capable of searching for WIMPs with directional sensitivity, located in the Boulby mine. Future operation, development and expansion of the DRIFT-II array will lead to increased potential for directional dark matter detection.
Download or read book Dark Matter Directionality Revisited with a High Pressure Xenon Gas Detector written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An observation of the anisotropy of dark matter interactions in a direction-sensitive detector would provide decisive evidence for the discovery of galactic dark matter. Directional information would also provide a crucial input to understanding its distribution in the local Universe. Most of the existing directional dark matter detectors utilize particle tracking methods in a low-pressure gas time projection chamber. These low pressure detectors require excessively large volumes in order to be competitive in the search for physics beyond the current limit. In order to avoid these volume limitations, we consider a novel proposal, which exploits a columnar recombination effect in a high-pressure gas time projection chamber. The ratio of scintillation to ionization signals observed in the detector carries the angular information of the particle interactions. In this paper, we investigate the sensitivity of a future directional detector focused on the proposed high-pressure Xenon gas time projection chamber. We study the prospect of detecting an anisotropy in the dark matter velocity distribution. We find that tens of events are needed to exclude an isotropic distribution of dark matter interactions at 95% confidence level in the most optimistic case with head-to-tail information. However, one needs at least 10-20 times more events without head-to-tail information for light dark matter below ~50 GeV. For an intermediate mass range, we find it challenging to observe an anisotropy of the dark matter distribution. Our results also show that the directional information significantly improves precision measurements of dark matter mass and the elastic scattering cross section for a heavy dark matter.
Download or read book Particle Detectors written by Hermann Kolanoski and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 949 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the fundamentals of particle detectors as well as their applications. Detector development is an important part of nuclear, particle and astroparticle physics, and through its applications in radiation imaging, it paves the way for advancements in the biomedical and materials sciences. Knowledge in detector physics is one of the required skills of an experimental physicist in these fields. The breadth of knowledge required for detector development comprises many areas of physics and technology, starting from interactions of particles with matter, gas- and solid-state physics, over charge transport and signal development, to elements of microelectronics. The book's aim is to describe the fundamentals of detectors and their different variants and implementations as clearly as possible and as deeply as needed for a thorough understanding. While this comprehensive opus contains all the materials taught in experimental particle physics lectures or modules addressing detector physics at the Master's level, it also goes well beyond these basic requirements. This is an essential text for students who want to deepen their knowledge in this field. It is also a highly useful guide for lecturers and scientists looking for a starting point for detector development work.
Download or read book Particle Detection with Drift Chambers written by Walter Blum and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study edition of Blum and Rolandi's successful book addresses those students who want to begin to understand particle detection and drift chambers, by providing a solid foundation for judging the achievable accuracy for coordinate and ionization measurements. It covers topics such as gas ionization by particles and by laser rays; the drift of electrons and ions in gases; electrostatics of wire grids and field cages; amplification of ionization; creation of the signal track parameters and their errors; ion gates; particle identification by measurement of ionization; existing chambers; drift chamber gas. The topics are treated in a text-book style with many figures, together with explicitly performed calculations.
Download or read book The Large Hadron Collider written by Lyndon R. Evans and published by EPFL Press. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the technology and engineering of the Large Hadron collider (LHC), one of the greatest scientific marvels of this young 21st century. This book traces the feat of its construction, written by the head scientists involved, placed into the context of the scientific goals and principles.
Download or read book Astroparticle Physics written by Claus Grupen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-27 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the branch of astronomy in which processes in the universe are investigated with experimental methods employed in particle-physics experiments. After a historical introduction the basics of elementary particles, Explains particle interactions and the relevant detection techniques, while modern aspects of astroparticle physics are described in a chapter on cosmology. Provides an orientation in the field of astroparticle physics that many beginners might seek and appreciate because the underlying physics fundamentals are presented with little mathematics, and the results are illustrated by many diagrams. Readers have a chance to enter this field of astronomy with a book that closes the gap between expert and popular level.
Download or read book Physics Division Annual Report written by Argonne National Laboratory. Physics Division and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Large Hadron Collider written by Lyndon Evans and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-08-27 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific understanding of fluid flow in rock fracturesâ€"a process underlying contemporary earth science problems from the search for petroleum to the controversy over nuclear waste storageâ€"has grown significantly in the past 20 years. This volume presents a comprehensive report on the state of the field, with an interdisciplinary viewpoint, case studies of fracture sites, illustrations, conclusions, and research recommendations. The book addresses these questions: How can fractures that are significant hydraulic conductors be identified, located, and characterized? How do flow and transport occur in fracture systems? How can changes in fracture systems be predicted and controlled? Among other topics, the committee provides a geomechanical understanding of fracture formation, reviews methods for detecting subsurface fractures, and looks at the use of hydraulic and tracer tests to investigate fluid flow. The volume examines the state of conceptual and mathematical modeling, and it provides a useful framework for understanding the complexity of fracture changes that occur during fluid pumping and other engineering practices. With a practical and multidisciplinary outlook, this volume will be welcomed by geologists, petroleum geologists, geoengineers, geophysicists, hydrologists, researchers, educators and students in these fields, and public officials involved in geological projects.
Download or read book Vehicle Propulsion Systems written by Lino Guzzella and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-21 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors of this text have written a comprehensive introduction to the modeling and optimization problems encountered when designing new propulsion systems for passenger cars. It is intended for persons interested in the analysis and optimization of vehicle propulsion systems. Its focus is on the control-oriented mathematical description of the physical processes and on the model-based optimization of the system structure and of the supervisory control algorithms.
Download or read book Introduction to Particle and Astroparticle Physics written by Alessandro De Angelis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-05 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, written by researchers who had been professionals in accelerator physics before becoming leaders of groups in astroparticle physics, introduces both fields in a balanced and elementary way, requiring only a basic knowledge of quantum mechanics on the part of the reader. The new profile of scientists in fundamental physics ideally involves the merging of knowledge in astroparticle and particle physics, but the duration of modern experiments is such that people cannot simultaneously be practitioners in both. Introduction to Particle and Astroparticle Physics is designed to bridge the gap between the fields. It can be used as a self-training book, a consultation book, or a textbook providing a “modern” approach to particles and fundamental interactions.
Download or read book Particle Dark Matter written by Gianfranco Bertone and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 763 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the dark matter problem in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology for graduate students and researchers.
Download or read book MRI from Picture to Proton written by Donald W. McRobbie and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-13 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MR is a powerful modality. At its most advanced, it can be used not just to image anatomy and pathology, but to investigate organ function, to probe in vivo chemistry, and even to visualise the brain thinking. However, clinicians, technologists and scientists struggle with the study of the subject. The result is sometimes an obscurity of understanding, or a dilution of scientific truth, resulting in misconceptions. This is why MRI from Picture to Proton has achieved its reputation for practical clarity. MR is introduced as a tool, with coverage starting from the images, equipment and scanning protocols and traced back towards the underlying physics theory. With new content on quantitative MRI, MR safety, multi-band excitation, Dixon imaging, MR elastography and advanced pulse sequences, and with additional supportive materials available on the book's website, this new edition is completely revised and updated to reflect the best use of modern MR technology.
Download or read book Axions written by Markus Kuster and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Axions are peculiar hypothetical particles that could both solve the CP problem of quantum chromodynamics and at the same time account for the dark matter of the universe. Based on a series of lectures by world experts in this field held at CERN (Geneva), this volume provides a pedagogical introduction to the theory, cosmology and astrophysics of these fascinating particles and gives an up-to-date account of the status and prospect of ongoing and planned experimental searches.
