Download or read book Fabrication of Two and Three Dimensional Photonic Crystals and Photonic Quasi Crystals by Interference Technique written by Ngoc Diep Lai and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fabrication of Two- and Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals and Photonic Quasi-Crystals by Interference Technique.

Download or read book Fabrication of Two and Three Dimensional Photonic Crystals and Photonic Quasi Crystals by Interference Technique written by Ngoc Diep Lai and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Photonic Crystals written by Kurt Busch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-12 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of the contributions in this topically edited book stems from the priority program SPP 1113 "Photonische Kristalle" run by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), resulting in a survey of the current state of photonic crystal research in Germany. The first part of the book describes methods for the theoretical analysis of their optical properties as well as the results. The main part is dedicated to the fabrication, characterization and modeling of two- and three-dimensional photonic crystals, while the final section presents a wide spectrum of applications: gas sensors, micro-lasers, and photonic crystal fibers. Illustrated in full color, this book is not only of interest to advanced students and researchers in physics, electrical engineering, and material science, but also to company R&D departments involved in photonic crystal-related technological developments.

Download or read book Photonic Crystals written by Jean-Michel Lourtioz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-19 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the theoretical background required for modelling photonic crystals and their optical properties, while presenting the large variety of devices where photonic crystals have found application. As such, it aims at building bridges between optics, electromagnetism and solid state physics. This second edition includes the most recent developments of two-dimensional photonic crystal devices, as well as some of the last results reported on metamaterials.

Download or read book Fabrication of Novel Three Dimensional Photonic Crystals Using Multi Beam Interference Lithography written by Vinayak Ramanan and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Photonic Crystals Theory Applications and Fabrication written by Dennis W Prather and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-05-26 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Only Source You Need for Understanding the Design and Applications of Photonic Crystal-Based Devices This book presents in detail the fundamental theoretical background necessary to understand the unique optical phenomena arising from the crystalline nature of photonic-crystal structures and their application across a range of disciplines. Organized to take readers from basic concepts to more advanced topics, the book covers: Preliminary concepts of electromagnetic waves and periodic media Numerical methods for analyzing photonic-crystal structures Devices and applications based on photonic bandgaps Engineering photonic-crystal dispersion properties Fabrication of two- and three-dimensional photonic crystals The authors assume an elementary knowledge of electromagnetism, vector calculus, Fourier analysis, and complex number analysis. Therefore, the book is appropriate for advanced undergraduate students in physics, applied physics, optics, electronics, and chemical and electrical engineering, as well as graduate students and researchers in these fields.

Download or read book Fabrication and Characterization of Three Dimensional Photonic Crystals Generated by Multibeam Interference Lithography written by Ying-Chieh Chen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multibeam interference lithography is investigated as a manufacturing technique for three-dimensional photonic crystal templates. In this research, optimization of the optical setup and the photoresist initiation system leads to a significant improvement of the optical quality of the crystal, as characterized by normal incidence optical spectroscopy. Theoretical spectra are calculated and demonstrate close agreement with experimental values, indicating that this fabrication process achieves excellent optical quality. X-ray microscopy provides non-destructive inspection of the fabricated crystals at nano-scale resolution. A reconstructed crystal model is generated by computed tomography which allows for comparison to a predicted structure's geometry and optical spectra. Using the polymer crystal as a template, electrodeposition is performed to completely infiltrate the crystal with Cu2O. After polymer removal the inverted Cu2O crystal exhibits a high peak reflectance at the predicted wavelength, indicating the structure is an exact inverse of the template. A conformal growth algorithm is developed for the commonly used chemical vapor deposition infiltration technique to explain growth results and verified experimentally with atomic layer deposition of oxide materials. Finally, a customized chemically amplified positive photoresist system and its processing steps are developed as a route to zero-shrinkage template material for high fidelity patterning of the designed interference patterns.

Download or read book Holography written by Joseph Rosen and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-02-28 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holography has recently become a field of much interest because of the many new applications implemented by various holographic techniques. This book is a collection of 22 excellent chapters written by various experts, and it covers various aspects of holography. The chapters of the book are organized in six sections, starting with theory, continuing with materials, techniques, applications as well as digital algorithms, and finally ending with non-optical holograms. The book contains recent outputs from researches belonging to different research groups worldwide, providing a rich diversity of approaches to the topic of holography.

