Download or read book First Order Ozone Impact of a Fleet of Supersonic Business Jets SSBJs written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Parametric Analyses of Potential Effects on Stratospheric and Tropospheric Ozone Chemistry by a Fleet of Supersonic Business Jets Projected in A 2020 written by M. Dutta and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A class of new supersonic aircraft for business purposes is currently under consideration for use starting around 2015 to 2020. These aircraft, which can accommodate about 12 to 13 passengers, will fly at a speed of Mach 1.6 to 2 and are commonly termed as Supersonic Business Jets (SSBJs). A critical issue that needs to be addressed during the conception phase of such aircraft is the potential impact of emissions from such aircraft on the atmosphere especially on stratospheric ozone. Although these SSBJs will be much smaller in size and will have smaller engines than the hypothetical fleets of commercial passenger High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) aircraft that we have studied previously, they will still emit nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor (H2O) and sulfur, the latter if it is still in the fuel. Thus, it is important to design these SSBJs in a manner so that a projected fleet of these aircraft will not have a significant effect on ozone or on climate. This report analyzes the potential impact of a fleet of SSBJs in a set of parametric analyses that examine the envelope of potential effects on ozone over a range of total fuel burns, emission indices of nitrogen oxides (E.I.(NOx)), and cruise altitudes, using the current version of the UIUC zonally-averaged two-dimensional model of the global atmosphere.

Download or read book Parametric Analyses of Potential Effects on Stratospheric and Tropospheric Ozone Chemistry by a Fleet of Supersonic Business Jets Projected in a 2020 Atmosphere written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-21 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A class of new supersonic aircraft for business purposes is currently under consideration for use starting around 2015 to 2020. These aircraft, which can accommodate about 12 to 13 passengers, will fly at a speed of Mach 1.6 to 2 and are commonly termed as Supersonic Business Jets (SSBJs). A critical issue that needs to be addressed during the conception phase of such aircraft is the potential impact of emissions from such aircraft on the atmosphere especially on stratospheric ozone. Although these SSBJs will be much smaller in size and will have smaller engines than the hypothetical fleets of commercial passenger High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) aircraft that we have studied previously, they will still emit nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor (H2O) and sulfur, the latter if it is still in the fuel. Thus, it is important to design these SSBJs in a manner so that a projected fleet of these aircraft will not have a significant effect on ozone or on climate. This report analyzes the potential impact of a fleet of SSBJs in a set of parametric analyses that examine the envelope of potential effects on ozone over a range of total fuel burns, emission indices of nitrogen oxides (E.I.(NOx)), and cruise altitudes, using the current version of the UIUC zonally-averaged two-dimensional model of the global atmosphere. Wey, Chowen (Technical Monitor) and Dutta, M. and Patten, K. and Wuebbles, D. Glenn Research Center NASA/CR-2004-213306, E-14753

Download or read book Innovation in Aeronautics written by T Young and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-06-22 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovation in aerospace design and engineering is essential to meet the many challenges facing this sector. Innovation in aeronautics explores both a range of innovative ideas and how the process of innovation itself can be effectively managed. After an introduction to innovation in aeronautics, part one reviews developments including biologically-inspired technologies, morphing aerodynamic concepts, jet engine design drivers, and developments underpinned by digital technologies. The environment and human factors in innovation are also explored as are trends in supersonic passenger air travel. Part two goes on to examine change and the processes and management involved in innovative technology development. Challenges faced in aeronautical production are the focus of part three, which reviews topics such as intellectual property and patents, risk mitigation and the use of lean engineering. Finally, part four examines key issues in what makes for successful innovation in this sector. With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Innovation in aeronautics is an essential guide for all those involved in the design and engineering of aerospace structures and systems. Explores a range of innovative aerospace design ideas Discusses how the process of innovation itself can be effectively managed Reviews developments including biologically-inspired technologies, morphing aerodynamic concepts, jet engine design drivers and developments underpinned by digital technologies

Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Subsonic versus Supersonic Business Jets Full Concept Comparison considering Technical Environmental and Economic Aspects written by Michael Hans-Reichel and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2012-01-19 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Introduction: On the 26th of August 2010 the new ultra-large-cabin ultra-long-range Gulfstream G650 business jet reached Mach 0.995 during its flight test campaign (1). This is almost the speed of sound (Mach 1) and inspires one to say, why not fly faster than the speed of sound! Reduce travelling time in the commercial business aviation segment. This is, however not a completely new vision. Many companies and research facilities have already spent a lot of time and investment in studies to investigate the feasibility of supersonic flight. Entry Into Service (EIS) for the new Gulfstream G650 is scheduled for 2012. In the following the main performance parameter of the G650 aircraft will be summarised. The parameters range, cruise speed, MTOW, etc. have been selected and serve as a basis to allow an appropriate comparison between the G650 as the latest high end Subsonic Business Jet and potential in future Supersonic Business Jets (SSBJ) within this subject Master Thesis. With the impressive maximum range of nearly 13,000 km the G650 can connect Dubai with New York or London with Buenos Aires within almost 14 hours. Maximum Range @ Normal Cruise Speed: 7,000 nm/12,964 km. Normal Cruise Speed Mach: 0.85/904 km/h. Mmo (Maximum Operating Mach Number): Mach 0.925. Maximum Cruise Altitude: 51,000 ft/15,545 m. Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW): 99,600 lb/45,178 kg. Maximum Fuel Weight: 44,200 lb/20,049 kg. Passengers: 11 18. Price: appr. 60-70 million USD. Gulfstream business rival Bombardier Aerospace also announced in October 2010 two new high end models, the Global 7000 and 8000 with a maximum range of 7,300 nm (13,520 km) and 7,900 nm (14,631 km) at cruise speed Mach 0.85. Entry Into Service is scheduled for 2016 (Global 7000) and 2017 (Global 8000). A comprehensive overview of business jets in service and in development is given in attachment 13.1. A Supersonic Business Jet flying at Mach 2 cruise speed could virtually halve the travelling time, which would enormously enhance the mobility and flexibility. In order to achieve this ambition a paradigm shift is required. New technologies must be established, the impact on the environment must be understood and minimised, existing regulations must be changed to permit overland flight restrictions and the product still needs to be economically viable. All of the above aspects must be considered and will be subject for discussion within this Master Thesis (See also figure [...]

Download or read book Future Aircraft and Potential Effects on Stratospheric Ozone and Climate written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study is to extend the recent research examining the global environmental effects from potential fleets of subsonic and supersonic commercial aircraft. Initial studies with LLNL models of global atmospheric chemical, radiative, and transport processes have indicated that substantial decreases in stratospheric ozone concentrations could result from emissions of NO(subscript x) from aircraft flying in the stratosphere, depending on fleet size and magnitude of the engine emissions. These studies used homogeneous chemical reaction rates (e.g. gas-phase chemistry). Recent evidence indicates that reactions on particles in the stratosphere may be important. Heterogeneous chemical reactions, for instance, N2O5and ClONO2 on background sulfuric acid aerosols, convert NO(subscript x)(NO and NO2) molecules to HNO3. This decreases the odd oxygen loss from the NO(subscript x) catalytic cycle and increases the odd oxygen loss from the Cl(subscript x) catalytic cycle. By including these heterogeneous reactions in the LLNL model, the relative partitioning of odd oxygen loss between these two families changes, with the result that emissions of NO(subscript x) from proposed aircraft fleets flying in the stratosphere now increase zone. Having these heterogeneous processes present also increases ozone concentration in the troposphere relative to gas-phase only chemistry calculations for emissions of NO(subscript x) from subsonic aircraft. 26 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.

