Download or read book Factors Related to Cyanobacterial Blooms and Their Toxicity in Two Western Washington Lakes written by Diane Collier and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water written by Ingrid Chorus and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-03-08 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyanobacterial toxins are among the hazardous substances most widely found in water. They occur naturally, but concentrations hazardous to human health are usually due to human activity. Therefore, to protect human health, managing lakes, reservoirs and rivers to prevent cyanobacterial blooms is critical. This second edition of Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water presents the current state of knowledge on the occurrence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins as well as their impacts on health through water-related exposure pathways, chiefly drinking-water and recreational activity. It provides scientific and technical background information to support hazard identification, assessment and prioritisation of the risks posed by cyanotoxins, and it outlines approaches for their management at each step of the water-use system. It sets out key practical considerations for developing management strategies, implementing efficient measures and designing monitoring programmes. This enables stakeholders to evaluate whether there is a health risk from toxic cyanobacteria and to mitigate it with appropriate measures. This book is intended for those working on toxic cyanobacteria with a specific focus on public health protection. It intends to empower professionals from different disciplines to communicate and cooperate for sustainable management of toxic cyanobacteria, including public health workers, ecologists, academics, and catchment and waterbody managers. Ingrid Chorus headed the department for Drinking-Water and Swimming-Pool Hygiene at the German Environment Agency. Martin Welker is a limnologist and microbiologist, currently with bioMérieux in Lyon, France.

Download or read book Cyanobacterial Bloom Dynamics in the Columbia River Basin written by Vanessa Jane Rose and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Together, eukaryotic algae and prokaryotic cyanobacteria comprise a taxonomically broad group known as phytoplankton that are vital energy producers in aquatic food webs. Cyanobacteria and some algae have the potential to form harmful blooms due to high biomass or production of toxins. Phytoplankton bloom magnitude, timing, and species composition are difficult to predict across freshwater systems because such dynamics are influenced by interacting abiotic and biotic factors, and are further altered by anthropogenic stressors such as climate change and eutrophication. The intent of this research was to explore phytoplankton, and specifically cyanobacterial, bloom dynamics across freshwater systems of the Columbia River (CR) basin, with a focus on growth and assemblage changes in response to biotic and abiotic factors. Key findings included:1.Regionally, chlorophyll a, total phosphorus, modeled dissolved inorganic phosphorus yield, and the land use classes 'developed open space' and 'low intensity' were positively related to cyanobacterial blooms, while water clarity, 'evergreen forest' and 'barren land' were negatively related to blooms. These factors may be useful in predictive modeling and in screening for systems at-risk of developing future blooms.2.Spill of water over run-of-river dams likely has minimal to no effect on the abundance of phytoplankton and microzooplankton above vs. below such dams in the lower CR. 3.Examination of a 14-year dataset from the lower CR revealed three phytoplankton assemblages distinct to spring/summer, fall, and winter seasons, with notable associations between the fall cyanobacteria/chlorophyte assemblage and elevated temperature and invasive zooplanktonic taxa. 4.The addition of nutrients and zooplankton grazers to the natural phytoplankton assemblage collected from western Washington lakes affected phytoplankton net growth rates in lakes of a low, but not high, trophic state. Collectively, these results underscore the variable effects that abiotic and biotic factors may have on phytoplankton blooms. These findings further highlight the regional importance of phosphorus in the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms, the connections between invasive zooplankton taxa, warm water temperatures, and cyanobacteria-dominated assemblages in the CR, and the importance of lake trophic state in phytoplankton response to future nutrient enrichment.

Download or read book Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms State of the Science and Research Needs written by H. Kenneth Hudnell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-13 with total page 955 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the ever-increasing incidence of harmful cyanobacterial algal blooms, this monograph has added urgency and will be essential reading for all sorts of researchers, from neuroscientists to cancer research specialists. The volume contains the proceedings of the 2005 International Symposium on Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms, and has been edited by H. Kenneth Hudnell, of the US Environmental Protection Agency. It contains much of the most recent research into the subject.

