Download or read book Feasibility of MOS Task Analysis and Redesign to Reduce Physical Demands in the U S Army written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heavy physical demands characterize a large number of U.S. Army military occupational specialties (MOSs). About 45% of the Army's 277 MOSs require at least occasional lifting of 100 pounds or more and frequent lifting of 50 pounds or more. In an effort to reduce these physical requirements, we developed and tested an Army-specific ergonomic task analysis and redesign procedure. Five MOSs were selected for this feasibility project: Food Service Specialist, Medical Specialist, Motor Transport Operator, Tracked Vehicle Mechanic, and Chemical Operations Specialist. Literature review, numerous pilot investigations, and professional experience produced a multiphase process involving (a) review of military publications describing specific occupational tasks, (b) a questionnaire and structured interview with five junior and five senior soldiers working in the MOS, and (c) filming of tasks identified in the first two phases. Contact with military schools responsible for the MOS, project managers (individuals responsible for specific pieces of equipment or projects), or military construction (agencies responsible for new buildings) was found useful in all phases of the process. Potential redesign solutions could also be identified at all phases with soldiers themselves an especially good source of ideas. The feasibility of the potential redesigns was discussed with the schools, project managers, or military construction personnel, and specific solutions were targeted for testing in a usability analysis. In one usability analysis, we identified and improved stretcher carrying methods by moving the stretcher load from the small muscle mass of the hands and forearms to the larger muscle mass of the shoulders and hips.
Download or read book Feasibility of MOS Task Analysis and Redesign to Reduce Physical Demands in the U S Army written by Joseph J. Knapik and published by . This book was released on 1997-12-01 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heavy physical demands characterize a large number of U.S. Army military occupational specialties (MOSs). About 45% of the Army's 277 MOSs require at least occasional lifting of 100 pounds or more and frequent lifting of 50 pounds or more. In an effort to reduce these physical requirements, we developed and tested an Army-specific ergonomic task analysis and redesign procedure. Five MOSs were selected for this feasibility project: Food Service Specialist, Medical Specialist, Motor Transport Operator, Tracked Vehicle Mechanic, and Chemical Operations Specialist. Literature review, numerous pilot investigations, and professional experience produced a multiphase process involving (a) review of military publications describing specific occupational tasks, (b) a questionnaire and structured interview with five junior and five senior soldiers working in the MOS, and (c) filming of tasks identified in the first two phases. Contact with military schools responsible for the MOS, project managers (individuals responsible for specific pieces of equipment or projects), or military construction (agencies responsible for new buildings) was found useful in all phases of the process. Potential redesign solutions could also be identified at all phases with soldiers themselves an especially good source of ideas. The feasibility of the potential redesigns was discussed with the schools, project managers, or military construction personnel, and specific solutions were targeted for testing in a usability analysis. In one usability analysis, we identified and improved stretcher carrying methods by moving the stretcher load from the small muscle mass of the hands and forearms to the larger muscle mass of the shoulders and hips.
Download or read book Advances in Occupational Ergonomics and Safety written by Shrawan Kumar and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ergonomics touches every man, woman and child each day of their lives whether they recognise it or not. Ergonomics (or lack of it) plays a more significant role in the lives of about two-thirds of the world s population over 10 years of age who work for one-third of their lives to make a living. There are 120 million occupational accidents and injuries and 200,000 fatalities each year according to WHO 95. Occupational accidents, injuries and fatalities are undesired events. The occupational activities are planned and designed, and executed with a purpose under supervision but accidents are not. Hence it stands to reason that better planning, design and execution will help to reduce these undesirable outcomes. One must also recognise that under global scheme of biological evolution, the human beings were not designed to endure a life long exposure to artificial activities repetitively. Thus occupational health problems are inevitable if we do not return to nature for our sustenance. As a society, we have chosen to live and work as we do. In fact, there is a far rapid evolution (mutation and speciation) of occupations than of any biological organism. This places us in a situation where better planning, design and execution of our occupational activities have become absolute necessity. However, since ergonomics is a modifier and not a causal factor, its significance does not become immediately apparent to us. Perhaps it is for this reason that even in developed world occupational health services are available to between 20% to 50% of the work force and less than 10% of the workforce in the developing countries. Occupational health services are remedial approaches. The rational wisdom of the human race should strive to get proactive control of undesirable outcomes through ergonomics. Unfortunately, it is sadly lacking even today. On an optimistic note one can observe that its presence and application is slowly increasing.
Download or read book Assessing Readiness in Military Women written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. military personnel are required to adhere to standards of body composition, fitness, and appearance to achieve and maintain readinessâ€"that is, the maintenance of optimum health and performance so they are ready for deployment at any moment. In 1992, the Committee on Military Nutrition Research reviewed the existing standards and found, among other things, that the standards for body composition required for women to achieve an appearance goal seemed to conflict with those necessary to ensure the ability to perform many types of military tasks. This report addresses that conflict, and reviews and makes recommendations about current policies governing body composition and fitness, as well as postpartum return-to-duty standards, Military Recommended Dietary Allowances, and physical activity and nutritional practices of military women to determine their individual and collective impact on the health, fitness, and readiness of active-duty women.
Download or read book Task Analysis for MOS 63B Preliminary Assessment for Protocol Development written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall purpose of this project was to identify and describe the 10 most physically demanding critical tasks and task elements performed by soldiers in 63B MOS, Light Wheeled Vehicle Mechanic, so they could be simulated in the United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM) study,
Download or read book TRADOC Pamphlet TP 600 4 The Soldier s Blue Book written by United States Government Us Army and published by . This book was released on 2019-12-14 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual, TRADOC Pamphlet TP 600-4 The Soldier's Blue Book: The Guide for Initial Entry Soldiers August 2019, is the guide for all Initial Entry Training (IET) Soldiers who join our Army Profession. It provides an introduction to being a Soldier and Trusted Army Professional, certified in character, competence, and commitment to the Army. The pamphlet introduces Solders to the Army Ethic, Values, Culture of Trust, History, Organizations, and Training. It provides information on pay, leave, Thrift Saving Plans (TSPs), and organizations that will be available to assist you and your Families. The Soldier's Blue Book is mandated reading and will be maintained and available during BCT/OSUT and AIT.This pamphlet applies to all active Army, U.S. Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard enlisted IET conducted at service schools, Army Training Centers, and other training activities under the control of Headquarters, TRADOC.
Download or read book Reducing the Time Burdens of Army Company Leaders written by Lisa Saum-Manning and published by . This book was released on 2020-01-31 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. Army company leaders have long been recognized as overworked. This report is intended to help the Army identify ways to reduce and manage the time burdens on Active Component company leaders in garrison by examining these leaders' time burdens.
Download or read book The Changing Nature of Work written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-09-07 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although there is great debate about how work is changing, there is a clear consensus that changes are fundamental and ongoing. The Changing Nature of Work examines the evidence for change in the world of work. The committee provides a clearly illustrated framework for understanding changes in work and these implications for analyzing the structure of occupations in both the civilian and military sectors. This volume explores the increasing demographic diversity of the workforce, the fluidity of boundaries between lines of work, the interdependent choices for how work is structured-and ultimately, the need for an integrated systematic approach to understanding how work is changing. The book offers a rich array of data and highlighted examples on: Markets, technology, and many other external conditions affecting the nature of work. Research findings on American workers and how they feel about work. Downsizing and the trend toward flatter organizational hierarchies. Autonomy, complexity, and other aspects of work structure. The committee reviews the evolution of occupational analysis and examines the effectiveness of the latest systems in characterizing current and projected changes in civilian and military work. The occupational structure and changing work requirements in the Army are presented as a case study.
Download or read book Federal Evaluations written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains an inventory of evaluation reports produced by and for selected Federal agencies, including GAO evaluation reports that relate to the programs of those agencies.
Download or read book Women in Combat written by Congressional Research Service and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-01-09 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades of conflict, women have served with valor and continue to serve on combat aircraft, naval vessels, and in support of ground combat operations. The expansion of roles for women in the Armed Forces has evolved since the early days of the military when women were restricted by law and policy from serving in certain occupations and units. Women have not been precluded by law from serving in any military unit or occupational specialty since 1993 when Congress repealed the remaining prohibitions on women serving on combatant aircraft and vessels. However, Department of Defense (DOD) policies have prevented women from being assigned to units below brigade level where the unit's primary mission was to engage directly in ground combat. This policy barred women from serving in infantry, artillery, armor, combat engineers, and special operations units of battalion size or smaller. On January 24, 2013, then-Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta rescinded the rule that restricted women from serving in combat units and directed the military departments and services to review their occupational standards and assignment policies and to make recommendations for opening all combat roles to women no later than January 1, 2016. On December 3, 2015, Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter ordered the military to open all combat jobs to women with no exceptions. This most recent policy change followed extensive studies that were completed by the military departments and by the Special Operations Command (SOCOM) on issues such as unit cohesion, women's health, equipment, facilities modifications, propensity to serve, and international experiences with women in combat. These studies also included a review and validation of gender-neutral occupational standards for combat roles where such standards existed. On March 10, 2016, Secretary Carter announced that the Services' and SOCOM's implementation plans for the integration of women into direct ground combat roles were approved. Some concerns about the implementation of the new policy remain, including the recruitment, assignment, and career management of women into the new roles, and the impact of integration on unit readiness. Congress has oversight authority in these matters, and may also consider issues such as equal opportunity, equal responsibility (such as selective service registration), and the overall manpower needs of the military.
