Download or read book Fetal Metabolic Programming in Obesity and Diabetes written by Luis Sobrevia and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2025-01-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fetal Metabolic Programming in Obesity and Diabetes: From Mechanisms to Preventive Therapy describes the consequences of cellular and molecular aspects of maternal obesity (before and during pregnancy), diabetes mellitus (pregestational and gestational), and gestational diabesity (i.e. women with pre-pregnancy obesity that developed GDM). The book covers clinical aspects of the mothers and children and protocols for treating these diseases during pregnancy. Since the patients' clinical information correlates with metabolic parameters at a cellular and systemic level, it covers several pieces of evidence addressing the pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes in pregnancy. This is an important resource for health professionals, researchers and postdocs in obesity, diabetes as well as public health, physiology, biochemistry, cell biology, cell physiology, cell metabolism, clinical medicine.

Download or read book Diet Nutrition and Fetal Programming written by Rajkumar Rajendram and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2017-10-13 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers the most comprehensive coverage on fetal programming. Chapters are written by authors of international and national standing, leaders in the field and trendsetters. The clinical relevance of the current research is emphasized in each chapter, which also contains key points, key words, and concise summaries for ease of learning. Fetal programming affects conditions in the immediate postnatal period, as well as in later life and adulthood. These conditions include cardiovascular disease, frank hypertension, stroke, dyslipidemia, coagulopathy, increased insulin resistance-metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, leukemia, testicular cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome, precocious puberty, impaired immune function, renal disease, lung disease, and osteoporosis. Neuropathologies, behavioral and mental deficiencies, schizophrenia, and depression have also been reported in adults who were exposed to nutritional inadequacies in utero. Diet, Nutrition and Fetal Programming provides an overview on the effects of fetal programming on disease, and comprehensive looks at maternal nutrition factors and fetal programming effects on brain and behavior, and physiology and disease. It also provides an in depth look at specific nutrient restrictions and supplements on physiology and disease, the effects of maternal disease on fetal programming, mechanisms of programming, and a special section on the international aspects and policies on fetal programming.

Download or read book Fetal and Early Postnatal Programming and its Influence on Adult Health written by Mulchand S. Patel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a documented link between fetal nutrition and the development of disease risk in adult life. Including the early postnatal period, during which a newborn continues to grow rapidly influenced by environmental factors, suggests that individuals are subject to risks for more than just the fetal period. Fetal and Early Postnatal Programming and its Influence on Adult Health focuses on interrelated aspects of cellular programming related to early nutrition and this potential global health problem.

Download or read book Fetal Metabolic Programming the Impact of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Exposure on Newborn s Epigenetic Signature written by Andrée-Anne Houde and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Life Course Health Development written by Neal Halfon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-20 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. ​This handbook synthesizes and analyzes the growing knowledge base on life course health development (LCHD) from the prenatal period through emerging adulthood, with implications for clinical practice and public health. It presents LCHD as an innovative field with a sound theoretical framework for understanding wellness and disease from a lifespan perspective, replacing previous medical, biopsychosocial, and early genomic models of health. Interdisciplinary chapters discuss major health concerns (diabetes, obesity), important less-studied conditions (hearing, kidney health), and large-scale issues (nutrition, adversity) from a lifespan viewpoint. In addition, chapters address methodological approaches and challenges by analyzing existing measures, studies, and surveys. The book concludes with the editors’ research agenda that proposes priorities for future LCHD research and its application to health care practice and health policy. Topics featured in the Handbook include: The prenatal period and its effect on child obesity and metabolic outcomes. Pregnancy complications and their effect on women’s cardiovascular health. A multi-level approach for obesity prevention in children. Application of the LCHD framework to autism spectrum disorder. Socioeconomic disadvantage and its influence on health development across the lifespan. The importance of nutrition to optimal health development across the lifespan. The Handbook of Life Course Health Development is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians/professionals, and graduate students in developmental psychology/science; maternal and child health; social work; health economics; educational policy and politics; and medical law as well as many interrelated subdisciplines in psychology, medicine, public health, mental health, education, social welfare, economics, sociology, and law.