Download or read book Potential Environmental Effects of Aircraft Emissions written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An assessment is provided of the potential environmental effects of fleets of subsonic, supersonic, and hypersonic aircraft. A general discussion of photochemical and transport modeling techniques is included along with a description of the LLL one-dimensional transport-kinetics model that was used in the assessment. Model simulations of the natural and perturbed stratosphere are used to compare theory with observations as a means of verification of model processes. A review is provided of engine emission indexes and 1990 fleet projections. Assessments of the potential effects of subsonic and supersonic aircraft fleets indicate a small increase in total ozone. However, the change in total ozone is the net difference between regions of ozone increase (in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere) and ozone decrease (in the upper stratosphere). The percent change in the local ozone concentration is much larger than the change in total ozone. The effect of a proposed hydrogen fueled hypersonic transport fleet is a small reduction in total ozone. A study is made of the effect on these results of uncertainties in chemical rate coefficients, speculative chemical reactions, temperature feedback, hydrostatic adjustment, and various model parameters. The potential effect on ozone of aircraft emissions is compared with potential changes due to other anthropogenic perturbations. (Author).

Download or read book Human Health Effects of Ozone Depletion from Stratospheric Aircraft written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-15 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents EPA's initial response to NASA's request to advise on potential environmental policy issues associated with the future development of supersonic flight technologies. Consistent with the scope of the study to which NASA and EPA agreed, EPA has evaluated only the environmental concerns related to the stratospheric ozone impacts of a hypothetical HSCT fleet, although recent research indicates that a fleet of HSCT is predicted to contribute to climate warming as well. This report also briefly describes the international and domestic institutional frameworks established to address stratospheric ozone depletion, as well as those established to control pollution from aircraft engine exhaust emissions. Wey, Chowen (Technical Monitor) Glenn Research Center NASA Order C-30039-J; EPA-80938647; RTOP 714-01-20

Download or read book Model Assessment of the Impact on Ozone of Subsonic and Supersonic Aircraft written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-03 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the final report for work performed between June 1999 through May 2000. The work represents continuation of the previous contract which encompasses five areas: (1) continued refinements and applications of the 2-D chemistry-transport model (CTM) to assess the ozone effects from aircraft operation in the stratosphere; (2) studying the mechanisms that determine the evolution of the sulfur species in the aircraft plume and how such mechanisms affect the way aircraft sulfur emissions should be introduced into global models; (3) the development of diagnostics in the AER 3-wave interactive model to assess the importance of the dynamics feedback and zonal asymmetry in model prediction of ozone response to aircraft operation; (4) the development of a chemistry parameterization scheme in support of the global modeling initiative (GMI); and (5) providing assessment results for preparation of national and international reports which include the "Aviation and the Global Atmosphere" prepared by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, "Assessment of the effects of high-speed aircraft in the stratosphere: 1998" by NASA, and the "Model and Measurements Intercomparison II" by NASA. Part of the work was reported in the final report. We participated in the SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) campaign and we continue with our analyses of the data.Ko, Malcolm and Weisenstein, Debra and Danilin, Michael and Scott, Courtney and Shia, Run-LieGoddard Space Flight CenterCLIMATE CHANGE; DIAGNOSIS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; OZONE; PARAMETERIZATION; TWO DIMENSIONAL MODELS; ASYMMETRY; FEEDBACK; FLIGHT OPERATIONS; LOSSES; PLUMES; STRATOSPHERE; SULFUR; SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT

