Download or read book Failure Atlas for Rolling Bearings in Wind Turbines written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Atlas is structured as a supplement to the book: T.E. Tallian: Failure Atlas for Hertz Contact Machine Elements, 2nd edition, ASME Press New York, (1999). The content of the atlas comprises plate pages from the book that contain bearing failure images, application data, and descriptions of failure mode, image, and suspected failure causes. Rolling bearings are a critical component of the mainshaft system, gearbox and generator in the rapidly developing technology of power generating wind turbines. The demands for long service life are stringent; the design load, speed and temperature regimes are demanding and the environmental conditions including weather, contamination, impediments to monitoring and maintenance are often unfavorable. As a result, experience has shown that the rolling bearings are prone to a variety of failure modes that may prevent achievement of design lives. Morphological failure diagnosis is extensively used in the failure analysis and improvement of bearing operation. Accumulated experience shows that the failure appearance and mode of failure causation in wind turbine bearings has many distinguishing features. The present Atlas is a first effort to collect an interpreted database of specifically wind turbine related rolling bearing failures and make it widely available. This Atlas is structured as a supplement to the book: T.E. Tallian: Failure Atlas for Hertz Contact Machine Elements, 2d edition, ASME Press New York, (1999). The main body of that book is a comprehensive collection of self-contained pages called Plates, containing failure images, bearing and application data, and three descriptions: failure mode, image and suspected failure causes. The Plates are sorted by main failure mode into chapters. Each chapter is preceded by a general technical discussion of the failure mode, its appearance and causes. The Plates part is supplemented by an introductory part, describing the appearance classification and failure classification systems used, and by several indexes. The present Atlas is intended as a supplement to the book. It has the same structure but contains only Plate pages, arranged in chapters, each with a chapter heading page giving a short definition of the failure mode illustrated. Each Plate page is self contained, with images, bearing and application data, and descriptions of the failure mode, the images and the suspected causes. Images are provided in two resolutions: The text page includes 6 by 9 cm images. In addition, high resolution image files are attached, to be retrieved by clicking on their 'push pin' icon. While the material in the present Atlas is self-contained, it is nonetheless a supplement to the book and the complete interpretation of the terse image descriptions and of the system underlying the failure code presupposes familiarity with the book. Since this Atlas is a supplement to the book, its chapter numbering follows that of the book. Not all failure modes covered in the book have been found among the observed wind turbines. For that reason, and because of the omission of introductory matter, the chapter numbers in this Atlas are not a continuous sequence.
Download or read book Failure Atlas for Rolling Bearings in Wind Turbines written by T. E. Tallian and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rolling bearings are a critical component of the mainshaft system, gearbox and generator in the rapidly developing technology of power generating wind turbines. The demands for long service life are stringent; the design load, speed and temperature regimes are demanding and the environmental conditions including weather, contamination, impediments to monitoring and maintenance are often unfavorable. This atlas is structured as a supplement to the book: T.E. Tallian: Failure Atlas for Hertz Contact Machine Elements, 2nd edition, ASME Press New York, (1999). The content of the atlas comprises plate pages from the book that contain bearing failure images, application data, and descriptions of failure mode, image, and suspected failure causes.
Download or read book Failure Atlas for Rolling Bearings in Wind Turbines Scholar s Choice Edition written by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (Nr and published by . This book was released on 2015-01-29 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Failure Atlas for Hertz Contact Machine Elements written by T. E. Tallian and published by American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This book was released on 1999 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New edition of a photographic failure documentation relating to Hertz machine elements. Part I (general information), comprises a review of background, failure classification codes, and appearance classification tables. Part II (plates), the main body of the book, is composed of a series of bandw image pages, each of which illustrates one major failure class. An introduction to each chapter describes the definition, failure process, appearance, causes, and effect of the failure mode(s) covered. Concludes with a section of color illustrations. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Rolling Bearings Handbook and Troubleshooting Guide written by Raymond A. Guyer, Jr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-10-15 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook shows how to prevent bearing failure, how to avoid replacement and down-time costs, and how to solve bearing failure problems quickly when they do occur - avoiding delayed orders and lost business. No other handbook covers such a wide range of bearing types and seals, shafts and housing, materials and manufacture. There is no other troubleshooting guide to help technicians and mechanics monitor, mount and dismount, and lubricate correctly. Rolling Bearings Handbook and Troubleshooting Guide puts the right maintenance and diagnostic procedures at your fingertips.