Download or read book Federal Program Evaluations written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains an inventory of evaluation reports produced by and for selected Federal agencies, including GAO evaluation reports that relate to the programs of those agencies.
Download or read book Wellbeing A Complete Reference Guide Work and Wellbeing written by Peter Y. Chen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-03-17 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of the six-volume reference set Wellbeing: A Complete Reference Guide, this volume is a comprehensive look at wellbeing in the workplace at organizational, managerial, and individual levels. Discusses the implications of theory and practice in the field of workplace wellbeing Incorporates not only coverage of workplace stress in relation to wellbeing, but also aspects of positive psychology Explores the role of governments in promoting work place well being Part of the six-volume set Wellbeing: A Complete Reference Guide, which brings together leading research on wellbeing from across the social sciences Topics include work-life balance; coping strategies and characters of individuals; characteristics of workplaces and organizational strategies that are conducive to wellbeing; and many more
Download or read book Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-05-24 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year workers' low-back, hand, and arm problems lead to time away from jobs and reduce the nation's economic productivity. The connection of these problems to workplace activities-from carrying boxes to lifting patients to pounding computer keyboards-is the subject of major disagreements among workers, employers, advocacy groups, and researchers. Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace examines the scientific basis for connecting musculoskeletal disorders with the workplace, considering people, job tasks, and work environments. A multidisciplinary panel draws conclusions about the likelihood of causal links and the effectiveness of various intervention strategies. The panel also offers recommendations for what actions can be considered on the basis of current information and for closing information gaps. This book presents the latest information on the prevalence, incidence, and costs of musculoskeletal disorders and identifies factors that influence injury reporting. It reviews the broad scope of evidence: epidemiological studies of physical and psychosocial variables, basic biology, biomechanics, and physical and behavioral responses to stress. Given the magnitude of the problem-approximately 1 million people miss some work each year-and the current trends in workplace practices, this volume will be a must for advocates for workplace health, policy makers, employers, employees, medical professionals, engineers, lawyers, and labor officials.
Download or read book Health Care Comes Home written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-22 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, health care devices, technologies, and practices are rapidly moving into the home. The factors driving this migration include the costs of health care, the growing numbers of older adults, the increasing prevalence of chronic conditions and diseases and improved survival rates for people with those conditions and diseases, and a wide range of technological innovations. The health care that results varies considerably in its safety, effectiveness, and efficiency, as well as in its quality and cost. Health Care Comes Home reviews the state of current knowledge and practice about many aspects of health care in residential settings and explores the short- and long-term effects of emerging trends and technologies. By evaluating existing systems, the book identifies design problems and imbalances between technological system demands and the capabilities of users. Health Care Comes Home recommends critical steps to improve health care in the home. The book's recommendations cover the regulation of health care technologies, proper training and preparation for people who provide in-home care, and how existing housing can be modified and new accessible housing can be better designed for residential health care. The book also identifies knowledge gaps in the field and how these can be addressed through research and development initiatives. Health Care Comes Home lays the foundation for the integration of human health factors with the design and implementation of home health care devices, technologies, and practices. The book describes ways in which the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and federal housing agencies can collaborate to improve the quality of health care at home. It is also a valuable resource for residential health care providers and caregivers.
Download or read book Federal Register written by and published by . This book was released on 2012-12 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Taking Action Against Clinician Burnout written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-01-02 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patient-centered, high-quality health care relies on the well-being, health, and safety of health care clinicians. However, alarmingly high rates of clinician burnout in the United States are detrimental to the quality of care being provided, harmful to individuals in the workforce, and costly. It is important to take a systemic approach to address burnout that focuses on the structure, organization, and culture of health care. Taking Action Against Clinician Burnout: A Systems Approach to Professional Well-Being builds upon two groundbreaking reports from the past twenty years, To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System and Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century, which both called attention to the issues around patient safety and quality of care. This report explores the extent, consequences, and contributing factors of clinician burnout and provides a framework for a systems approach to clinician burnout and professional well-being, a research agenda to advance clinician well-being, and recommendations for the field.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