Download or read book Effects of Supersonic Aircraft Emissions on Stratospheric Ozone Represented in a One dimensional Model written by Emily Kate Schendel and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quieting the Boom written by Lawrence R. Benson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Air Engine written by Allan J. Organ and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-08-28 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two centuries after the original invention, the Stirling engine is now a commercial reality as the core component of domestic CHP (combined heat and power) – a technology offering substantial savings in raw energy utilization relative to centralized power generation. The threat of climate change requires a net reduction in hydrocarbon consumption and in emissions of 'greenhouse' gases whilst sustaining economic growth. Development of technologies such as CHP addresses both these needs. Meeting the challenge involves addressing a range of issues: a long-standing mismatch between inherently favourable internal efficiency and wasteful external heating provision; a dearth of heat transfer and flow data appropriate to the task of first-principles design; the limited rpm capability when operating with air (and nitrogen) as working fluid. All of these matters are explored in depth in The air engine: Stirling cycle power for a sustainable future. The account includes previously unpublished insights into the personality and potential of two related regenerative prime movers - the pressure-wave and thermal-lag engines. Contains previously unpublished insights into the pressure-wave and thermal-lag engines Deals with a technology offering scope for saving energy and reducing harmful emissions without compromising economic growth Identifies and discusses issues of design and their implementation

Download or read book Theory of Aerospace Propulsion written by Pasquale M. Sforza and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2016-08-13 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theory of Aerospace Propulsion, Second Edition, teaches engineering students how to utilize the fundamental principles of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics to analyze aircraft engines, understand the common gas turbine aircraft propulsion systems, be able to determine the applicability of each, perform system studies of aircraft engine systems for specified flight conditions and preliminary aerothermal design of turbomachinery components, and conceive, analyze, and optimize competing preliminary designs for conventional and unconventional missions. This updated edition has been fully revised, with new content, new examples and problems, and improved illustrations to better facilitate learning of key concepts. Includes broader coverage than that found in most other books, including coverage of propellers, nuclear rockets, and space propulsion to allows analysis and design of more types of propulsion systems Provides in-depth, quantitative treatments of the components of jet propulsion engines, including the tools for evaluation and component matching for optimal system performance Contains additional worked examples and progressively challenging end-of- chapter exercises that provide practice for analysis, preliminary design, and systems integration

Download or read book Aeroacoustics of Flight Vehicles written by Harvey H. Hubbard and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Air Transport System written by M Hirst and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-09-24 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major operational elements of the world’s air transport system are examined in this important book, which provides a rare overview and an invaluable single information source to managers in all sectors of the air transport industry.The air transport system considers route structure options in terms of operational impacts and describes the context and boundaries of the industry – the natural, regulatory and operational environments. ‘Systems’ perspectives are introduced to integrate the discussion of aircraft, airlines, airports and airspace issues. The issues faced in ensuring symbiosis of all these elements of the changing scene and the scope for developing balanced strategies to suit all stakeholder requirements are considered in depth to produce a comprehensive text with the potential to influence how well the air transport industry succeeds in meeting its many future challenges. Examines major operational elements of the world's air transport system Considers route structure options in terms of operational impacts Examines the natural, regulatory and operational boundaries of the industry

Download or read book Aeroacoustics of Low Mach Number Flows written by Stewart Glegg and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-02-15 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aeroacoustics of Low Mach Number Flows: Fundamentals, Analysis, and Measurement provides a comprehensive treatment of sound radiation from subsonic flow over moving surfaces, which is the most widespread cause of flow noise in engineering systems. This includes fan noise, rotor noise, wind turbine noise, boundary layer noise, and aircraft noise. Beginning with fluid dynamics, the fundamental equations of aeroacoustics are derived and the key methods of solution are explained, focusing both on the necessary mathematics and physics. Fundamentals of turbulence and turbulent flows, experimental methods and numerous applications are also covered. The book is an ideal source of information on aeroacoustics for researchers and graduate students in engineering, physics, or applied math, as well as for engineers working in this field. Supplementary material for this book is provided by the authors on the website www.aeroacoustics.net. The website provides educational content designed to help students and researchers in understanding some of the principles and applications of aeroacoustics, and includes example problems, data, sample codes, course plans and errata. The website is continuously being reviewed and added to. Explains the key theoretical tools of aeroacoustics, from Lighthill’s analogy to the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings equation Provides detailed coverage of sound from lifting surfaces, boundary layers, rotating blades, ducted fans and more Presents the fundamentals of sound measurement and aeroacoustic wind tunnel testing