Download or read book Fairness Opinions written by Andrew Smith and published by Andrew Smith. This book was released on 2008-04-03 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fairness Opinions A fairness opinion, by definition, is a letter prepared by an experienced investment banker, or business appraiser, that states whether or not a transaction'from a financial point of view'is fair. The fairness opinion speaks to the ?fairness? of the financial terms of a transaction, as of a specific date, and given a set of assumptions.1 ?Fairness? in this context, parallels the notions of unbiased, impartial, and just. As denoted by the colloquial term ?fair play? or the business phrase ?an arm's length transaction,? a fairness opinion represents whether a deal is fair to shareholders, particularly a company's minority shareholders, all material matters and circumstances considered.
Download or read book Fairness Opinions and Liability written by Sergei Parijs and published by Kluwer Law International. This book was released on 2005 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fairness opinions have their origin in the United States' mergers and acquisitions practice, but in recent years have also been used in Europe. Fairness opinions can best be defined as an investment banker's assessment of the financial 'reasonableness and equitableness' of a proposed offer for the target company's shareholders. In this clearly written book, Mr.Parijs investigates within the Dutch legal context how and why fairness opinions arise and what they might mean. His concentration lies primarily on fairness opinions of tender offers. Dutch legal literature contains very little on fairness opinions. This book makes the subject accessible to Dutch legal professionals and academicians. One particularly useful aspect of this study is that the author not only makes interesting legal comparisons to important tenets of civil, corporate and securities law, but also to economic theories and valuation methods.
Download or read book Fairness Opinions and the Business Judgment Rule an Empirical Investigation of Target Firms Use of Fairness Opinions written by Helen Bowers and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the effect of the Smith v. Van Gorkom decision on the frequency of use of fairness opinions and the portion of financial advisor revenues that are earned from fairness opinions. There is an initial increase in the use of fairness opinions immediately following the decision. However, that initial increase is not sustained; overall, the average number of target firms utilizing fairness opinions post-Van Gorkom (58%) is essentially that same as the percentage pre-Van Gorkom (57%). Also, the protection from liability Van Gorkom gave to boards and the increased potential liability facing issuers of fairness opinions has not resulted in a significantly greater portion of advisory services industry revenues being earned from fairness opinions. However, the portion of revenues earned from advisory services has increased dramatically.
Download or read book Fairness Opinions written by William J. Carney and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fairness Opinions how Fair are They and what Can be Done about It written by Lucian A. Bebchuk and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Model Rules of Professional Conduct written by American Bar Association. House of Delegates and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.
Download or read book The Law of Corporate Finance General Principles and EU Law written by Petri Mäntysaari and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-05-03 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1.1 Cash Flow, Risk, Agency, Information, Investments The first volume dealt with the management of: cash flow (and the exchange of goods and services); risk; agency relationships; and information. The firm m- ages these aspects by legal tools and practices in the context of all commercial transactions. The second volume discussed investments. As voluntary contracts belong to the most important legal tools available to the firm, the second volume provided an - troduction to the general legal aspects of generic investment contracts and p- ment obligations. This volume discusses funding transactions, exit, and a particular category of decisions raising existential questions (business acquisitions). Transactions which can be regarded as funding transactions from the perspective of a firm raising the funding can be regarded as investment transactions from the perspective of an - vestor that provides the funding. Although the perspective chosen in this volume is that of a firm raising funding, this volume will simultaneously provide infor- tion about the legal aspects of many investment transactions. 1.2 Funding, Exit, Acquisitions Funding transactions are obviously an important way to manage cash flow. All - vestments will have to be funded in some way or another. The firm’s funding mix will also influence risk in many ways. Funding. The most important way to raise funding is through retained profits and by using existing assets more efficiently. The firm can also borrow money from a bank, or issue debt, equity, or mezzanine securities to a small group of - vestors.
