Download or read book Fire Behaviour of Beds and Bedding Materials written by W. D. Woolley and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fire tests with measurements of temperatures, radiation levels and smoke production have been carried out using domestic beds fitted with full bedding materials in a full-scale compartment-corridor. The tests have included mattresses made of polyurethane of various types, hair, spring interior and foamed rubber with mattress covers of cotton, flame retarded cotton or proofed nylon. Some tests with hair or glass fibre cloth protective interlinings are also recorded. The study has shown that a rapid development of fire in bed and bedding materials can take place with certain combinations of mattresses and their covers. The type of cover is extremely important in the overall fire development particularly with polyurethane mattresses. A substantial improvement in the fire behaviour of many of the principal types of beds tested can be achieved by a careful selection of bedding materials, such as the type of mattress cover, and in certain cases by the use of protective interlingings.
Download or read book Fire Behavior of Upholstered Furniture and Mattresses written by John Krasny and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-12-05 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The flammability of upholstered furniture is a major concern to engineers and others across a wide swath of organizations. This book was written to provide its audience with the science and engineering needed to better understand the combustibility of the products they manufacture, purchase, and try to extinguish. It addresses the science and engineering information needs of public and private sector fire technology personnel, including fire service students and officers, fire investigators, fire protection engineers, government officials; textile, chemical, and furniture industry personnel, or institutional furniture purchasers.
Download or read book Flammability Assessment Methodology for Mattresses written by John R. Shields and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study addresses the fire behavior of bed assemblies, including a mattress, foundation and bedclothes. The focus is on development and application of a reproducible means of simulating the thermal impact which burning bedclothes materials impose on a mattress. Twelve dtfferent sets of bedclothes were burned on top of an inert mattress to obtain data on heat release rate, flame spread rates and, to a lesser degree, heat flux to nearby objects. Six of these sets were selected for characterization of the heat flux patterns they impose on an inert mattress surface. A unique, infrared imaging technique was developed for this purpose. The results, in terms of peak heat flux, duration and area, were used to develop a pair of propane burners which impose on the side and top of a mattress heat flux patterns which mimic those imposed at a typical, fixed location by burning bedclothes. These burners were applied to a set of five mattress designs, including one typical of current residential mattresses; the four other designs included potentially less flammable design elements to permit a wide range of fire behaviors. This facilitated a broad assessment of the ability of the gas burners to predict the fire behavior of mattresses. The duration of the burner application was varied. Also, as a check on the burner-induced behavior, the same mattress designs were tested with one bedclothes combination. All of the altered designs offered some modification in fire behavior but they differed strongly in overall effect. The effects ranged from a delay in the time to reach an undiminished heat release rate peak to greatly reduced mattress involvement in the fire. The burners successfully predicted the behavior of four of the mattress designs. They failed to predict the fire behavior (with burning bedclothes) of one design since the bedclothes produced a phenomenon (internal overpressurization and seam rupture) which the burners did not produce.
Download or read book Wildland Fire Behaviour written by Mark A. Finney and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2021-11-01 with total page 675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildland fires have an irreplaceable role in sustaining many of our forests, shrublands and grasslands. They can be used as controlled burns or occur as free-burning wildfires, and can sometimes be dangerous and destructive to fauna, human communities and natural resources. Through scientific understanding of their behaviour, we can develop the tools to reliably use and manage fires across landscapes in ways that are compatible with the constraints of modern society while benefiting the ecosystems. The science of wildland fire is incomplete, however. Even the simplest fire behaviours – how fast they spread, how long they burn and how large they get – arise from a dynamical system of physical processes interacting in unexplored ways with heterogeneous biological, ecological and meteorological factors across many scales of time and space. The physics of heat transfer, combustion and ignition, for example, operate in all fires at millimetre and millisecond scales but wildfires can become conflagrations that burn for months and exceed millions of hectares. Wildland Fire Behaviour: Dynamics, Principles and Processes examines what is known and unknown about wildfire behaviours. The authors introduce fire as a dynamical system along with traditional steady-state concepts. They then break down the system into its primary physical components, describe how they depend upon environmental factors, and explore system dynamics by constructing and exercising a nonlinear model. The limits of modelling and knowledge are discussed throughout but emphasised by review of large fire behaviours. Advancing knowledge of fire behaviours will require a multidisciplinary approach and rely on quality measurements from experimental research, as covered in the final chapters.
Download or read book Combustion of mattresses exposed to flaming ignition sources written by Vytenis Babrauskas and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NBSIR written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Flammability Assessment Methodology for Mattresses written by T. J. Ohlemiller and published by . This book was released on 2000-08-01 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study addresses the fire behavior of bed assemblies, including a mattress, foundation & bedclothes. The focus is on development & application of a reproducible means of simulating the thermal impact which burning bedclothes materials impose on a mattress. Chapters include: fire behavior in bedclothes on an inert mattress; measurements of heat flux to an inert mattress; gas burner design & performance; tests of improved mattress technologies; thermal behavior of thin stainless steel foil; & summary of fire behavior of tested mattresses with gas burners & with bedclothes. Photos, charts & tables.