Download or read book Fetal Programming of Obesity and Metabolic Dysregulation by Maternal Nutrition written by Lindsey Ann George and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased risk for obesity and metabolic disease has been attributed to both maternal overnutrition and undernutrition in pregnancy. Obesity and metabolic disease are components of the metabolic syndrome which predisposes to development of more severe disease, including cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. This dissertation discusses studies using a sheep model to evaluate the effects of maternal overnutrition on fetal development and maternal undernutrition on offspring disease risk. In the first experiment, ewes were fed to achieve normal weight, overweight or obesity prior to and during pregnancy. The most overfed ewes became fattest by the time of breeding which was associated with increased fetal adiposity and organ growth at mid-gestation. In the second experiment, aged ewe offspring born from mothers nutrient restricted in early gestation were evaluated for differences in feeding behavior, glucose-insulin dynamics and body composition during a bout of ad libitum feeding. These aged (6 yrs) ewe offspring of nutrient restricted mothers demonstrated greater and more rapid feed intake, greater body weight gain and gain efficiency, as well as lower insulin sensitivity and higher insulin secretion than control ewe offspring. In the third experiment, these same aged ewe offspring from nutrient restricted dams showed lower progesterone concentrations throughout the estrous cycle, a result previously observed in these ewes at one and two years of age, indicating progesterone levels have been permanently programmed in these ewes. Overall, fetal programming of disease risk related to metabolic disease and obesity has been demonstrated in our ewe model of both maternal under- and overnourishment.

Download or read book Maternal Obesity and Fetal Metabolic Programming Identifying a Role for Maternal Inflammation and Fetal Lipid Exposure written by Margaret J. R. Heerwagen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maternal obesity is associated with greater risk of pregnancy complications. Additionally, children born to overweight and diabetic mothers are often large for gestational age, and at increased risk for developing metabolic syndrome later in life. It is thought that the intrauterine environment might be central to these observed outcomes, however, the particular characteristics of this environment remain elusive. The role of maternal lipids as a major contributor to fetal fat accretion is becoming increasingly recognized, but little is known about 1) the mechanisms regulating lipid transport across the placenta, and 2) how these lipids might impart persistent metabolic change on the fetus. Throughout the following work we address these questions in both human pregnancy and a high-fat diet mouse model of obese pregnancy. Our findings in humans suggest that placental growth and triglyceride hydrolase activity play an important role in regulating lipid flux to the developing fetus. In mice, our findings demonstrate how maternal obesity is complicated by increased maternal inflammation and insulin resistance, leading to placental overgrowth and increased lipid uptake. Further, these lipids appear to be transported to the fetus where they alter metabolic gene pathways and promote fetal hepatic lipid droplet accumulation. Lastly, we demonstrate that manipulating maternal dietary fatty acid profiles can alter this trajectory using a transgenic mouse model engineered to convert omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids. These mothers demonstrated reduced markers of systemic inflammation and improved insulin sensitivity, despite equivalent weight gain to wild type obese mothers. Additionally, placental growth was normalized and placental and fetal liver lipid exposure reduced. This resulted in either amelioration or complete prevention of adverse metabolic programming outcomes in wild type adult offspring. These results not only help us understand the interplay between pregnancy, diet, and obesity in regards to maternal lipid metabolism and fetal lipid exposure, but also suggest a potential means of protecting the developing fetus. A targeted intervention at the level of maternal and placental lipid metabolism is thus an important frontier in the quest for reducing fetal lipid exposure and the development of metabolic syndrome in children.

Download or read book Obesity and Diabetes written by Christos S. Mantzoros and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-16 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International experts from world-renowned medical schools comprehensively review for practicing clinicians and scientists alike the latest understanding of the epidemiology, causation, and consequences of diabetes and obesity. The authors discuss in detail their diagnosis, clinical manifestations, complications, and best practices for diagnosis and treatment. They also review the history and epidemiology of these conditions, explain their genetics and pathophysiology, and illuminate their known mechanisms and interactions. State-of-the-art survey-chapters critique current approaches (lifestyle and pharmacological) to the treatment of these conditions.

Download or read book The Childhood Environment and Adult Disease written by Gregory R. Bock and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern technology has made possible epidemiological studies that relate aspects of neonatal health to disease in adult life. This symposium is the first to draw together information from this new research area. Explores links between early growth and the risk of high blood pressure, stroke and coronary heart disease in adult life; poor growth of babies and inadequate growth and nutrition of mothers; and levels of blood cholesterol and clotting factors. Other chapters consider the connections between early nutrition and adult immunocompetence and risk of allergic diseases; critical periods in the development of both the brain and visual system; and possible origins of schizophrenia. Examines the consequences of adverse early experiences for adult psychosocial functioning.

