Download or read book Factors Related to HIV Infection Among Men who Have Sex with Men in Northern California written by William F. Morefield and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies of Incidence Prevalence and Risk Factors for HIV Infection in Special Populations of Men who Have Sex with Men written by Trista Amber Bingham and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Individual Or Neighborhood Factors written by Henry Fisher Raymond and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of new HIV infections occur among high-risk groups such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and transfemales. Segments of these populations are also more likely to be economically disadvantaged. Economic disadvantage or low socioeconomic status has been linked to disease acquisition, morbidities and mortality. Interventions have been proposed to address these health issues through the reduction of poverty. However, this approach to intervention does not address underlying structural factors such as high HIV prevalence in impoverished neighborhoods and thus in social and sexual networks. The present analysis examines low individual socioeconomic status and /or social and sexual network factors and their relationship to HIV acquisition risk among three populations at high-risk for HIV infection. Geographic analysis examined residential patterns and neighborhood patterns of HIV prevalence in San Francisco. Data collected in San Francisco from White MSM, Black MSM and transfemales were analyzed using Poisson regression to determine the factors associated with engaging in more episodes of potentially serodiscordant unprotected receptive anal intercourse. As expected, transfemales and Black MSM were more likely to live in areas of higher HIV prevalence and lower income compared to White MSM. Interestingly the areas of higher HIV prevalence and lower income were also the areas with greater numbers of HIV prevention and care services. Black MSM and transfemales had lower socioeconomic status (SES) scores compared to White MSM. Black MSM were more likely to report serodiscordant partnerships and higher numbers of potentially serodiscordant unprotected sex acts. Decreasing SES and increasing neighborhood HIV/AIDS case density did not predict serodiscordant partnerships in any group. Increasing neighborhood HIV prevalence predicted an increase in the number of potentially serodiscordant unprotected sex acts among transfemales and Black MSM but only significantly so for transfemales. HIV prevention interventions must also consider neighborhood factors such as neighborhood HIV prevalence in addition to considering individual level behavior change.
Download or read book Risk and Protective Factors Related to HIV risk Behavior written by Jason C. Forney and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sexual Practices and Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Men in San Francisco written by Michael Claude Samuel and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book No Turning Back written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book HIV and Men who Have Sex with Men in Asia and the Pacific written by Roger Winder and published by Unaids Regional Support Team East and Southern Africa. This book was released on 2006 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term "men who have sex with men" - frequently shortened to MSM - describes a behaviour rather than a specific group of people. It includes self-identified gay, bisexual, transgendered or heterosexual men. Many men who have sex with men do not consider themselves gay or bisexual. They are often married, particularly where discriminatory laws or social stigma of male sexual relations exist. Largely because of the taboo, the female partners of men who have sex with men are often unaware of their partner's other liaisons, and the threat posed to themselves. Forced sex among men is not uncommon, especially in men-only environments such as prisons. Men who have sex with men are found in all societies, yet are largely invisible in many places. In terms of HIV, sex between men is significant because it can involve anal sex, which when unprotected carries a very high risk. Sex between men is thought to account for between 5 and 10% of global HIV infections, although the proportion of cases attributed to this mode of transmission varies considerably between countries. It is the predominant mode in much of the developed world. Globally less than one in twenty men who have sex with men have access to the HIV prevention and care services they need. Many factors contribute to this situation including denial by society and communities, stigma and discrimination, and human rights abuse. Vulnerability to HIV infection is increased where sex between men is criminalised, as men are either excluded from, or exclude themselves from, sexual health and welfare agencies out of fear. A range of interventions to reduce risk behaviours among men who have sex with men have proven successful, including: condom promotion, safer-sex campaigns and skills training; peer education with outreach programmes; and programmes tailored to subpopulations such as male sex workers and men in prisons. Specific policy measures are crucial for making prevention, care and support available to men who have sex with men. First and foremost, they must be included in national HIV programming and funding priorities. The governments must support organisations of men who have sex with men, enabling them to promote HIV prevention and care programmes and to participate in HIV planning and policymaking. Legislation should be changed, decriminalizing same-sex acts and providing protective laws against discrimination based on sexual orientation.
Download or read book The Global HIV Epidemics Among Men who Have Sex with Men written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Rights; Risk behavior; Cost-effectiveness; Low and middle income countries; Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Epidemic; Men who have sex with men; Attributable fraction; Intervention/Prevention; Homosexuality.
Download or read book Prevalence of HIV Infection and Related Risk Behaviors Among Young Latino Men who Have Sex with Men written by Assunta Ritieni and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Men at Risk written by Shari L. Dworkin and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2015-12-04 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a unique approach to HIV prevention at the intersection of sociological and public health research Although the first AIDS cases were attributed to men having sex with men, over 70% of HIV infections worldwide are now estimated to occur through sex between women and men. In Men at Risk, Shari L. Dworkin argues that the centrality of heterosexual relationship dynamics to the transmission of HIV means that both women and men need to be taken into account in gender-specific HIV/AIDS prevention interventions. She looks at the “costs of masculinity” that shape men’s HIV risks, such as their initiation of sex and their increased status from sex with multiple partners. Engaging with the common paradigm in HIV research that portrays only women—and not heterosexually active men—as being “vulnerable” to HIV, Dworkin examines the gaps in public health knowledge that result in substandard treatment for HIV transmission and infection among heterosexual men both domestically and globally. She examines a vast array of structural factors that shape men’s HIV transmission risks and also focuses on a relatively new category of global health programs with men known as “gender-transformative” that seeks to move men in the direction of gender equality in the name of improved health. Dworkin makes suggestions for the next generation of gender-transformative health interventions by calling for masculinities-based and structurally driven HIV prevention programming. Thoroughly researched and theoretically grounded, Men at Risk presents a unique approach to HIV prevention at the intersection of sociological and public health research.
Download or read book The Hidden Epidemic written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-03-28 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States has the dubious distinction of leading the industrialized world in overall rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), with 12 million new cases annually. About 3 million teenagers contract an STD each year, and many will have long-term health problems as a result. Women and adolescents are particularly vulnerable to these diseases and their health consequences. In addition, STDs increase the risk of HIV transmission. The Hidden Epidemic examines the scope of sexually transmitted infections in the United States and provides a critical assessment of the nation's response to this public health crisis. The book identifies the components of an effective national STD prevention and control strategy and provides direction for an appropriate response to the epidemic. Recommendations for improving public awareness and education, reaching women and adolescents, integrating public health programs, training health care professionals, modifying messages from the mass media, and supporting future research are included. The book documents the epidemiological dimensions and the economic and social costs of STDs, describing them as "a secret epidemic" with tremendous consequences. The committee frankly discusses the confusing and often hypocritical nature of how Americans deal with issues regarding sexualityâ€"the conflicting messages conveyed in the mass media, the reluctance to promote condom use, the controversy over sex education for teenagers, and the issue of personal blame. The Hidden Epidemic identifies key elements of effective, culturally appropriate programs to promote healthy behavior by adolescents and adults. It examines the problem of fragmentation in STD services and provides examples of communities that have formed partnerships between stakeholders to develop integrated approaches. The committee's recommendations provide a practical foundation on which to build an integrated national program to help young people and adults develop habits of healthy sexuality. The Hidden Epidemic was written for both health care professionals and people without a medical background and will be indispensable to anyone concerned about preventing and controlling STDs.
Download or read book Latino Gay Men and HIV written by Rafael M. Diaz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-12-02 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With research based on focus group and individual interviews in the United States, as well as a thorough and integrative review of the current literature, Latino Gay Men and HIV discusses the six main sociocultural factors in Latino communities -- machismo, homophobia, family cohesion, sexual silence, poverty and racism--which undermine safe sex practices. In an attempt to explain the alarmingly high incidence of unprotected intercourse in this population, this in-depth cultural and psychological analysis shows how an apparent incongruence between knowledge or intention and behavior can possess its own sociocultural logic and meaning.
Download or read book Risk Behaviors Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV Among Men who Have Sex with Men in Southern Vietnam written by Thuong Vu Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introductions: HIV infection is occurring more rapidly among men who have sex with men (MSM) than among other risk groups. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and factors associated with HIV, syphilis, urethral gonorrhea and chlamydia infection, and anal sexual positions among MSM in southern Vietnam. Methods: A total of 2768 MSM participated in several surveys implemented in eight southern provinces of Vietnam. Information on socio demographic factors, sexual behavior risks, and treatment seeking behaviors were obtained via face-to-face interviews. Blood and urine samples were collected for HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea and chlamydia testing. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with HIV, syphilis, urethral gonorrhea and chlamydia. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the correlates of anal sexual positions. Results: The prevalences (and 95%CI) of HIV, syphilis, urethral gonorrhea and chlamydia amongst MSM were 2.6% (2.0%-3.2%), 1.6% (1.1%-2.1%), 2.4% (1.7%-3.0%) and 4.3% (3.4%-5.1%), respectively. The prevalences of being exclusively insertive (EI), versatile and exclusively receptive (ER) among MSM were 25.6%, 64.5% and 9.9%, respectively. Demographic factors (age, marital status, whom currently living with, being religious, income, occupation), sexual risk behaviors (having ever had sex with a foreigner, condom use, anal sexual positions), alcohol use, recreational drug use, self assessment of HIV risk and syphilis seropositive were associated with HIV infection. Several factors were found to be associated with syphilis infection (occupation, HIV knowledge, multiple anal sex partners, condom use and HIV positive), urethral gonorrhea (religion, living with friends/male partners, engaging in sex with foreigners, middle/high income, ever acquired an STI and having urethral chlamydia), and chlamydia infection (age, occupation, exclusively receptive, drinking before anal sex, interaction between condom use and income and having urethral gonorrhea). Correlates of anal sexual positions included sociodemographic factors, sexual risk behaviors, recreational drug use, previous HIV testing, HIV and STI knowledge, STI related symptoms and receiving free or discounted-price condoms. Conclusions: HIV/STI and related risk behaviors are important public health issues among MSM in Southern Vietnam. On the basis of the study results, we make specific policy and intervention recommendations.
Download or read book Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Men who Have Sex with Men written by Heather Alisa Pines and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent clinical trial results suggest that new HIV prevention interventions, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis and treatment as prevention, protect against HIV infection. However, several barriers to widespread implementation of these interventions have been identified. In response to some of these challenges, many argue that new HIV prevention interventions should only be delivered to high-risk populations within integrated HIV prevention programs that consist of biomedical, behavioral, and structural interventions. In the United States, men who have sex with men (MSM) remain the most heavily HIV affected population, and thus will likely be the target of such programs. This dissertation aims to inform the development of MSM-specific HIV prevention programs by providing a better understanding of the situations in which new prevention strategies could have the greatest impact within this population. More specifically, this dissertation examines longitudinal patterns of sexual risk behavior, socio-demographic and behavioral factors associated with partnership type and serostatus, and individual-level and sexual event-level predictors of condom use during receptive anal intercourse among MSM. Chapter 2 is based on data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and demonstrates that HIV-negative MSM exhibit distinct sexual risk trajectories and that those following a high risk trajectory exhibit "seasons of risk" over time. Chapter 3 also uses data from the MACS to show that the reported number of male sexual partners is associated with partnership type and serostatus and that the magnitude and direction of this relationship differs by HIV status. Chapter 4 is based on longitudinal data from a cohort of racially/ethnically diverse HIV-negative MSM followed for one year in Los Angeles, and demonstrates that the effect of methamphetamine use on condom use during receptive anal intercourse at the sexual event-level is greatest in the context of non-main partnerships. Findings from this dissertation expand the current understanding of risk behaviors among MSM, and have implications for the development of integrated HIV prevention programs for MSM in the United States.
Download or read book Assessment of Risk Factors for HIV Infection Among Men who Have Sex with Men in the Metropolitan Area of Campinas City Brazil Using Respondent driven Sampling written by Maeve de Mello and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prevalence and Awareness of HIV Infection Among Men Who Have Sex with Men 21 Cities U S 2008 written by Barry Leonard and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In 2006, 57% of new HIV infections in the United States occurred among MSM. To estimate and monitor risk behaviors, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention¿s National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System (NHBS) collects data from metropolitan statistical areas using an anonymous cross-sectional interview of men at venues where MSM congregate, such as bars, clubs, and social organizations. This report summarizes NHBS data from 2008. Illustrations. This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find report.
Download or read book Preventing HIV Transmission written by National Research Council and Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-09-14 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses the interface of two major national problems: the epidemic of HIV-AIDS and the widespread use of illegal injection drugs. Should communities have the option of giving drug users sterile needles or bleach for cleaning needs in order to reduce the spread of HIV? Does needle distribution worsen the drug problem, as opponents of such programs argue? Do they reduce the spread of other serious diseases, such as hepatitis? Do they result in more used needles being carelessly discarded in the community? The panel takes a critical look at the available data on needle exchange and bleach distribution programs, reaches conclusions about their efficacy, and offers concrete recommendations for public policy to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS. The book includes current knowledge about the epidemiologies of HIV/AIDS and injection drug use; characteristics of needle exchange and bleach distribution programs and views on those programs from diverse community groups; and a discussion of laws designed to control possession of needles, their impact on needle sharing among injection drug users, and their implications for needle exchange programs.