Download or read book An Introduction to Fire Dynamics written by Dougal Drysdale and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-24 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Drysdale's book is by far the most comprehensive - everyone in the office has a copy...now including me. It holds just about everything you need to know about fire science." (Review of An Introduction to Fire Dynamics, 2nd Edition) After 25 years as a bestseller, Dougal Drysdale's classic introduction has been brought up-to-date and expanded to incorporate the latest research and experimental data. Essential reading for all involved in the field from undergraduate and postgraduate students to practising fire safety engineers and fire prevention officers, An Introduction to Fire Dynamics is unique in that it addresses the fundamentals of fire science and fire dynamics, thus providing the scientific background necessary for the development of fire safety engineering as a professional discipline. An Introduction to Fire Dynamics Includes experimental data relevant to the understanding of fire behaviour of materials; Features numerical problems with answers illustrating the quantitative applications of the concepts presented; Extensively course-tested at Worcester Polytechnic Institute and the University of Edinburgh, and widely adopted throughout the world; Will appeal to all those working in fire safety engineering and related disciplines.
Download or read book Fire and Cellular Polymers written by J.M. Buist and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This conference, organised jointly by QMC Wolfson Fire & Materials Centre (Queen Mary College) and the Fire Research Station, held at the Tara Hotel in London, UK, was well attended by a wide range of experts in the production and use of polymer foams. Other experts concerned with research, development, testing, specifying, approving and purchasing products incorporating polymer foams for use in the construction, engineering and furniture industries were also present and contributed to the several valuable discussions on specific topics. The conference was successful and achieved its aim of infonning delegates of the fire characteristics of these materials and how they can be assessed in the light of the latest knowledge and technology. The papers presented a wide-ranging review of the main important cellular polymers and their applications in different environments where fire hazards have been encountered. Delegates accepted that there was a continuing need for major growth in the use of cellular polymers and therefore intensified research into development of improved test procedures, fire retardants and smoke suppressants was required.
Download or read book Plastics written by H. Macskásy and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presented here in detail is a number of generally accepted, standardised inflammability tests. A comprehensive survey of ISO, IEC, ASTN, VL, BS and DIN is given and other standards are also mentioned. The testing of materials, products and full-scale model-testing are described. Furthermore, the book describes methods for reducing the inflammability of plastics, various techniques for fires involving plastics and fire regulations.
Download or read book Assessment of Factors Affecting Fire Performance of Mattresses written by Nist and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-03-07 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth analysis of U.S. residential fire statistics shows that although the total number of fires and deaths due to mattress fires has dropped as a result of several regulatory approaches, the number of deaths per 1000 mattress/bedding fires has increased over past 3 decades. To address the increasing number of deaths due to mattress fires, the open flame mattress flammability regulation (16 CFR 1633) was recently introduced in the U.S. The 16 CFR 1633 prescribes performance standards rather than design standards; this allows manufacturers the flexibility to meet the needs of the consumer without sacrificing fire safety. This flammability regulation for residential mattress has generated much interest in understanding the burning behavior of mattresses as well as in developing new materials for mattress construction. To comply with this regulation, it is essential to understand mattress construction, fire performance testing, factors affecting mattress flammability, and compliance solutions. This report reviews the impact of current mattress flammability standards, examines factors affecting mattress flammability, and reviews full-scale and bench-scale test methods that are being developed for mattresses. The soft materials used in the mattress set, including cushioning materials, fire blocking materials, and tickings, act both individually and collectively to affect the fire performance. The performance of fire barrier materials designed to protect the inner cushioning material from heat and flame is largely dependent on the choice of cushioning material and ticking. When used with an incompatible combination of filling material and ticking, a fire barrier may fail to protect thermal degradation and subsequent burning of filling material. Some of the challenges in designing mattresses have been identified and reported here.
Download or read book Paper Ignition Sources Used to Examine the Fire Behaviour of Seating and Bedding written by A. W. Moulen and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Flammability Testing of Materials Used in Construction Transport and Mining written by Vivek Apte and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-17 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flammability Testing of Materials used in Construction, Transport, and Mining, Second Edition provides an authoritative guide to current best practice in ensuring fire-safe design. The book begins by discussing the fundamentals of flammability, measurement techniques, and the main types of fire tests for various applications. Building on this foundation, a group of chapters then reviews tests for key materials used in the building, transport, and mining sectors. There are chapters on wood products, external cladding, and sandwich panels as well as the flammability of walls and ceilings linings. Tests for upholstered furniture and mattresses, cables, and electrical appliances are also reviewed. A final group of chapters discusses fire tests for the transport sector, including those for railway passenger cars, aircraft, road and rail tunnels, ships, and submarines. There is also a chapter on tests for spontaneous ignition of solid materials. With its distinguished international team of contributors, Flammability Testing of Materials used in Construction, Transport, and Mining is an invaluable reference for fire safety, civil, chemical, mechanical, mining and transport engineers. In this revised edition, the latest information is provided on fire testing of products, systems, components, and materials used across these essential sectors, with all regulations and standards brought up to date. Relays all new developments in fire safety standards, regulations and performance requirements Covers a broad range of infrastructure sectors such as construction, transport, and mining Updated to include cutting-edge fire tests and the latest iteration of standards including ISO, ASTM, and EN
Download or read book Testing of Materials for Fire Protection Needs written by Linda Makovická Osvaldová and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Journal of Fire Flammability written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fire Behavior of Upholstered Furniture written by Vytenis Babrauskas and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Principles of Fire Behavior and Combustion written by Richard Gann and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on 2013-12-03 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the National Fire Academy’s Fire Behavior and Combustion model curriculum. Without a comprehensive grasp of how fires start and spread, informed decisions on how to best control and extinguish fires can not be made. Principles of Fire Behavior and Combustion, Fourth Edition will provide readers with a thorough understanding of the chemical and physical properties of flammable materials and fire, the combustion process, and the latest in suppression and extinguishment. The Fourth Edition of this time-tested resource is the most current and accurate source of fire behavior information available to fire science students and on-the-job fire fighters today.
