Download or read book Fate of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Constructed Wetlands written by Camila Ayelén Knecht and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Occurrence Fate and Mobility of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Among Microbial Communities Exposed to Alternative Wastewater Treatment Systems written by Cassandra Helt and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ubiquitous nature of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) among environmental pathogens from a variety of wastewater effluents, suggests that the aquatic environment, and specifically alternative wastewater treatment systems, may act as reservoirs for drug resistant bacteria and ARGs, thereby contributing to the widespread dissemination of antibiotic resistance. More research is necessary to contribute to our understanding of the occurrence, fate, and mobility of antibiotic resistance and ARGs among bacterial indicators of faecal contamination as well as pathogenic bacteria within Canadian wastewater treatment systems. The primary objective of this research was to determine the prevalence, fate, and potential transfer of bacterial resistance and ARGs among selected environmental pathogens exposed to alternative wastewater treatment systems, while considering the impact of treatment strategies on the expression of antibiotic resistance. A detailed analysis was initially conducted with respect to the characterization and quantification of microbial populations (including antibiotic resistant bacteria) in a variety of treatment systems and waste effluent sources. Traditional culture-based screening techniques in combination with molecular characterization (through colony or multiplex PCR), and molecular quantification using real-time quantitative PCR were utilized in order to help establish a preliminary environmental assessment of selected pathogens (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Salmonella spp.) and ARGs (tetA, blaSHV, & ampC) within a variety of wastewater treatment systems (lab-scale mesocosms, constructed wetland, constructed lagoon system, and pilot-scale biological nutrient removal (BNR) system). Overall, the level of multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) among culturable indicator (E. coli & Enterococcus spp.) and environmental bacteria was high (reaching 100% in several instances) within different types of wastewater treatment systems and effluent sources (poultry waste effluent, municipal wastewater, aquaculture wastewater). Common antibiotic resistance profiles among E. coli isolates included simultaneous resistance to between three and five antimicrobials, whereas common MAR profiles among Enterococcus spp. isolates showed resistance to ten or more antibiotics. Real time quantitative PCR was used to determine the concentration of three bacterial pathogens; E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Salmonella spp., and three ARGs; tetA, ampC, and blaSHV, within a variety of wastewater samples. Based on the results, it was concluded that high concentrations of ARGs were present in the treated effluent (104- 106 target gene copies/100 mL), regardless of system type (i.e. constructed lagoon, pilot-scale BNR, or constructed wetland), which may ultimately serve as a potential route for entry of ARGs and antibiotic resistant bacteria into the natural environment. Water is considered an important medium for transfer of resistance genes and resistant bacteria to the broader environment. Few studies have examined the transferability via conjugation of ARGs in E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from wastewater. Identification of three resistance determinants (tetA, strA, strB) conferring resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin was performed on selected multi-drug resistant Salmonella spp. and E. coli isolates. The potential for transfer of tetracycline and streptomycin resistance genes was demonstrated through broth conjugation experiments using multi-drug resistant Salmonella spp. and E. coli isolates as donors, and E. coli K12 as the recipient. Conjugation was successfully observed in 75% (9/12) of donor isolates, occurring in both Salmonella spp. and E. coli isolates. Six strains (50%) were capable of transferring their tetA, strA, and strB genes to the recipient strain, resulting in 58.5% (38/65) of total transconjugant strains acquiring all three resistance determinants. The results confirm the role of environmental bacteria (isolated from wastewater treatment utilities) as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance and ARGs, containing mobile genetic elements, which are capable of disseminating and transferring ARGs. As concerns about water quality and environmental contamination by human and agricultural effluents have increased, it has become increasingly more important to consider the prevalence and transferability of ARGs to opportunistic and human pathogens. As observed in this research, the ubiquitous nature of multi-drug resistant bacteria in water and wastewater effluents, the presence of diverse ARGs of human and veterinary health significance, as well as the transfer of resistance determinants through conjugative plasmids to recipient bacteria, suggests that environmental exposure through contact or consumption with contaminated water is probable. However, a lack of critical information still exists regarding the movement of resistance genes within and between microbial populations in the environment. In addition, the extent of human exposure to ARGs and antibiotic resistant bacteria is still not well understood, and future studies on human exposure to these resistant contaminants are necessary.