Download or read book Photonic Crystals written by Qihuang Gong and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-06 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a broad overview of photonic crystals and, as the title suggests, covers their principles and applications. It is written from a physics point of view with an emphasis on materials science. Equations are well explained and often completely avoided to increase the readability of the book.The book is divided into eight chapters, st

Download or read book Sonic and Photonic Crystals written by Lien-Wen Chen and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-14 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sonic/phononic crystals termed acoustic/sonic band gap media are elastic analogues of photonic crystals and have also recently received renewed attention in many acoustic applications. Photonic crystals have a periodic dielectric modulation with a spatial scale on the order of the optical wavelength. The design and optimization of photonic crystals can be utilized in many applications by combining factors related to the combinations of intermixing materials, lattice symmetry, lattice constant, filling factor, shape of the scattering object, and thickness of a structural layer. Through the publications and discussions of the research on sonic/phononic crystals, researchers can obtain effective and valuable results and improve their future development in related fields. Devices based on these crystals can be utilized in mechanical and physical applications and can also be designed for novel applications as based on the investigations in this Special Issue.

Download or read book Photonic Crystals Physics and Technology written by Concita Sibilia and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-03 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the work is give an overview of the activity in the field of Photonic Crystal developed in the frame of COST P11 action . The main objective of the COST P11 action was to unify and coordinate national efforts aimed at studying linear and nonlinear optical interactions with Photonic Crystals (PCs), without neglecting an important aspect related to the material research as idea and methods of realizations of 3D PC, together with the development and implementation of measurement techniques for the experimental evaluation of their potential applications in different area, as for example telecommunication with novel optical fibers, lasers, nonlinear multi-functionality, display devices, opto-electronics, sensors. The book contains contributions from authors who gave their lecture at the Cost P11 Training School.

Download or read book Fabrication of Photonic Structures by Two Photon Polymerization written by and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2004-09-20 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publications of E. Yablonovitch and S. John in 1987 on the optical properties of three-dimensional periodic structures the interest on photonic crystals has increased rapidly mainly driven by progress in their theoretical description. On the experimental side, the fabrication of photonic crystals still remains a major challenge since the fabrication methods either lack quality, flexibility or resolution. Subject of this thesis is the development of a new technique for the generation of threedimensional structures on the sub-micrometer scale that is suitable for the fabrication of photonic crystals. The crystals fabricated using this technique are characterized and their optical properties are discussed. If near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses are tightly focused into the volume of a transparent, photosensitive resin, two-photon absorption within the focal volume leads to photopolymerization. By moving the laser focus three-dimensionally through the volume of the resin, any 3D structure can be fabricated by means of two-photon polymerization. After the polymerization process the non irradiated polymer can be etched away with special solvents leaving the solid 3D structure that was exposed by the focused femtosecond pulses. Due to the threshold behavior of the two-photon polymerization process, one can overcome the diffraction limit by choosing the applied peak laser fluence just slightly above the threshold for polymerization. In this case only the central part of the laser focus contributes to the polymerization process. It is shown that complicated 3D structures with a resolution as small as 100 nm can be fabricated by means of two-photon polymerization using a laser wavelength of l=780 nm. Woodpile structures having a face-centered-cubic symmetry and a photonic bandgap in the near infrared were fabricated with two-photon polymerization and were optically characterized by means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Since the refractive index contrast in polymeric crystals is not high enough to provide a complete photonic bandgap, the fabricated woodpile structures were used as templates for the infiltration with highly refractive TiO2 and subsequent calcination of the polymer. For the first time, TiO2 replica of near infrared woodpile structures are shown. By adapting available algorithms developed for rapid prototyping techniques to the needs of two-photon polymerization, arbitrary 3D structures could be transferred from a computer generated model to the real world with feature sizes far below the used laser wavelength. For the first time, optically high-quality organic-inorganic hybrid polymers (Ormocer's) have been used for the fabrication of 3D microstructures by means of two-photon polymerization.

Download or read book Fabrication and Characterization of Three Dimensional Photonic Crystals Generated by Multibeam Interference Lithography written by Ying-Chieh Chen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multibeam interference lithography is investigated as a manufacturing technique for three-dimensional photonic crystal templates. In this research, optimization of the optical setup and the photoresist initiation system leads to a significant improvement of the optical quality of the crystal, as characterized by normal incidence optical spectroscopy. Theoretical spectra are calculated and demonstrate close agreement with experimental values, indicating that this fabrication process achieves excellent optical quality. X-ray microscopy provides non-destructive inspection of the fabricated crystals at nano-scale resolution. A reconstructed crystal model is generated by computed tomography which allows for comparison to a predicted structure's geometry and optical spectra. Using the polymer crystal as a template, electrodeposition is performed to completely infiltrate the crystal with Cu2O. After polymer removal the inverted Cu2O crystal exhibits a high peak reflectance at the predicted wavelength, indicating the structure is an exact inverse of the template. A conformal growth algorithm is developed for the commonly used chemical vapor deposition infiltration technique to explain growth results and verified experimentally with atomic layer deposition of oxide materials. Finally, a customized chemically amplified positive photoresist system and its processing steps are developed as a route to zero-shrinkage template material for high fidelity patterning of the designed interference patterns.

Download or read book Fabrication of Two dimensional and Three dimensional Photonic Crystal Devices for Applications in Chip scale Optical Interconnects written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To date, the realization of chip-scale optical interconnects has been inhibited by the lack of a device technology that can provide optical functionality at a scale commensurate with integrated circuits. To overcome this limitation, I propose the realization of an "optical superhighway" as an alternative interconnect paradigm for next-generation integrated circuits using semiconductor-based photonic-crystal (PhC) devices. PhCs have the potential to be the elementary building blocks of the next generation of opto-electronic devices and integrated circuits. This potential has invigorated global research interest in hybrid optical-electrical interconnects at the chip scale. In this thesis, I will present the development of such Nano-Photonic Crystal (PhC) interconnects using conventional CMOS fabrication technology, thereby enabling photonic functionality on the VLSI scale. Accordingly, I will discuss the fabrication of high fill-factor planar PhC devices on silicon-on-insulator substrates, using both capacitively coupled and inductively coupled plasma etching. Functional, sub-100-nm, high-aspect-ratio PhC devices will be presented, along with the technical challenges encountered in their realization. Also, a robust etch-process toolbox has been developed that, in addition to realizing chip-scale optical interconnects, also paves the way for applications in other technology niches like MEMS, terahertz devices, nanophotonics and microfluidics, to be realized in a single silicon platform, thus enabling systems-on-a-chip. In-plane optical routing in ultra-thin silicon-on-sapphire is also explored as part of this investigation. In addition, I will discuss the development of a sub-surface silicon optical bus (S3B), a buried silicon optical interconnect technology. The approach relies on engineering the dispersion properties of three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals embedded in silicon to control light propagation. In particular, a novel method of fabricating buried 3D photonic-crystal structures using conventional planar silicon micromachining will be presented. This method utilizes a single planar etch mask and time-multiplexed etch process along with sidewall oxidation to create an array of spherical voids with three-dimensional symmetry. Preliminary results will be presented to support the feasibility of realizing chip-scale optical interconnects using the proposed approach. The results of this research will not only help realize a new generation of optical integrated circuits, but also provide a solution to the global interconnect delay anticipated in next-generation of high-end integrated circuits. These PhC devices could very well provide the building blocks for the integrated circuits of the future.

Download or read book Computational Liquid Crystal Photonics written by Salah Obayya and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-05-31 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical computers and photonic integrated circuits in high capacity optical networks are hot topics, attracting the attention of expert researchers and commercial technology companies. Optical packet switching and routing technologies promise to provide a more efficient source of power, and footprint scaling with increased router capacity; integrating more optical processing elements into the same chip to increase on-chip processing capability and system intelligence has become a priority. This book is an in-depth look at modelling techniques and the simulation of a wide range of liquid crystal based modern photonic devices with enhanced high levels of flexible integration and enhanced power processing. It covers the physics of liquid crystal materials; techniques required for modelling liquid crystal based devices; the state-of-the art liquid crystal photonic based applications for telecommunications such as couplers, polarization rotators, polarization splitters and multiplexer-demultiplexers; liquid core photonic crystal fiber (LC-PCF) sensors including biomedical and temperature sensors; and liquid crystal photonic crystal based encryption systems for security applications. Key features Offers a unique source of in-depth learning on the fundamental principles of computational liquid crystal photonics. Explains complex concepts such as photonic crystals, liquid crystals, waveguides and modes, and frequency- and time-domain techniques used in the design of liquid crystal photonic crystal photonic devices in terms that are easy to understand. Demonstrates the useful properties of liquid crystals in a diverse and ever-growing list of technological applications. Requires only a foundational knowledge of mathematics and physics.

Download or read book Fabrication of Three dimensional Photonic Crystals Via Direct Laser Writing in an All inorganic Photoresist written by Sean Hang Edmond Wong and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Dimensional Microfabrication Using Two Photon Polymerization written by Tommaso Baldacchini and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2019-10-31 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three-Dimensional Microfabrication Using Two-Photon Polymerization, Second Edition offers a comprehensive guide to TPP microfabrication and a unified description of TPP microfabrication across disciplines. It offers in-depth discussion and analysis of all aspects of TPP, including the necessary background, pros and cons of TPP microfabrication, material selection, equipment, processes and characterization. Current and future applications are covered, along with case studies that illustrate the book's concepts. This new edition includes updated chapters on metrology, synthesis and the characterization of photoinitiators used in TPP, negative- and positive-tone photoresists, and nonlinear optical characterization of polymers. This is an important resource that will be useful for scientists involved in microfabrication, generation of micro- and nano-patterns and micromachining. - Discusses the major types of nanomaterials used in the agriculture and forestry sectors, exploring how their properties make them effective for specific applications - Explores the design, fabrication, characterization and applications of nanomaterials for new Agri-products - Offers an overview of regulatory aspects regarding the use of nanomaterials for agriculture and forestry