Download or read book Handbook of Nutrition Diet and Epigenetics written by Vinood B. Patel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This multivolume reference work addresses the fact that the well being of humankind is predicated not only on individuals receiving adequate nutrition but also on their genetic makeup. The work includes more than 100 chapters organized in the following major sections: Introduction and Overview; Epigenetics of Organs and Diseases in Relation to Diet and Nutrition; Detailed Processes in Epigenetics of Diet and Nutrition; Modulating Epigenetics with Diet and Nutrition; and Practical Techniques. While it is well known that genes may encode proteins responsible for structural and dynamic components, there is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that nutrition itself may alter the way in which genes are expressed via the process of epigenetics. This is where chemically imposed alteration in the DNA sequence occurs or where the functional expression of DNA is modulated. This may include changes in DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, chromatin, histone acetylation or methylation, and genomic imprinting. Knowledge regarding the number of dietary components that impact on epigenetic processes is increasing almost daily. Marshalling all the information on the complex relationships between diet, nutrition, and epigenetic processes is somewhat difficult due to the wide myriad of material. It is for this reason that the present work has been compiled.

Download or read book Overweight and the Metabolic Syndrome written by George A. Bray and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-16 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely book provides an overview of topics related to obesity. These include associated health risks, childhood obesity, genetics, evaluation, treatment, behavioral strategies, and successes and failures in preventing obesity. The volume covers evaluation guidelines, different approaches to treatment, including diet, exercise, behavior, drugs, and surgery to deal with the current world-wide obesity epidemic.

Download or read book Parental Obesity Intergenerational Programming and Consequences written by Lucy R. Green and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-01 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, leading figures in the field of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease provide up-to-date information from human clinical trials, cohorts, and animal physiology experiments to reveal the interdependence between parental obesity and health of the offspring. Obesity of the mother and father produces obesity in their offspring, so we are caught up in an intergenerational cycle, which means that even our children’s future health is in peril. This book gives a timely and much-needed synthesis of the mechanisms, potential targets of future interventions, and the challenges that need to be overcome in order to break the intergenerational cycle of obesity. This has profound implications for the way in which scientific, clinical and health policy activities are to be directed in order to combat the so-called epidemic of obesity, as well as diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease. The book will be of interest to students, clinicians, researchers and health policy makers who are either seeking an introduction to the area of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease or have a specific interest in the pathogenesis of obesity.