Download or read book Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater Treatment Processes written by Patricia L. Keen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-09-26 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antimicrobial resistance is arguably the greatest threat to worldwide human health. This book evaluates the roles of human water use, treatment and conservation in the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Designed as a companion volume to Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment (Wiley-Blackwell, 2012), this book is a multi-disciplinary synthesis of topics related to antimicrobial resistance and wastewater treatment processes. Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater Treatment Processes assembles detailed discussions written by many of the world's best-known experts in microbiology, civil engineering, chemistry, environmental science, public health and related fields. The book presents a collection of subjects that includes: Current knowledge of the role of the environment in development and spread of antimicrobial resistance Chemical analysis of antibiotics in environmental samples Molecular methods for analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes Advanced wastewater treatment processes and antimicrobial resistance effects Public perception of risk related to health consequences of antimicrobial resistance Public health implications of antimicrobial resistance with focus on wastewater treatment processes Antimicrobial resistance has gained a foothold in the global consciousness as a serious public health threat. There is a much greater appreciation for the role of the environment in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and the effects of pollutants that can potentially promote development of resistance in bacteria. Contaminants released from wastewater treatment plants are a concern. In Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater Treatment Processes, readers will be guided through examinations of the current science related to this important health issue.
Download or read book Constructed Wetlands and Sustainable Development written by Gary Austin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-08-25 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains how with careful planning and design, the functions and performance of constructed wetlands can provide a huge range of benefits to humans and the environment. It documents the current designs and specifications for free water surface wetlands, horizontal and vertical subsurface flow wetlands, hybrid wetlands and bio retention basins; and explores how to plan, engineer, design and monitor these natural systems. Sections address resource management (landscape planning), technical issues (environmental engineering and botany), recreation and physical design (landscape architecture), and biological systems (ecology). Site and municipal scale strategies for flood management, storm-water treatment and green infrastructure are illustrated with case studies from the USA, Europe and China, which show how these principles have been put into practice. Written for upper level students and practitioners, this highly illustrated book provides designers with the tools they need to ensure constructed wetlands are sustainably created and well manage
Download or read book Genomics of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Industrial Waste Water Treatment written by Maulin P. Shah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-28 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the key problems and solutions with various applicable approaches to combat antibiotic-resistant genes in industrial waste water. Several genes are selected within the chapters to illustrate the past and future roles of molecular ecophysiology and genomics in the development of wastewater microbiology as an important subdiscipline of microbial ecology. As we have very limited knowledge of composition, dynamics and stability of microbial communities, various processes in wastewater treatment have been generally considered to be "black box." In recent years, with the development of several new high throughput sequencing platforms, metagenome sequencing strategies and bioinformatics toolboxes, the analysis of the genome of complex communities has become much more accessible and means easier. The opening of the biological wastewater treatment “black box” is not the unpleasant experience it was before. The viable, but not cultural, ceases to be the inconsequential, uncharacterizable enigma that existed today. Metagenomics leads the way for more specific studies in related fields. Finally, genomic studies of wastewater treatment microbes, in addition to their biotechnological applications, are also an excellent testing ground for variety of other ecological and environmental burns questions. Wastewater treatment plants are considered hotspots for the environmental dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant determinants. Comparative genomics of antibiotic resistant genes isolated from conventional activated sludge and biological aerated filter wastewater treatment plants is discussed.
Download or read book Applied Manure and Nutrient Chemistry for Sustainable Agriculture and Environment written by Zhongqi He and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-07 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the rapid increase in world population and improving living standards, the global agriculture sector is confronting with challenges for the sustainability of agricultural production and of the environment. Intensive high-yield agriculture is typically dependent on addition of fertilizers (synthetic chemicals, animal manure, etc.). However, non-point nutrient losses from agricultural fields due to fertilization could adversely impact the environment. Increased knowledge on plant nutrient chemistry is required for improving utilization efficiency and minimizing loses from both inorganic and organic nutrient sources. For this purpose, the book is composed of 19 chapters that highlight recent research activities in applied nutrient chemistry geared toward sustainable agriculture and environment. Topics of interest include, but are not limited, to speciation, quantification, and interactions of various plant nutrients and relevant contributories in manure, soil, and plants. This book outlooks emerging researchable issues on alternative utilization and environmental monitoring of manure and other agricultural by products that may stimulate new research ideas and direction in the relevant fields.
Download or read book Fate of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Activated Sludge Processes and Anaerobic Digestion at Six Wastewater Treatment Plants in California written by Renjie Li and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antibiotic resistance has been a topic of increasing concern for several decades. Wastewater treatment plants are one of the potential sources of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria. Activated sludge processes (ASP) are the most widely used biological secondary treatment processes for wastewater while anaerobic digestion (AD) processes are used for treating biosolids, both of which play an import role in degrading and removing most of the organic wastes. In our study, we investigated six wastewater treatment plants located near Los Angeles operated at long and short solids retention times (SRTs) for the activated sludge processes and under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions for the anaerobic digestion processes. The prevalence and dynamics of five selected ARGs (sul1, sul2, tetA, tetW, and ermB), class 1 integron (intI1), and the total 16S rRNA were selected and evaluated by means of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in influent and effluent samples in six activated sludge processes and in digester feed and digested sludge in four anaerobic digestion processes. Among the six full-scale activated sludge processes, the average removal efficiency of all target ARGs was 99% (1.98 log removals) at the three long SRT ASPs, which was higher than the 95% (1.29 log removals) observed at three short SRT ASPs. The relative gene abundance per gram volatile suspended solids (VSS) was introduced to study the relationship between organic materials and ARG levels and reinforced the hypothesis that both long and short SRT ASPs can remove ARGs and long SRT ASP also showed higher removal efficiencies. In addition, significant (p 0.05), strong, and positive (r 0.7) correlations were found between VSS concentrations and the total 16S rRNA. Furthermore, potential horizontal gene transfer (HGT) was indicated at all the six plants' ASPs in terms of the correlations between intI1 and target ARGs. These correlations were found more frequently at short SRT plants than at long SRT plants. In general, our results concluded that ASPs could remove the absolute gene abundance of selected ARGs but might in some cases increase the relative gene abundance. Also, ASP operating at long SRT achieved higher and less variable removal efficiencies than at short SRT. Among the four full-scale anaerobic digestion processes, most of the ARGs' absolute abundance were significantly (p
Download or read book Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes written by Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-07 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarizes and updates information about antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR)/antibiotic resistant genes (ARG) production, including their entry routes in soil, air, water and sediment, their use in hospital and associated waste, global and temporal trends in use and spread of antibiotics, AMR and ARG. Antimicrobial/antibiotic resistance genes due to manure and agricultural waste applications, bioavailability, biomonitoring, and their Epidemiological, ecological and public health effects. The book addresses the antibiotic and AMR/ARG risk assessment and treatment technologies, for managing antibiotics and AMR/ARG impacted environments The book's expert contributions span 20 chapters, and offer a comprehensive framework for better understanding and analyzing the environmental and social impacts of antibiotics and AMR/ARGs. Readers will have access to recent and updated models regarding the interpretation of antibiotics and AMR/ARGs in environment and biomonitoring studies, and will learn about the management options require to appropriately mitigate environmental contaminants and pollution. The book will be of interest to students, teachers, researchers, policy makers and environmental organizations.
Download or read book Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater and Human Health written by Dharm Pal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-01-17 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater and Human Health provides updated knowledge on the human health risks associated with antimicrobial resistance of wastewater. The book's chapters address commonly found bacteria and drug resistant genes in wastewater, treatment plant problems and challenges, human health hazards, and gaps in current literature. Written for researchers, scientists, graduate and PhD students in the areas of Public Health, Biotechnology, Chemical Engineering, and Environmental Science, this will be an ideal resource. Examines AMR in wastewater and related risks to human health Provides the reader with expert analysis across a variety of scientific disciplines Presents a comprehensive analysis of AMR in wastewater, risks to human health and the way forward
Download or read book Sources Spreading and Fate of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Resistant Bacteria in Vidy Bay Lake Geneva Switzerland written by Nadine Czekalski and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Antibiotic Drug Resistance written by José-Luis Capelo-Martínez and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-09-24 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a thorough and authoritative overview of the multifaceted field of antibiotic science – offering guidance to translate research into tools for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases. Provides readers with knowledge about the broad field of drug resistance Offers guidance to translate research into tools for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases Links strategies to analyze microbes to the development of new drugs, socioeconomic impacts to therapeutic strategies, and public policies to antibiotic-resistance-prevention strategies
Download or read book Multifunctional Wetlands written by Nidhi Nagabhatla and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-25 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how natural or constructed wetlands can be used to reduce pollution of freshwater and coastal ecosystems, while still preserving their biodiversity and ecological functions. Through a series of case histories described in 10 chapters in the monograph, the readers will gain an understanding of the opportunities, as well as the challenges associated with reducing point and non-point source pollution using natural, restored or constructed wetlands. The target audience will be water practitioners involved in projects utilizing integrated watershed management approaches to pollution abatement, as well as researchers who are designing projects focused on this topic.
Download or read book Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment written by Patricia L. Keen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-24 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines effects of the environmental distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes on human health and the ecosystem Resistance genes are everywhere in nature—in pathogens, commensals, and environmental microorganisms. This contributed work shows how the environment plays a pivotal role in the development of antimicrobial resistance traits in bacteria and the distribution of resistant microbial species, resistant genetic material, and antibiotic compounds. Readers will discover the impact of the distribution in the environment of antimicrobial resistance genes and antibiotics on both the ecosystem and human and animal health. Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment is divided into four parts: Part I, Sources, including ecological and clinical consequences of antibiotic resistance by environmental microbes Part II, Fate, including strategies to assess and minimize the biological risk of antibiotic resistance in the environment Part III, Antimicrobial Substances and Resistance, including antibiotics in the aquatic environment Part IV, Effects and Risks, including the effect of antimicrobials used for non-human purposes on human health Recognizing the intricate links among overlapping complex systems, this book examines antimicrobial resistance using a comprehensive ecosystem approach. Moreover, the book's multidisciplinary framework applies principles of microbiology, environmental toxicology, and chemistry to assess the human and ecological risks associated with exposure to antibiotics or antibiotic resistance genes that are environmental contaminants. Each chapter has been written by one or more leading researchers in such fields as microbiology, environmental science, ecology, and toxicology. Comprehensive reference lists at the end of all chapters serve as a gateway to the primary research in the field. Presenting and analyzing the latest findings in a field of growing importance to human and environmental health, this text offers readers new insights into the role of the environment in antimicrobial resistance development, the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant genetic elements, and the transport of antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotics.
Download or read book Antimicrobial Resistance written by Yashwant Kumar and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-05-02 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of antibiotics was considered a milestone in health sciences and became the mainstay of antimicrobial therapy to treat and control bacterial infections. However, its utility has subsequently become limited, due to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance among different bacterial species, which has emerged as a global threat. The development and spread of antimicrobial resistance have been attributed to many factors, including indiscriminate use of antibiotics in the healthcare and livestock industries. The present scenario of antibiotic resistance urgently requires interventions in terms of development of newer antimicrobials, evaluation of alternative therapies, and formulation of stringent policies to curb indiscriminate use of antimicrobials. This book highlights the importance and development of antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic, environmental and food bacteria, including the significance of candidate alternative therapies.
Download or read book Prevalence Fate and Characterization of Antibiotic resistant Bacteria in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants written by Sara Jean Firl and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book WHO Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wasterwater Excreta and Greywater written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2006 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 4 of the Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater provides information on the assessment and management of risks associated with microbial hazards. It explains requirements to promote the safe use of excreta and greywater in agriculture, including minimum procedures and specific health-based targets, and how those requirements are intended to be used. This volume also describes the approaches used in deriving the guidelines, including health-based targets, and includes a substantive revision of approaches to ensuring microbial safety
Download or read book Emerging Organic Contaminants and Human Health written by Damia Barcelo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-04-17 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an overview of the occurrence and fate of emerging contaminants, discusses advanced chemical analysis methods, toxicological and ecotoxicological effects as well as human exposure. One focus is on pharmaceuticals, in particular antibiotics, and the problems associated with their increased use in hospitals. Other covered emerging contaminants occurring e.g. in food, water, air or soil include brominated flame retardants, polar pesticides, phthalates, phosphate esters, perfluorinated compounds, personal care products, musk fragrances, disinfection byproducts, illicit drugs, and nanomaterials. The chapters written by experts are a valuable source of information for a broad audience, such as analytical chemists, environmental chemists and engineers, toxicologists, ecotoxicologists and epidemiologists working already in this field as well as newcomers.
