Download or read book Crossroads to Islam written by Yehuda D. Nevo and published by Prometheus Books. This book was released on 2003-06 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this controversial exploration of the early history of Islam, archaeologist Yehuda D. Nevo and researcher Judith Koren present a revolutionary theory of the origins and development of the Islamic state and religion. Whereas most works on this subject derive their view of the history of this period from the Muslim literature, Crossroads to Islam also examines important types of evidence hitherto neglected: the literature of the local (Christian) population, archaeological excavations, numismatics, and especially rock inscriptions. These analyses lay the foundation for a radical view of the development of Islam.According to Nevo and Koren, the evidence suggests that the Arabs were in fact pagan when they assumed power in the regions formerly ruled by the Byzantine Empire. They contend that the Arabs took control almost without a struggle, because Byzantium had effectively withdrawn from the area long before. After establishing control, the new Arab elite adopted a simple monotheism influenced by Judaeo-Christianity, which they encountered in their newly acquired territories, and gradually developed it into the Arab religion. Not until the mid-8th century was this process completed.This interpretation of the evidence corroborates the view of other scholars, who on different grounds propose that Islam and the canonized version of the Koran were preceded by a long period of development. This new view turns on its head the traditional history of the rise of Islam, which claims that Islam began with Muhammad in Mecca and Medina around 622; then spread throughout Arabia under his charismatic leadership; and finally, after Muhammad''s death (632), inspired his followers to conquer widespread territories both in the East and West. By contrast, Nevo and Koren suggest that the rise of the Arab state created a need for a state religion, eventually called Islam.This absorbing and controversial rethinking of Islam''s early history is must reading for students and scholars of Islamic history and anyone interested in the origins of the world''s second largest religion.

Download or read book Species written by M.F. Claridge and published by Taylor & Francis US. This book was released on 1997-03-31 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major thrust of scientific concern in recent years has been the problem of documenting and conserving biodiversity and the establishment of systems of sustainable development. This volume reviews the practical application of concepts and technologies.

Download or read book Russian Learners Dictionary written by Nicholas Brown and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-05 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dictionary contains 10,000 Russian words in order of importance starting with the most common and finishing with words that occur about 8 times in a million. All the words have English translations, many have examples of usage and the entries include information on stress and grammatical irregularities. There is also a complete alphabetical index to the words in the list. A learner who knows all or most of these 10,000 words can be regarded as competent in Russian for all normal purposes. The list takes you from a beginner's core vocabulary through to postgraduate level.

Download or read book Standards for the Growing Harvesting Packing and Holding of Produce for Human Consumption Us Food and Drug Administration Regulation Fda 2018 Edition written by The Law The Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-09-23 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Standards for the Growing, Harvesting, Packing, and Holding of Produce for Human Consumption (US Food and Drug Administration Regulation) (FDA) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Standards for the Growing, Harvesting, Packing, and Holding of Produce for Human Consumption (US Food and Drug Administration Regulation) (FDA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 To minimize the risk of serious adverse health consequences or death from consumption of contaminated produce, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA or we) is establishing science-based minimum standards for the safe growing, harvesting, packing, and holding of produce, meaning fruits and vegetables grown for human consumption. FDA is establishing these standards as part of our implementation of the FDA Food Safety and Modernization Act. These standards do not apply to produce that is rarely consumed raw, produce for personal or on-farm consumption, or produce that is not a raw agricultural commodity. In addition, produce that receives commercial processing that adequately reduces the presence of microorganisms of public health significance is eligible for exemption from the requirements of this rule. The rule sets forth procedures, processes, and practices that minimize the risk of serious adverse health consequences or death, including those reasonably necessary to prevent the introduction of known or reasonably foreseeable biological hazards into or onto produce and to provide reasonable assurances that the produce is not adulterated on account of such hazards. We expect the rule to reduce foodborne illness associated with the consumption of contaminated produce. This book contains: - The complete text of the Standards for the Growing, Harvesting, Packing, and Holding of Produce for Human Consumption (US Food and Drug Administration Regulation) (FDA) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section