Download or read book Developmental Programming Of Diabetes And Metabolic Syndrome written by Marlon E. Cerf and published by . This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes is increasing rapidly in both the Westernized and developing world. Apart from specific genes implicated in the pathogenesis of this multifactorial disease, environmental factors such as high fat diets, obesity, urbanization and leading a sedentary lifestyle are also implicated. Developmental programming can be defined by changes induced by either a stimulus or insult in an organism during critical periods of development and growth such as fetal and early postnatal life. In this review book Developmental Programming of Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome, the authors address the programming effects that induce a diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome phenotype. These mostly include animal models that usually aid in elucidating possible mechanisms of the pathogenesis of disease. However, in Chapter 1, Roseboom et al. report on the findings in humans exposed to the Dutch Winter famine. The 1944-1945 Dutch famine was a 5 month period of extreme food shortage in a previously well nourished population. Participants exposed to famine in mid gestation and early gestation had a lower insulin response relative to insulin sensitivity. There was an increased response to the psychological stress protocol in terms of systolic blood pressure in those individuals exposed to famine in early gestation, suggesting programming of the central nervous system. Exposure to famine during early gestation was also associated with a strikingly doubled risk of coronary heart disease in later life. Chapter 2 by Bouret discusses the neurodevelopmental actions of the hormones insulin and leptin. Leptin regulates appetite-related neuropeptides in the hypothalamus during early development and also plays a critical role in the development of metabolic circuits. Insulin also appears to exert important influences on the development of central nervous system circuits that regulate energy homeostasis. In Chapter 3, Palou et al. highlight the importance of breastfeeding as opposed to using milk formulae in infants. Leptin, which is found in breast milk, is identified as having beneficial effects in preventing obesity. Leptin exerts important effects in a physiologically regulated manner during early postnatal life, in the neonatal control of energy balance and possibly in other functions during development. Alexander et al. discuss the placental insufficiency model that leads to hypertension in Chapter 4. Hypertension is strongly linked with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Sex differences are implicated with hormones specific to females believed to play a protective role. The renin angiotensin system may also contribute to the etiology of hypertension programmed by placental insufficiency. In Chapter 5, Zambrano and Alcantara report on the transgenerational mechanisms implicated in the developmental programming of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Adverse consequences of an altered intrauterine environment can be passed transgenerationally from mother to daughter to second generation offspring by mechanisms that do not involve genetic changes but the altered expression of the genes. This concept is interpreted as changes in gene function that occur without changes in gene sequence and coined epigenetics. Epigenetic states can be modified by environmental factors, which may contribute to the development of abnormal phenotypes. Epigenetic modifications can occur during gestation, neonatal development, puberty, menopause and in old age and provides evidence of the transmission of undesirable traits from one generation to the next. In Chapter 6, Du and Zhu report on the effects of maternal nutrition on fetal skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is a major site for insulin-stimulated uptake of glucose and free fatty acids. An impairment in this process usually results in the manifestation of insulin resistance. AMP-activated protein kinase is suggested to play a major role in inducing insulin resistance in fetal skeletal muscle due to maternal obesity and overnutrition. The changes in fetal muscle development are at least partially associated with the changes in insulin/IGF-1 signaling in fetal muscle. Herrera and Ramos report on the effects of malnutrition and altered dietary composition on diabetes in Chapter 7. Fetal development depends on the continuous availability of nutrients coming from maternal circulation. The two pathways present in adipose tissue, lipogenesis and glycerogenesis, are normally enhanced by insulin in a dose-dependent manner. Supplementation of a combination of both omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids during the perinatal period has been proposed to prevent diabetes mellitus. The prevention of type 1 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in adults that were breast fed may be due to the presence of significant amounts of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human breast milk. In Chapter 8, Cerf and Louw discuss the high saturated fat programming effects on beta-cell development and function in neonatal and weanling offspring. High fat programming is induced by maternal high saturated fat intake during defined periods of gestation and/or lactation and programmes the physiology and metabolism of the offspring in early life. High fat programming affects the expression of key beta-cell genes. This in turn affects the ability of the beta-cells to develop and function properly. It is important, therefore, for proper maternal nutrition to be maintained during pregnancy and lactation to ensure normal health and development of the progeny. Developmental programming has lasting consequences in offspring. Programming not only induces adverse effects in physiology and metabolism. By identifying the optimum physiological and metabolic environments in utero and in early postnatal life, offspring health can be achieved. The challenge lies ahead for researchers to positively manipulate programming in order to ensure optimal health. This will aid in the prevention of diabetes and metabolic disease.

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 5 written by Dorairaj Prabhakaran and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-17 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related conditions cause more than 40 percent of all deaths globally, and their substantial burden is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their burden extends well beyond health effects to include significant economic and societal consequences. Most of these conditions are related, share risk factors, and have common control measures at the clinical, population, and policy levels. Lives can be extended and improved when these diseases are prevented, detected, and managed. This volume summarizes current knowledge and presents evidence-based interventions that are effective, cost-effective, and scalable in LMICs.

Download or read book Gestational Diabetes written by A. Lapolla and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2019-12-19 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes mellitus, one of the most prevalent complications during pregnancy, can cause a range of problems for women and their developing babies. The number of types of diabetes during pregnancy has dramatically increased worldwide in recent years. Obesity is a very common risk factor for the development of GDM and type 2 diabetes. To prevent birth defects and other health problems, optimal healthcare before and during pregnancy is mandatory. To reach this goal, a multidisciplinary approach is of major importance. This book presents the latest knowledge on the physiopathology, diagnosis, autoimmunity, genetics, omics, and management and treatment of diabetic pregnancy. Renowned healthcare professionals and academic experts provide insights into the complexity of diabetic pregnancy, its treatment, and pregnancy complications. This is a comprehensive overview of the clinical characteristics of pregnancy-related type 1 and 2 diabetes as well as of gestational diabetes. It is a must-read for everyone involved in the monitoring of diabetes during pregnancy.

Download or read book Pregnancy Metabolism Diabetes and the Fetus written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fetal Programming written by P. M. Shaughn O'Brien and published by Rcog Press. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: