Download or read book Finding of No Significant Impact and Decision for Management of Black Bear Damage to Timber in Western Oregon written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Assessment Managing Black Bear Damage to Timber in Western Oregon written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Timber Damage by Black Bears written by Dale L. Nolte and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes alternative approaches to controlling the damage black bears cause during the spring when they strip bark to eat the newly formed wood underneath. One bear might strip as many as 70 trees in a day. The trees will be damaged and may be killed if the bark is stripped all the way around the tree, girdling it. Bears appear to strip the most vigorous trees, preferring stands that have been thinned, or those where urea fertilizer has been applied. Bears also appear to prefer trees with a high concentration of sugars relative to the concentration of terpenes. Pruning decreases the sugar-to-terpene ratio, reducing the likelihood that trees will be stripped by bears. Bears generally quit stripping trees once other foods become available during the late spring or early summer. One approach to reducing damage has been to provide supplemental feed (pellets resembling dog food) in stands being damaged by bears. In one study, damage was just one-fifth as much in stands with feeders as in stands without feeders. Killing bears in areas where trees are being stripped can also reduce damage. Other approaches, such as relocation, contraception or sterilization, or repellents, are not generally practical for protecting forest plantations.
Download or read book A Multi Spatial Scale Economic Analysis of the Impacts of Bear Damage to Douglas fir on Private Timberlands in the Pacific Northwest written by Kristina N. Kline and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black bears (Ursus americanus) in western Oregon and Washington peel bark from conifers in early spring to forage on the sugar-rich phloem and cambial tissues. This provides important energy at a time when similarly attractive forage is scarce. Bears often damage Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees in stands that are intensively managed for timber production, as management activities including thinning and fertilization increase productivity. Fully girdled trees result in a complete economic loss while partial girdling reduces survival rates as well as merchantable volume. Previous studies on economic impacts have assessed only those losses to fully girdled trees, but not additional impacts from wounded trees. We surveyed four severely damaged stands to assess economic impacts at the stand-level, and surveyed 122 randomly selected vulnerable stands to assess economic impacts at the landscape-level. Two damage scenarios were considered. Scenario one accounted for the additional mortality and volume losses from partially girdled trees, whereas scenario two assumed that all bear-peeled trees resulted in a complete loss. Stand volumes were estimated using the Forest Vegetation Simulator growth and yield model. Economic losses were estimated using the Fuel Reduction Cost Simulator and present value models. At the stand-level, economic losses to severe bear damage in scenario one ranged from $6,100 to $24,500. Economic losses in scenario two ranged from $19,500 to $74,700. Undamaged stands were valued from $43K-$250K. At the landscape level, economic losses to vulnerable stands in scenario one ranged from $44,500 to $726,000. Economic losses in scenario two ranged from $169,000 to $2.8M. Undamaged stands were valued from $48M-$780.5M. Root disease was a more prevalent damage agent than black bear damage. The majority of bear damage observed (92%) was older (>2 yrs) and existed at a low frequency (1.5 bear damaged trees/ha) and severity across the landscape. Our results suggest that bear damage management over the last two decades may have reached a level of efficiency at reducing damage, and if continued, bear damage may remain at low levels across the landscape. On-the-ground monitoring of the status of bear damage frequency and severity across western Oregon and Washington at both the stand and landscape levels will provide an understanding of these changes over time as a result of management decisions.
Download or read book Black Bear Damage to Forest Trees in Northwest Oregon 1988 1989 written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wildlife Habitats in Managed Forests written by Jack Ward Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: That is what this book is about. It is a framework for planning, in which habitat is the key to managing wildlife and making forest managers accountable for their actions. This book is based on the collective knowledge of one group of resource professionals and their understanding about how wildlife relate to forest habitats. And it provides a longoverdue system for considering the impacts of changes in forest structure on all resident wildlife.
Download or read book Black Bear Damage to Forest Trees in Northwest Oregon written by Alan Kanaskie and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bear Depredation written by California. Legislature. Assembly. Interim Committee on Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Black Bear of Washington written by Richard J. Poelker and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This bulletin serves a two-fold purpose. First, it is a final report of the Black Bear Study, Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration (Pittman-Robertson) Project W-71-R. This is a cooperative study begun in 1963 by state, federal and private agencies to investigate the problem of black bear damage to coniferous forests and gain new information with regard to black bear biology and populations. The project became inactive in 1969 with the death of the principal investigator. The project was reactivated in 1973 to allow for consolidation and publication of study findings. The second purpose is to provide persons concerned with black bear a useful and informative guide. Basic information concerning black bear damage to coniferous forests, biology, population and a summary of past and current management in Washington is provided. Hopefully, with this bulletin, the man in the field, whether a forester, a state wildlife agent or other, can find answers to the numerous questions and problems encountered"--Preface.
Download or read book Habitat Utilization and Ecology of the Black Bear in Northern California written by David G. Kelleyhouse and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Black Bear in Modern North America written by Dale A. Burk and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Infanticide Risk and Timber Harvest on American Black Bear Space Use written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Space use is an important aspect of bear ecology that maybe influenced by infanticide risk and timber harvest. I used generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to determine if female American black bear (Ursus americanus) space use was consistent with avoidance behavior to reduce infanticide risk in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan during the 2009-2011 and 2013-2014 breeding seasons. Females with cubs occupied core areas and home ranges of similar size and relative probability of male use to females without cubs. Additionally, females with cubs did not reduce movements during times of day when male movements were greatest. Female black bears may exhibit variation in avoidance behavior based on the occurrence of infanticide. I used GLMM to estimate black bear use of stands harvested for timber production in the Escanaba River State Forest in Michigan during May-October 2009-2011. In general, bears used stands 100 ha more than larger stands, with some gender and seasonal differences. Bears used even-aged stands more than uneven-aged stands and stands 6 years old more than younger stands. However, bear use did not differ between deciduous stands and coniferous stands, or among land cover types except that grass/pasture and open water were avoided. Bear use was greater in areas farther from roads. Managing the amount of black bear resources appears possible by considering the number, size, type, and rotation schedule of timber harvests in deciduous and coniferous forests. However, increased human access resulting from road creation during timber harvest activities may reduce associated benefits."--Abstract.
Download or read book Decision Notice and Finding of No Significant Impact written by Powell Ranger District (Idaho) and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Decision Notice and Finding of No Significant Impact written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bears of the World written by Vincenzo Penteriani and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-30 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bears have fascinated people since ancient times. The relationship between bears and humans dates back thousands of years, during which time we have also competed with bears for shelter and food. In modern times, bears have come under pressure through encroachment on their habitats, climate change, and illegal trade in their body parts, including the Asian bile bear market. The IUCN lists six bears as vulnerable or endangered, and even the least concern species, such as the brown bear, are at risk of extirpation in certain countries. The poaching and international trade of these most threatened populations are prohibited, but still ongoing. Covering all bears species worldwide, this beautifully illustrated volume brings together the contributions of 200 international bear experts on the ecology, conservation status, and management of the Ursidae family. It reveals the fascinating long history of interactions between humans and bears and the threats affecting these charismatic species.
Download or read book Final Environmental Impact Statement written by United States. Bureau of Land Management. Oregon State Office and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Management of wildlife and fish habitats in forests of western Oregon and Washington written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