Download or read book Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water written by Ingrid Chorus and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-03-08 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyanobacterial toxins are among the hazardous substances most widely found in water. They occur naturally, but concentrations hazardous to human health are usually due to human activity. Therefore, to protect human health, managing lakes, reservoirs and rivers to prevent cyanobacterial blooms is critical. This second edition of Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water presents the current state of knowledge on the occurrence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins as well as their impacts on health through water-related exposure pathways, chiefly drinking-water and recreational activity. It provides scientific and technical background information to support hazard identification, assessment and prioritisation of the risks posed by cyanotoxins, and it outlines approaches for their management at each step of the water-use system. It sets out key practical considerations for developing management strategies, implementing efficient measures and designing monitoring programmes. This enables stakeholders to evaluate whether there is a health risk from toxic cyanobacteria and to mitigate it with appropriate measures. This book is intended for those working on toxic cyanobacteria with a specific focus on public health protection. It intends to empower professionals from different disciplines to communicate and cooperate for sustainable management of toxic cyanobacteria, including public health workers, ecologists, academics, and catchment and waterbody managers. Ingrid Chorus headed the department for Drinking-Water and Swimming-Pool Hygiene at the German Environment Agency. Martin Welker is a limnologist and microbiologist, currently with bioMérieux in Lyon, France.

Download or read book Lake Bonneville written by Grove Karl Gilbert and published by . This book was released on 1890 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Harmful Cyanobacteria written by Jef Huisman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-06-15 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This outstanding volume provides an up-to-date overview of the advances in our knowledge of harmful cyanobacteria. An essential reference for all scientists and environmental professionals interested in cyanobacterial ecology and water management.

Download or read book Cyanotoxins written by Ingrid Chorus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxic cyanobacteria are increasingly recognised as a potential hazard in water for human use. The recent availability of methods for quantitative screening is leading to a surge of research on their occurrence. This book presents a novel compilation of extensive screening results showing the cyanotoxin levels that may be expected when certain taxa dominate. These results indicate cyanotoxins to be the most widespread among the chemicals of concern in water used for drinking and recreation. It further combines field data with results from laboratory culture experiments to suggest a unifying view of how environmental factors control the cyanotoxin levels in natural waters. A practical section is dedicated to the exposure of humans through drinking-water and recreation.

Download or read book Assessment of Toxic Cyanobacterial Abundance at Hamilton Harbour from Analysis of Sediment and Water written by Miroslava Jonlija and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The western embayment of Lake Ontario, Hamilton Harbour, is one of the most polluted sites in the Laurentian Great Lakes and in recent years has seen a reoccurrence of cyanobacterial blooms. This study uses a multidisciplinary approach to examine the presences of toxic Cyanobacteria in the harbour in order to gain insight into these recurrent blooms. Microscopic analyses of phytoplankton samples collected during the 2009 summer-fall sampling season from two locations within the harbour showed the spatial and seasonal diversity of the contemporary cyanobacterial community. Microcystis colonies relative abundances in relation to total algal numbers were estimated. The lowest and highest relative abundances of Microcystis in the phytoplankton population were 0.6% and 9.7%, respectively, and showed seasonal variability between stations. Fourteen cyanobacterial genera comprising six families and three orders were identified and for which the most abundant filamentous genera during the summer-fall sampling season were Planktothrix, Aphanizomenon and Limnothrix. Potential microcystin producers Microcystis, Planktothrix, Aphanizomenon and Dolichospermum were also present and during the sampling period Microcystis was recorded at both stations on all dates, however, its relative abundance was below 10 % throughout the study period. The composition and abundance of filamentous cyanobacteria were observed to be positively statistically correlated to water quality environmental parameters dissolved nitrates (NO3/NO2), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and conductivity. Redundancy analysis (RDA) found that 53.35% total variance of Aphanizomenon was correlated to low water column NO3/NO2 and conductivity, and higher water column DIC. 58.13% of the relative abundance of Planktothrix was correlated to high concentrations of dissolved nitrates, while 51.69% of total variance of Limnothrix was correlated to higher DIC and lower water column dissolved nitrate concentrations. Information about past cyanobacterial communities was obtained from the sediment core analysis, using paleolimnological and modern molecular methods. The age of the 100.5 cm long sediment core retrieved from the deepest part of Hamilton Harbour was established to be 140 years (1869-2009), using the Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) 210Pb age model. This age was not sufficient to provide information of harbour's environmental conditions, presence of the blooms, and triggers for their occurrence before European settlement in the area. Results of the HPLC analysis of fossil pigments indicated that the dominant members of the algal community have not changed over the 140 years and that cyanobacteria were regular members of the phytoplankton community. The composition of the major chlorophyll pigments indicated high presence of Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta in the harbour at all times. The main algal groups identified on the basis of marker pigments presence, besides the Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta, were the Dinophyta and the Cryptophyta. The presence of a scytonemin derivative, compound B, indicated that cyanobacterial blooms were occurring in past, before the first officially recorded blooms in the 1960s. Cyanobacterial pigments presence indicated that Cyanobacteria have been a regular but not dominant feature of Hamilton Harbour phytoplankton in the past. To our knowledge, this study is the first one examining fossil pigments from Hamilton Harbour. Results of the PCR-DGGE molecular analysis of 16S rRNA-V3 gene fragments from sedimentary DNA revealed the presence of thirteen cyanobacterial genotypes. The temporal change in the cyanobacterial community composition was indicated by the increasing number of species over time, from the oldest to the most recent sediment layers. The deepest sediment strata showed the lowest number (two bands) and intensity of bands. The most recent sediment layer had the greatest numbers (11) and intensity of bands. This increased diversity indicated changing environmental conditions in the harbour, primarily nutrient pollution and worsening water quality. Results of the PCR-DGGE molecular analysis of mcyE-AMT gene fragments showed that Microcystis aeruginosa and Planktothrix rubescens were two microcystin producers present in Hamilton Harbour over the last 80 years. The persistent presence and resilience of these two genera indicated a more serious and longer-term issue of toxic blooms than previously recognized. Historical records show that noticeable anthropogenic impact on Lake Ontario environment has been measurable since the 1780s, the first dramatic impact on the Lake Ontario watershed was evident from the mid1880s, the earliest evidence of eutrophication in the lake occurred between 1820 and 1850, while human induced environmental changes in Hamilton Harbour date back ca. 350 years. In the 1960s, cyanobacterial blooms were first officially recognized in the harbour and the lower Great Lakes. The present research is the first report of the mcyE module and AMT domain of microcystin genes being amplified from sediment of North American lakes, and showed that toxic Cyanobacterial have been regular members of Hamilton Harbour phytoplankton community for almost a century. This research considerably deepened the knowledge of the past toxic cyanobacterial blooms in Hamilton Harbour and their possible causes. It also showed that in the absence of historical records, both the PCR-DGGE method and the mcyE-AMT gene may be used for reconstruction of the past toxic blooms not only in the Laurentian Great Lakes, but also in other aquatic regions of the world impacted by toxic cyanobacterial blooms. Also, it demonstrated the utility of the combined molecular and paleolimnological analyses, which might become a useful tool in the determination of the bloom causes factors and in the mitigation of the future production of toxic blooms.

Download or read book Predicting Cyanobacteria Blooms in 50 Lakes of Northwest Washington written by Chandra Terezina Llewellyn and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eutrophication is one of the foremost problems affecting our freshwater resources. Excessive nutrient loading impacts freshwater lakes by altering ecosystem processes and degrading water quality, often resulting in human-induced eutrophication. Worldwide, cyanobacteria blooms occur in many anthropogenically eutrophic lakes. Such blooms are of increasing concern in the Pacific Northwest because they negatively affect lake system and function. A major concern is their unpredictable production of toxins, which can be deadly to animals, including humans. Therefore, an improved understanding of the incidence and persistence of cyanobacteria blooms is a critical aspect of protecting our water supply. The goal of this thesis was to attempt to create a predictive model based on simple water quality characteristics that would classify lakes according to bloom status using a multivariate statistical approach. Additional possible bloom contributors such as, light availability, landscape properties, N:P ratios or other interactive effects were not investigated in this study. During 2007-2009, 50 lakes in Northwest Washington were sampled to measure standard water quality (water chemistry) parameters as part of the Institute of Watershed Studies' (IWS) small lakes monitoring project. In addition, algal samples were collected during 2007-2009. The IWS study created a water quality baseline for many previously unmonitored lakes and revealed that a number of lakes experienced cyanobacteria blooms. Previous studies have used high phosphorus as an indicator of cyanobacteria blooms. I tested phosphorus, as well as chlorophyll, as possible indicators of cyanobacteria blooms. Based on hierarchical, Kmeans and non-metric clustering, the lakes sampled by IWS can be clustered into two groups based on differences in conductivity, alkalinity, total phosphorus and turbidity. However, chlorophyll and phosphorus concentrations did not predict lakes that were dominated by cyanobacteria blooms. High phosphorus levels were usually associated with high chlorophyll levels, but high chlorophyll levels were not always associated with cyanobacteria dominance. Using the water chemistry, data high phosphorus was a good indicator of algal blooms, but could not be used as an exclusive predictor of cyanobacteria blooms. Linear discriminants analysis was used to build a predictive model based on the 2007-2008 water quality data to try to classify the 2009 samples by cyanobacteria dominance. The model was unsuccessful (30% success rate) in predicting cyanobacteria blooms within the 2009 data. Despite the fact that algal blooms are fairly predictable using water chemistry data, this study highlights the complexity of predicting harmful cyanobacteria blooms in the Pacific Northwest.

