Download or read book Finite Element Analysis of Precast Concrete Culverts written by Carole Fouad Faraj and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) reports 230.000 of the 577.000 bridges in the United States as deficient functionally or structurally. The majority of the structurally deficient bridges are short-span, averaging less than 15 m (50 feet) in length. Within the past two decades, prefabricated culverts have become economical alternatives for replacing deteriorating short-span bridges and cast-in-place box culverts. These prefabricated structures include reinforced concrete arches, four-sided and three-sided reinforced concrete culverts, and metal box culverts. The most commonly used type is the precast reinforced concrete culverts due to its durability, minimal field construction time, and favorable cost. Several test programs have concluded that concrete box culverts of standard ASTM C850 are structurally conservative. The strain and deflection data from model testing were found to be in good agreement with field testing of prototypes. Ihe availability of the finite element analysis programs provide the engineer an opportunity to model the actual three-dimensional geometry and boundary conditions more accurately. This research will demonstrate the use of the finite element method in analyzing me structural behavior and stress distribution of four-sided and three-sided concrete box culverts subjected to various highway loadings. A finite element modeling technique will be recommended for use by engineers. The results will assist in modeling and predicting the actual strength and behavior of a particular ASTM C 850 section or a new culvert with larger opening. Thirteen four-sided and three-sided concrete culverts will be idealized using the finite clement structural package SAP90. The following element types will be considered: (a) plate bending and stretching (shell) elements; (b)eight-node brick elements. A mesh sensitivity analysis will be performed to select a proper finite element discretization of the culverts. The culverts will be loaded with AASHTO wheel load including impact effect. Simple supports will be used at the bottom side edges. The maximum deflection in the culvert will be computed as well as the maximum moment in the upper face. The stress distribution will also be investigated. The three-dimensional cases to be analyzed will be compared to the two-dimensional frame analysis approach proposed by AASHTO (1992), and to test results from prototype culverts.
Download or read book Finite Element Analysis of Embedded Precast Concrete Culverts written by Elie Antoine Awwad and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three four-sided box culverts of different span lengths and fixed rise, haunches, wall and slab thicknesses, and width will be considered Every culvert size is analyzed using six different overburden soil covers with lateral and bearing pressures The lateral and bearing pressures are consecutively added to all culverts at later stage for reanalysis The effects of overburden, lateral, and bearing pressures on deflections and positive and negative bending in top slab of culverts are investigated A correspondent plane frame analysis as required by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) is performed The adequacy of A ASHTO plane frame to simulate the actual (3D) Finite element models is investigated.
Download or read book Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Box Culverts written by Pedro D. Vittes and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Performance Evaluation and Finite Element Analysis of Fiber Reinforced Precast Concrete Underground Structures written by Ashley Wilson and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study aimed at evaluating the performance of BASF Synthetic and Steel fibers as alternative reinforcements in concrete pipes. A total of 93 synthetic fiber and 60 steel fiber reinforced pipes were produced and tested based on the ASTM C497 in order to have a benchmark for comparison with conventionally reinforced concrete pipes. Three production sites with different production equipment were used in different geographical locations in the United States. Standard ASTM C76 diameters of up to 36 in. with "Wall-B" and "Wall-C" were used in this study for both synthetic and steel fibers. Vertical and horizontal load-deformation plots for the majority of the pipes were obtained by instrumenting the test pipes with linear variable displacement transducer (LVDT). The load-deformation plots were recorded for up to 5% of the pipe diameter. The load-deformation plots for steel and synthetic fibers were compared with each other. During production, compressive cylinder and beam specimens from the same mix designs were produced and cured for ASTM C39 and ASTM C1609 tests, respectively. A total of 353 cylinders and 77 beams were produced and tested. The ASTM C1609 beam load deformation plots were compared for different fiber dosages and the area under this curve was calculated for each test specimen and modulus of toughness was calculated and documented. The patterns for material law (constitutive relationship) for low and high fiber dosages of both synthetic and steel fibers were identified. From the ASTM C39 and ASTM 1609 tests, a relationship between the tensile strength and square root of compressive strength was established on all the tests conducted. This study showed that the use of BASF synthetic and steel fibers in concrete pipes as alternative reinforcement is feasible. This study recommends the use of synthetic fibers with adequate dosage for up to 21 in. concrete pipes with "B-Walls," and up to 36 in. concrete pipes with "C-Walls." BASF (Maccafferri) steel fiber pipes are recommended as alternative reinforcement with adequate fiber dosage for up to 24 in. concrete pipes with "B-Wall" and up to 36 in. concrete pipes with "C-Walls." It should be noted that proper fiber dosage is a trial and error process based on local aggregate and cementitious materials and the type of production equipment used, which is also the case for the production of the conventionally reinforced concrete pipe.
Download or read book Finite Element Analysis of Precast Concrete Connections written by B.F. Dias and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Finite Element Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Structures Using Post Tensioning Steel written by Yu Huang and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2020-05-28 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book details the theory and applications of finite element (FE) modeling of post-tensioned (PT) concrete structures, and provides the updated MATLAB code (as of 2019). The challenge of modeling PT prestressed concrete structures lies in the treatment of the interface between the concrete and prestressing tendons. Using MATLAB, this study develops an innovative nonlinear FE formulation which incorporates contact techniques and engineering elements to considerably reduce the need of computational power. This FE formulation has the ability to simulate different PT frame systems with fully bonded, fully unbonded or partially bonded tendons, as well as actual sliding behavior and frictional effects in the tendons. It also allows for the accurate simulation of anchor seating loss.
Download or read book Experimental and Finite Element Study of an 18 Foot Span Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert written by Ali Youssef Osman and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Finite Element Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipes and Soil pipe Interaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Finite Element Model for Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe embedded Cylinder Pipe with Experimental Comparison written by Sangit Rauniyar and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP) is a composite pipe that consists of concrete and steel, which has layers of concrete core, steel cylinder, prestressing wire and mortar coating. PCCP is generally constructed of two types; a steel cylinder lined with a concrete core and a steel cylinder embedded in a concrete core. The former type is called PCCP-Lined Cylinder Pipe (PCCP-LCP) and the latter type is called PCCP-Embedded Cylinder Pipe (PCCP-ECP). The scope of this paper is limited to PCCP-ECP. PCCP-ECP is a composite material with complex stress phenomenon due to prestress and interaction between different layers of components. A three dimensional non-linear finite element model is generated by using Abaqus version 6.12-2, a program that is well suited for non-linear finite element modeling, to simulate the real pipe behavior. The PCCP-ECP is modeled by considering the contribution of each components and manufacturing process. The hexahedron mesh, which is popular for accuracy and convergence, is used to model the elements. The simultaneous effect of shrinkage, creep, and relaxation are considered. Negative temperature is applied to simulate the shrinkage and creep of concrete. Also, time dependent property is defined to simulate the relaxation of prestressing wire. Two full scale experiments, three edge bearing tests, were conducted to determine the real ECP behavior. The three edge bearing test was also simulated by using three dimensional non-linear analysis on the modeled PCCP-ECP. The comparison of results obtained from experiment and finite element modeling is done, which shows good agreement between the results. The PCCP-ECP model can be used for analysis for any loading case.
Download or read book Finite Element Analysis of Centrifuged Concrete Culverts written by Yong S. Kim and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study was to develop an improved design tool to better predict the soil-structure interaction of underground protective structures using finite element analysis and centrifuge modeling technology. This study shows that the results obtained from an existing finite element computer code, CANDE, and actual centrifuge behavior is quite favorable. Two soil models, a linear model and Duncan's hyperbolic model, were used to show the influence of constitutive relationships on the overall response of the system. Additional keywords: constitutive equations; CANDE computer program; CANDE (Culvert Analysis and Design); stress strain relations. (Author).
Download or read book Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Pipes written by Husain Mohammad and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-04 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study deals with structural behavior of reinforced concrete pipes under various loading and support conditions by using nonlinear three-dimensional isoparametric 20-node brick elements. the computer program of three dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures, written by Al- Shaarbaf is utilized. The behavior of concrete is investigated by using twenty-node brick elements. The reinforcement bars are idealized as axial members embedded within the brick elements with perfect bond between the concrete and the steel curved bars in a brick element were approximated by straight bars parallel to the main coordinate axes. The behavior of concrete in compression is simulated by an (Elastic- Plastic Work Hardening Model) followed by a perfect plastic response, which is terminated at the onest of crushing. In tension, a smeared crack model with fixed orthogonal cracks has been used with the inclusion of models for the retained post-cracking tensile stress and reduced shear transfer modulus. Loading of the pipes and support conditions were properly considered according to the characteristics of the problem.
Download or read book Structural Evaluation of Three Sided Concrete Culverts written by KM. Tarhini and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three-sided concrete culverts can be used to replace short span bridges and multiple sections (barrels) of four-sided concrete box culverts. ASTM Standards do not specify designs for four-sided concrete box culverts with span lengths exceeding 12 ft (3.6 m) nor do they discuss the three-sided concrete culverts. This paper describes the analysis and design of three-sided flat-top precast reinforced concrete culverts with span length ranging between 14 ft (4 m) and 36 ft (11 m). It was shown that the AASHTO distribution width used in performing plane frame analysis gave similar results to the three-dimensional finite element analysis. Therefore, ten shallow structures were selected for analysis and design. The culverts were subjected to live load plus impact, dead load, and lateral earth pressure. The slab and wall thicknesses were selected so that no shear reinforcement is needed. The ultimate strength design was used to determine main reinforcing steel. AASHTO and ASTM recommendations were used to determine the reinforcing steel in transverse direction.
Download or read book Finite Element Analysis for ASTM C 76 Reinforced Concrete Pipes with Reduced Steel Cage written by Amin Darabnoush Tehrani and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reinforced concrete pipes (RCP) are composite pipes which have been widely used in the industry for more than ten decades. They are generally used for sewerage, water drainage, and industrial waste water. There are two methods for designing the RCP so that it will bear the soil weight and the live load on it: Indirect design (ID) and direct design (DD) methods. ASTM C76 (1) classifies pipes into five categories. The five categories of pipes have been classified in order of ascending pipe diameter with their required load and reinforcement's area. Typically, there are two reinforcement types: circumferential and longitudinal. Circumferential reinforcement is placed in two layers in the thickness of the pipe and the longitudinal reinforcements are placed around the circumferential reinforcements. All these reinforcements are placed in one layer, also known as cages. The task of placing two cages of reinforcement is not only tedious but also time consuming, expensive and sometimes unnecessary, especially for pipe classes III, IV and V. In this study, a three dimensional non-linear finite element modeling has been generated by using Abacus, Version 6.14-3, a program which is well known for non-linear finite element analysis, to simulate real pipe behavior for implementation of single cage instead of double cages reinforcements. Simulations were generated for classes III, IV and V with pipe diameters of 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 in. Pipes were modeled by using three different single-cage reinforcement locations, in addition to the original double cage concrete pipe. After which a total of 80 simulations were conducted in order to compare the difference between the single and double cage behavior. In order to verify the simulations, three ASTM standard Three Edge Bearing tests were performed. Pipes were selected and tested according to ASTM C76 and ASTM C497 standards specifications. The study showed one cage of reinforcements in some pipes, satisfies all the ASTM requirements. Thereby making it possible for manufacturers to produce reinforced concrete pipes with a smaller amount of steel reinforcements per foot.
Download or read book Earth Pressures on Box Section Concrete Culverts Beneath Two Dam Embankments written by P. G. Marchant and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Finite Element Design of Concrete Structures written by Guenter Axel Rombach and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 2004 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Finite Element Design of Concrete Structures: practical problems and their solutions the author addresses this blind belief in computer results by offering a useful critique that important details are overlooked due to the flood of information from the output of computer calculations. Indeed, errors in the numerical model may lead in extreme cases to structural failures as the collapse of the so-called Sleipner platform has demonstrated.
Download or read book CONCRETE PIPE AND THE SOIL STRUCTURE SYSTEM written by SYMPOSIUM ON CONCRETE PIPE AND THE SOIL-STRUCTURE SYSTEM (1976 CHICAGO) AUTOR and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1977 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Concrete Pipe and the Soil structure System written by M. Bealey and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1977 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