Download or read book Fairness Opinions and SPAC Reform written by Andrew F. Tuch and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper assesses the emerging regulatory framework for special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs). According to this framework, mergers of SPACs, known as de-SPACs, must be “fair” to public (or unaffiliated) SPAC shareholders, and transaction participants face heightened liability risk for disclosure errors. In this environment, third-party fairness opinions have been regarded as a de facto requirement for de-SPACs. A study of all fairness opinions used in de-SPACs from 2019 to 2023 shows that these opinions suffer profound methodological problems and fail in their intended purpose. To be fair to public shareholders, a de-SPAC should represent value to these shareholders of at least $10 per share, the amount they would receive if they chose to redeem. This requires a pro forma assessment of the post-merger entity's value, accounting for the effects of dilution, an assessment that will be highly contingent. Nevertheless, most opinions borrowed from the public mergers & acquisitions (M&A) playbook by addressing fairness to the SPAC, rather than to public shareholders, adopting assumptions that often produced implausible valuations while also being unresponsive to fiduciary concerns. Other opinions reflected poor practices, drawing either mistaken or ambiguous conclusions. Another set of opinions expressly purported to address the position of public shareholders. On their face, therefore, they were responsive. But, with one exception, these opinions failed to perform analyses to address the position of public shareholders. While the challenges of assessing fairness to public shareholders can be overcome, fairness opinions should be greeted with skepticism. The article argues in favor of other features of the emerging regulatory framework that would heighten incentives for complete and accurate disclosures of deal value to investors. With stronger incentives to assure complete and accurate disclosures, investment banks, SPAC sponsors, and target companies would be less likely to stand behind de-SPACs in their current form. Incentivizing complete and accurate disclosures, then, should lead to changes in transaction terms and structures that will result in greater fairness to public shareholders.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Law and Governance written by Jeffrey N. Gordon and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-04-26 with total page 900 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corporate law and corporate governance have been at the forefront of regulatory activities across the world for several decades now, and are subject to increasing public attention following the Global Financial Crisis of 2008. The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Law and Governance provides the global framework necessary to understand the aims and methods of legal research in this field. Written by leading scholars from around the world, the Handbook contains a rich variety of chapters that provide a comparative and functional overview of corporate governance. It opens with the central theoretical approaches and methodologies in corporate law scholarship in Part I, before examining core substantive topics in corporate law, including shareholder rights, takeovers and restructuring, and minority rights in Part II. Part III focuses on new challenges in the field, including conflicts between Western and Asian corporate governance environments, the rise of foreign ownership, and emerging markets. Enforcement issues are covered in Part IV, and Part V takes a broader approach, examining those areas of law and finance that are interwoven with corporate governance, including insolvency, taxation, and securities law as well as financial regulation. The Handbook is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary resource placing corporate law and governance in its wider context, and is essential reading for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers in the field.
Download or read book Fairness Compendium written by and published by Andrew Smith. This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is accepted practice that a dissenting stockholder is entitled to receive the intrinsic value of his share in a going concern. Additionally, while no one methodology represents the means by which to value what a stockholder is entitled to receive, it is clear that a liquidation value is not appropriate in most going concern valuations.
Download or read book Company Law in Context written by David Kershaw and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2012-06-28 with total page 945 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Company Law in Context' is an ideal main text for company law courses. David Kershaw places company law in its economic, business, and social context, making more accessible and relevant the cases, statutes, and other forms of regulation. A running case study provides a practical perspective.
Download or read book U S Mergers and Acquisitions written by Felix Lessambo and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2022-11-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A merger or acquisition is one of the most significant events in the life of a firm and the consequences thereof are multi-faceted: Directors’ fiduciary duties, shareholders’ rights, valuation methods, structuring, and financing of the deal, to cite a few. Moreover, it requires an army of savvy professionals (accountants and investment banks, etc.) throughout the process; those understanding the technicalities of M&A guarantees and preventing costly missteps. This book explains the steps, distilling the process of both the legal and financial aspects of M&A, for both students and practitioners.
Download or read book U C Davis Law Review written by University of California, Davis. School of Law and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Fiduciary Law written by Evan J. Criddle and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-04-29 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Fiduciary Law provides a comprehensive overview of critical topics in fiduciary law and theory through chapters authored by leading scholars. The Handbook opens with surveys of the many fields of law in which fiduciary duties arise, including agency law, trust law, corporate law, pension law, bankruptcy law, family law, employment law, legal representation, health care, and international law. Drawing on these surveys, the Handbook offers a synthetic analysis of fiduciary law's key concepts and principles. Chapters in the Handbook explore the defining features of fiduciary relationships, clarify the distinctive fiduciary duties that arise in these relationships, and identify the remedies available for breach of fiduciary duties. The volume also provides numerous comparative perspectives on fiduciary law from eminent legal historians and from scholars with deep expertise in a diverse array of the world's legal systems. Finally, the Handbook lays the groundwork for future research on fiduciary law and theory by highlighting cross-cutting themes, identifying persistent theoretical and practical challenges, and exploring how the field could be enriched through empirical analysis and interdisciplinary insights from economics, philosophy, and psychology. Unparalleled in its breadth and depth of coverage, The Oxford Handbook of Fiduciary Law represents an invaluable resource for practitioners, policymakers, scholars, and students in this essential field of law.
Download or read book Corporations and Citizenship written by Greg Urban and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2014-05-26 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: President Theodore Roosevelt once proclaimed, "Great corporations exist only because they are created and safeguarded by our institutions, and it is therefore our right and duty to see that they work in harmony with those institutions." But while corporations are ostensibly regulated by citizens through their governments, the firms in turn regulate many aspects of social and political life for individuals beyond their own employees and the communities that support them. Corporations are endowed with many of the same rights as citizens, such as freedom of speech, but are not themselves typically constituted around ideals of national belonging and democracy. In the wake of the global financial collapse of 2008, the question of what relationship corporations should have to governing institutions has only increased in urgency. As a democratically sanctioned social institution, should a corporation operate primarily toward profit accumulation or should its proper goal be to provision society with needed goods and services? Corporations and Citizenship addresses the role of modern for-profit corporations as a distinctive kind of social formation within democratic national states. Scholars of legal studies, business ethics, politics, history, and anthropology bring their perspectives to bear on particular case studies, such as Enron and Wall Street, as well as broader issues of belonging, social responsibility, for-profit higher education, and regulation. Together, these essays establish a complex and detailed understanding of the ways corporations contribute positively to human well-being as well as the dangers that they pose. Contributors: Joel Bakan, Jean Comaroff, John Comaroff, Cynthia Estlund, Louis Galambos, Rosalie Genova, Peter Gourevitch, Karen Ho, Nien-hê Hsieh, Walter Licht, Jonathan R. Macey, Hirokazu Miyazaki, Lynn Sharp Paine, Katharina Pistor, Amy J. Sepinwall, Jeffery Smith, Jeffrey L. Sturchio, Greg Urban.
Download or read book Rethinking Securities Law written by Marc I. Steinberg and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book focuses on a very timely and important subject that merit s comprehensive analysis: "rethinking" the securities laws, with particular emphasis on the Securities Act and Securities Exchange Act. The system of securities regulation that prevails today in the United States is one that has been formed through piecemeal federal legislation, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in vocation of its administrative authority, and self-regulatory episodic action. As a consequence, the presence of consistent and logical regulation all too often is lacking. In both transactional and litigation settings, with frequency, mandates apply that are erratic and antithetical to sound public policy. Over four decades ago, the American Law Institute (ALI) adopted the ALI Federal Securities Code. The Code has not been enacted by Congress and its prospects are dim. Since that time, no treatise, monograph, or other source comprehensively has focused on this meritorious subject. The objective of this book is to identify the deficiencies that exist under the current regimen, address their failings, provide recommendations for rectifying these deficiencies, and set forth a thorough analysis for remediation in order to prescribe a consistent and sound securities law framework. By undertaking this challenge, the book provides an original and valuable resource for effectuating necessary law reform that should prove beneficial to the integrity of the U.S. capital markets, effective and fair government and private enforcement, and the enhancement of investor protection"--
Download or read book Research Handbook on the Economics of Corporate Law written by Claire A. Hill and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2012-04-01 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprising essays specially commissioned for the volume, leading scholars who have shaped the field of corporate law and governance explore and critique developments in this vibrant and expanding area and offer possible directions for future research. This important addition to the Research Handbooks in Law and Economics series provides insights into subjects such as the role of directors, shareholders, creditors and employees; empirical studies of litigation and shareholder activism; executive compensation; corporate gatekeepers; comparative law; and behavioral approaches to law and finance. Topics are organized within five sections: corporate constituencies, insider governance, gatekeepers, jurisdiction, and new theory. Taken as a whole, the volume serves as an introduction for those new to the field and as a reference for those unfamiliar with some of the topics discussed. Authoritative and accessible, the Research Handbook on the Economics of Corporate Law will be a valuable resource for students, scholars, and practitioners of corporate law and economics.