Download or read book Characterization of the High Speed Stage Bearing Skidding of Wind Turbine Gearboxes Induced by Dynamic Electricity Grid Events written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bearing behavior is an important factor for wind turbine drivetrain reliability. Extreme loads and dynamic excitations pose challenges to the bearing design and therefore its performance. Excessive skidding of the bearing rollers should be avoided because it can cause scuffing failures. Excitations coming from wind and the electricity grid can subject the drivetrain to fluctuating torque and nontorque loads. Wind-induced excitations have been investigated predominantly in literature. However, modern wind turbines are subjected more and more to grid-induced loads because of stricter electricity grid regulations. For example, during fault-ride-through events, turbines are required to stay connected for a longer period of time during the grid failure. This work investigates the influence of electrically induced excitations on the skidding behaviour of the tapered roller bearings on the high-speed stage of a wind turbine gearbox. This skidding behaviour during dynamic events is described as a potential bearing failure initiator by many researchers; however, only limited full-scale dynamic testing is documented. Therefore, a dedicated gridloss-type event is defined in the paper and conducted in a dynamometer test on a full-scale wind turbine nacelle. During the event, a complete electricity grid failure is simulated while the turbine is at rated speed and predefined torque levels. Particular focus is on the characterization of the high-speed shaft tapered roller bearing slip behavior. Strain-gauge bridges in grooves along the circumference of the outer ring are used to characterize the bearing load zone in detail. It is shown that during the torque reversals of the transient event, roller slip can be induced. This indicates the potential of the applied load case to go beyond the preload of the tapered roller bearing. Furthermore, the relation between the applied torque and skidding level is studied.
Download or read book Roller Sliding in Wind Turbine Gearbox High speed shaft Bearings written by David Vaes and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Materials Failure Analysis With Case Studies from the Construction Industries written by Abdel Salam Hamdy Makhlouf and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Materials Failure Analysis: With Case Studies from the Construction Industry provides a thorough understanding of the reasons materials fail in certain situations, covering important scenarios including material defects, mechanical failure due to various causes, and improper material selection and/or corrosive environment. The book begins with a general overview of materials failure analysis and its importance, and then logically proceeds from a discussion of the failure analysis process, types of failure analysis, and specific tools and techniques, to chapters on analysis of materials failure from various causes. Failure can occur for several reasons, including: materials defects-related failure, materials design-related failure, or corrosion-related failures. The suitability of the materials to work in a definite environment is an important issue. The results of these failures can be catastrophic in the worst case scenarios, causing loss of life. This important reference covers the most common types of materials failure, and provides possible solutions. Provides the most up-to-date and balanced coverage of failure analysis, combining foundational knowledge and current research on the latest developments and innovations in the field Offers an ideal accompaniment for those interested in materials forensic investigation, failure of materials, static failure analysis, dynamic failure analysis, and fatigue life prediction Presents compelling new case studies from key industries to demonstrate concepts and to assist users in avoiding costly errors that could result in catastrophic events
Download or read book Investigation of Roller Sliding in Wind Turbine Gearbox High speed shaft Bearings written by David Vaes and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rolling Bearing Tribology written by Gary Doll and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-08-25 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rolling Bearing Tribology: Tribology and Failure Modes of Rolling Element Bearings discusses these machine elements that are used to accommodate motion on or about shafts in mechanical systems, with ball bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, spherical roller bearings, and tapered roller bearings reviewed. Each bearing type experiences different kinds of motion and forces with their respective raceway, retainers and guiding flanges. The material in this book identifies the tribology of the major bearing types and how that tribology depends upon materials, surfaces and lubrication. In addition, the book describes the best practices to mitigate common failure modes of rolling element bearings. Discusses important tribological implications surrounding the performance and durability of rolling element bearings Describes how the different types of roller bearings work Explores the reasons behind the failure of roller bearings and presents information on how to mitigate those failures
Download or read book Investigating Main and High Speed Shaft Bearing Reliability through Uptower Testing written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most prevalent failure modes in wind turbine drivetrains are main bearing failures stemming from micropitting, white etching or axial cracks in gearbox bearings, and generator bearing failures. These failures are neither well understood nor accounted for in design standards; consequently, the mitigation strategies being developed and fielded may only partially address the physics of failure and can take years to assess. The U.S. Department of Energy continues to support research programs to investigate the influence of rolling element sliding on the formation of bearing axial cracks and main bearing micropitting.
Download or read book Rolling Bearings written by Technical Committee ISO/TC 4, Rolling Bearings and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Failure Analysis and Thermochemical Surface Engineering of Bearings in the Wind Turbine Drivetrain written by Ole H. E. West and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Main Bearing Replacement and Damage A Field Data Study on 15 Gigawatts of Wind Energy Capacity written by and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study seeks to establish a comprehensive baseline of knowledge for the replacement and damage of main bearings in wind turbines. The purpose of this report is to provide a high-level summary of the data set, methodology, and results of this work. Full technical details and an extended analysis will be made available in a future publication. We collected data on main bearing replacements and reported damage from industrial partners based in Europe and the United States. In total, we obtained data for 167 wind power plants, with a combined capacity of 15.3 gigawatts (GW). Most of the data set was comprised of land-based, three-point mount, spherical roller bearings. Within this data set were 689 instances of main bearing replacement. Analysis was undertaken in two parts: first, a statistical analysis of the main bearing time-to-replacement data using survival analysis techniques; second, quantitative and qualitative analyses of the obtained damage information. Our results showed that 10% of a fixed main bearing population would be expected to have been replaced by 10.5 years. This is close to half of the 20-year design value. Fitted parametric distributions then indicated that by year 20, between 22% and 25% of main bearings are expected to have been replaced. Analysis of the damage reports revealed spalling to be the main type of damage listed. The additional presence of surface damage in the collected data indicates that at least part of the spalling cases are likely due to surface-initiated rolling contact fatigue. At this stage is not clear what proportion of spalling cases result from "wear induced", surface-initiated and subsurface-initiated rolling contact fatigue. While this work provides important insights into the current state of main bearing replacements and damage, many questions remain. An ongoing and expanding data collection and analysis effort focused on wind turbine main bearings is therefore recommended.
Download or read book Analysis of the Premature Failure of Wind Turbine Gearbox Bearings written by Thomas Bruce and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tribological Analysis of White Etching Crack WEC Failures in Rolling Element Bearings written by Arnaud Ruellan Du Créhu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite constant expansion and engineering progress, wind turbines still present unexpected failures of heavy duty mechanical components drastically affecting the cost of energy. Among the most prevalent tribological failures in wind turbine rolling element bearings, a peculiar rolling contact fatigue mode has been associated to broad subsurface three-dimensional branching crack networks bordered by white etching microstructure, and thus named White Etching Cracks (WEC). Compared to conventional microstructural alterations, WECs tend to develop at moderate loads and cycles eventually leading to premature failures that remain unpredictable using fatigue life estimations. Far from being generic to specific manufacturers, WECs occur in various industrial applications, for various bearing types, components, lubricants, steels grades and heat treatments. As WEC occurrences present no common evident denominator, they remain delicate to reproduce on laboratory test rigs without prior artificial hydrogen charging, so that no consensus on WEC formation mechanisms have been confirmed yet. In this study, a thorough tribological analysis of WEC formation mechanisms has been led. Expertise protocols have been established to best reveal and observe WECs that commonly develop at unconventional locations versus the contact area. First analysis of WEC reproductions on standard rolling element bearings either hydrogen precharged or kept neutral have signified that artificial hydrogen charging, commonly employed to apprehend the failure mode, results in similar WEC morphologies but tends to alter WEC tribological initiation. In consequence, WEC reproductions in remarkably different configurations but without hydrogen charging have been compared in order to propose a better understanding of WEC surface-affected formation mechanisms: first, initiation via tribochemical hydrogen permeation at nascent steel surfaces formed either directly at the raceway or at surface microcracks flanks and second, propagation by local hydrogen embrittlement at crack tips function of the stress state. An extensive root cause analysis have then been led suggesting that WEC may be associated to various combinations of macroscopic operating conditions that often interact and come down to similar tribological parameters including high sliding energy thresholds, specific lubricant formulations and tribochemical drivers such as water contamination and/or electrical potentials. Further investigations on a minimalist twin-disc fatigue tribometer have provided additional evidence that WEC influent drivers are non-self-sufficient, supporting that WEC formation mechanisms rely on a subtle equilibrium between tribo-material, tribo-mechanical and tribo-chemical drivers that all should be mastered to design efficient and durable countermeasures.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