Download or read book Pollutant Effects in Freshwater written by J. Jacoby and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-06-01 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pollutant Effects in Freshwater provides a practical and concise introduction to the ecological consequences of water pollution in aquatic ecosystems. In tackling the problem of water quality deterioration, this book combines the limnological and water pollution literature to describe how pollutants in wastewater affect populations of organisms in freshwater environments. Substantially revised, updated and expanded, with additional specialist contributors, this retitled new edition of Ecological Effects of Wastewater will continue to focus on the effects and management of eutrophication, water quality standards to protect aquatic life, and widen the debate over micro organisms and their public health significance in the aquatic environment. With ever tighter controls on pollution levels of freshwater bodies being implemented and enforced world wide, this book is essential reading for students of public health and environmental engineering, and a reference tool for professionals in consultancies, contractors and for those in regulatory and enforcement bodies.

Download or read book Guidelines on recreational water quality Volume 1 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-07-12 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Use of coastal, estuarine and freshwater recreational environments has significant benefits for health and well-being, including rest, relaxation, exercise, cultural and religious practices, and aesthetic pleasure, while also providing substantial local, regional and national economic benefits. These guidelines focus on water quality management for coastal and freshwater environments to protect public health. The guidelines: 1. describe the current state of knowledge about the possible adverse health impacts of various forms of water pollution; and2. set out recommendations for setting national health-based targets, conducting surveillance and risk assessments, putting in place systems to monitor and control risks, and providing timely advice to users on water safety.These guidelines are aimed at national and local authorities, and other entities with an obligation to exercise due diligence relating to the safety of recreational water sites. They may be implemented in conjunction with other measures for water safety (such as drowning prevention and sun exposure) and measures for environmental protection of recreational water use sites.

Download or read book Toxic Microcystis written by Mariyo F. Watanabe and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-11-21 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses toxic Microcystis and the toxins from various viewpoints such as classification, cultivation, occurrences in lakes, and relations to zooplankton. The text presents new information on the chemistry, analytical chemistry, toxicology, molecular modeling, and liver tumor promotion of the toxins. Microcystis species are described in relation to morphological features, allozyme genotype, and toxin content. Seasonal changes of Microcystis population are described with special references to toxic species and composition of the toxins. Chemical characteristics of microcystins are reviewed and the process for identification of microcystins is described.

Download or read book Relationship Between Toxic Cyanobacterial Blooms Psycho chemical Factors and Multiple Source Excreta Contamination in Affected Watershed written by Valentina Muñoz Ramos and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Missisquoi Bay (MB) is a temperate eutrophic freshwater ecosystem located in an agricultural watershed and it frequently experiences toxic Microcystis-dominated cyanobacterial blooms. Cyanobacterial population dynamics are influenced by a plethora of factors that may differ from system to system, requiring a site-specific assessment of bloom-promoting factors to design more effective bloom prevention or remediation strategies. This is the first biomonitoring study that combined data from high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, qPCR and environmental parameters from temporal and spatial samples to identify the main bloom-promoting factors. In addition, high-throughput amplicon sequencing of mitochondrial DNA genes was performed to qualitatively identify potential external sources of nutrients originating from animal excreta. Particular emphasis was placed on 1) determining whether there was a link between nutrients from external sources and cyanobacterial blooms and 2) analyzing in situ the effect of environmental factors (particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations) on the dynamics of cyanobacterial community composition, abundance and toxicity.The concentrations of total P (TP) and total N (TN) in MB in 2009 correlated significantly with the abundance of total cyanobacterial cells, the Microcystis 16S rRNA and mcyD genes and intracellular microcystin. The results suggest that external sources of nutrients, such as surface runoff and animal excreta, played a significant role in the load of nutrients into the bay and thus in the proliferation of toxic cyanobacterial blooms. This was indicated by the detection of non-aquatic mitochondrial DNA hosts in the bay and the relationships between the pattern of surface runoff, nutrient concentrations, E. coli counts and total cyanobacterial abundance. Potential sources of nutrients from non-aquatic animal excreta in the system comprised rodents, birds, cattle and humans, indicating that efforts are required to control pollution from animal excreta in MB. During the growing season, the major cyanobacterial taxa were members of the orders Chroococcales and Nostocales. The genus Microcystis was identified as the main mcyD-carrier and main microcystin producer, hence the most problematic taxon in the cyanobacterial bloom. The correlations observed with environmental parameters suggest that increasing nutrient concentrations and TN:TP (mass) ratios approaching 11:1, coupled with an increase in temperature, promoted Microcystis-dominated toxic cyanobacterial blooms. Although the importance of nutrient ratios and absolute concentrations on cyanobacterial and Microcystis dynamics has been documented, this is the first time that an optimum TN:TP ratio for Microcystis dominance has been observed in the field. This observation provides further support to the theory that nutrient supply ratios are an important determinant of species composition in natural phytoplankton assemblages. Although the validity and prediction potential of this optimum ratio for Microcystis dominance has yet to be verified through longer-term studies, it may provide practical guidelines for nutrient management strategies to avoid the proliferation of this toxin producing cyanobacterial genus in MB. " --

Download or read book Environmental Predictors of Cyanobacteria Biovolumes and Algal Dominance in Liberty Lake WA written by Sandra Suzanne Mead and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Role of Iron in Suppressing Internal Phosphorus Loading and Toxic Cyanobacterial Blooms in Freshwater Lakes written by Diane Michelle Orihel and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harmful algal blooms occur in nutrient-rich lakes around the world, diminishing the value of these ecosystems for wildlife and humans. Management of algal blooms is an on-going challenge for lake managers and policy makers. The overarching goal of this research was to advance our understanding of the environmental factors leading to blooms of potentially toxic cyanobacteria in shallow eutrophic lakes, in order to guide effective management strategies to reduce their occurrence. First, I evaluated the nutrient conditions that lead to elevated levels of microcystins, a hepatotoxin produced by certain cyanobacteria, by consolidating a national database of nutrient and microcystin concentrations for Canadian lakes. Second, I tested whether nutrients released from sediments stimulate toxic cyanobacterial blooms by culturing the cyanobacterium Microcystis in overlying water harvested from incubated lake sediments. Third, I developed and evaluated a conceptual model to explain the biogeochemical pathways leading to toxic cyanobacterial blooms in shallow lakes, based on sediment and culture experiments and lake monitoring in a hypereutophic lake in Alberta, Canada. Fourth, I tested this conceptual model experimentally by manipulating iron loading to in-lake mesocosms and examining changes in sediment chemistry, nutrient cycling, algal biomass and community composition, and microcystin concentrations. The main conclusions of these studies are: (i) microcystins are prevalent in lakes across Canada, but only under high nutrient conditions and at low ratios of nitrogen-to-phosphorus; (ii) lake sediments release bioavailable nutrients that support the growth and toxin production of microcystin-producing cyanobacteria; (iii) toxic blooms of cyanobacteria in shallow lakes may result from the synergy between iron-deficient sediments and discontinuous polymixis; (iv) iron loading to lakes inhibits internal phosphorus loading, decreases algal biomass, discourages the dominance of cyanobacteria, and reduces microcystin concentrations. This research reaffirms the need for controlling internal phosphorus loading in shallow lakes of the Canadian Prairies, and suggests iron treatment may be an effective remediation strategy to complement external nutrient loading reductions. More broadly, this research emphasizes the important role of iron in influencing the trophic status of lakes, and raises concerns for how sulfur pollution and climate change may be exacerbating the problem of lake eutrophication.