Download or read book Minutes Official Record written by Methodist Episcopal Church. Iowa Conference and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Toward Speaking Excellence written by Dean Papajohn and published by University of Michigan Press ELT. This book was released on 2005 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new edition of Toward Speaking Excellence addresses the recent changes to the Test of Spoken English (TSE(R)). The text introduces readers to the format of the new TSE(R), typical questions, and scoring criteria. The second edition of Toward Speaking Excellence includes actual student responses that are used or modified to highlight specific characteristics of effective communication. Two complete sample TSE(R)-like tests are included for further practice. Also provided are practice with some of the skills that, while no longer tested on the TSE(R), are key to sounding more native-like and fluent. Toward Speaking Excellence may be used as an individual study tool or as a course text. While the material is directed toward the TSE(R) and SPEAK(R) tests, the communication strategies presented will prepare students for other types of oral exams (including the TAST(R), interviews, and performance tests. Toward Speaking Excellence is a course book but may also be used for individual test-preparation/self-study. Dean Papajohn is a Specialist in Education at the Center for Teaching Excellence, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign..

Download or read book Information Highlighting in Advanced Learner English written by Marcus Callies and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the first detailed and comprehensive study of information highlighting in advanced learner language, echoing the increasing interest in questions of near-native competence in SLA research and contributing to the description of advanced interlanguages. It examines the production and comprehension of specific means of information highlighting in English by native speakers and German learners of English as a foreign language, presenting triangulated experimental and learner corpus data as corroborating evidence. The study focuses on learners' use of discourse-pragmatically motivated variations of the basic word order such as inversion, preposing, and it- and wh-clefts, an underexplored field in SLA research to date.The book also provides a critical re-assessment of the study of pragmatics within SLA. It has largely been neglected to date that L2 pragmatic knowledge includes more than the sociopragmatic and pragmalinguistic abilities for understanding and performing speech acts. Thus, the book argues for an extension of the scope of inquiry in interlanguage pragmatics beyond the cross-cultural investigation of speech acts. It also discusses pedagogical implications for foreign language teaching and will be of interest to applied linguists and SLA researchers, language teachers and curriculum designers.

Download or read book Directors Liability and Indemnification written by Edward Smerdon and published by Globe Law and Business Limited. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Directors' liabilities have been a key concern in boardrooms since the various high-profile corporate failures in Europe and the United States over the past two decades, when regulation increased and shareholders' and companies' rights to bring civil claims were extended. The current financial crisis will inevitably bring with it greater risks and challenges for directors. There is an increasingly aggressive environment for civil claims, fuelled by insolvencies, shareholders' pressure and public outcry. The attention of the regulators is also ever more sharply focussed on directors' conduct. directors are understandably looking closely at the protection available to them, through both indemnification and directors' and officers' insurance. The exposures faced by directors and the extent to which indemnification and insurance may provide protection vary significantly around the world. This comprehensive second edition features contributions by leading experts on the important aspects of directors' liability, the protection available to directors and the risks of doing business in multiple jurisdictions. New to the second edition are chapters on China, the Czech Republic, Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, South Korea and the United Arab Emirates. In addition to civil claims and indemnification, each chapter now includes commentary on regulatory and criminal liability. Particular focus is placed on the impact of the credit crisis. There is also a new section dealing with regulatory issues surrounding global directors' and officers' programmes and their ability to provide cover in all intended jurisdictions. Unique in its approach, this forthcoming second edition is a powerful tool in assisting directors, officers, in-house counsel and the private practice laywers advising them to make well-informed judgements about the risks they are taking.

Download or read book Mallard Fillmore written by Bruce Tinsley and published by Andrews McMeel Pub. This book was released on 1995 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mallard Fillmore lampoons everything from political correctness to Phil, Oprah, and Geraldo to our government's insatiable appetite for spending our money. His marvelous supporting cast includes wickedly wonderful cariacatures of everyone who's anyone, from Hollywood to D.C. to Arkansas.

Download or read book Emerging Issues in Occupational Health Psychology written by Jose M. Leon Perez and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2021-12-27 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book compiles the cutting-edge research published in the Special Issue "Emerging Issues in Occupational Health Psychology" (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health). The articles included in this book use strong and innovative theoretical approaches to provide evidence regarding the importance of working characteristics and resources to promote healthier and more sustainable environments in which employees can be happy and productive.

Download or read book Technical Explanation of H R 4287 Tax Fairness and Economic Growth Act of 1992 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: