Download or read book Fabrication of Ionic Liquid Electrodeposited Cu Sn Zn S Se Thin Films and Method of Making written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A semiconductor thin-film and method for producing a semiconductor thin-films comprising a metallic salt, an ionic compound in a non-aqueous solution mixed with a solvent and processing the stacked layer in chalcogen that results in a CZTS/CZTSS thin films that may be deposited on a substrate is disclosed.
Download or read book Fabrication of Ionic Liquid Electrodeposited Cu Sn Zn S Se Thin Films and Method of Making written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A semiconductor thin-film and method for producing a semiconductor thin-films comprising a metallic salt, an ionic compound in a non-aqueous solution mixed with a solvent and processing the stacked layer in chalcogen that results in a CZTS/CZTSS thin films that may be deposited on a substrate is disclosed.
Download or read book Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Electrochemically Deposited Thin Films written by Milan Paunovic and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 1997 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Semiconductor Materials for Solar Photovoltaic Cells written by M. Parans Paranthaman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-16 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the current status of semiconductor materials for conversion of sunlight to electricity, and highlights advances in both basic science and manufacturing. Photovoltaic (PV) solar electric technology will be a significant contributor to world energy supplies when reliable, efficient PV power products are manufactured in large volumes at low cost. Expert chapters cover the full range of semiconductor materials for solar-to-electricity conversion, from crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon to cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium sulfide selenides, dye sensitized solar cells, organic solar cells, and environmentally friendly copper zinc tin sulfide selenides. The latest methods for synthesis and characterization of solar cell materials are described, together with techniques for measuring solar cell efficiency. Semiconductor Materials for Solar Photovoltaic Cells presents the current state of the art as well as key details about future strategies to increase the efficiency and reduce costs, with particular focus on how to reduce the gap between laboratory scale efficiency and commercial module efficiency. This book will aid materials scientists and engineers in identifying research priorities to fulfill energy needs, and will also enable researchers to understand novel semiconductor materials that are emerging in the solar market. This integrated approach also gives science and engineering students a sense of the excitement and relevance of materials science in the development of novel semiconductor materials. · Provides a comprehensive introduction to solar PV cell materials · Reviews current and future status of solar cells with respect to cost and efficiency · Covers the full range of solar cell materials, from silicon and thin films to dye sensitized and organic solar cells · Offers an in-depth account of the semiconductor material strategies and directions for further research · Features detailed tables on the world leaders in efficiency demonstrations · Edited by scientists with experience in both research and industry
Download or read book Chemical Solution Deposition of Semiconducting and Non metallic Films written by Daniel Lincot and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2006 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrodeposition for Energy Applications 3 written by S. R. Brankovic and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Semiconductors Metal Oxides and Composites Metallization and Electrodeposition of Thin Films and Nanostructures written by G. Oskam and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2010-02 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This symposium provided a forum for current work on the electrodeposition and characterization of functional coatings and nanostructures. Central issues include the control of size and architecture and the ample choices and demands of substrate and deposited materials. The focus materials of this symposium were semiconductors, oxides and composites with e.g. ceramic nanoparticles or nanotubes.
Download or read book Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructured Copper Oxide and Zinc Oxide Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications written by Benjamin C. Wang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrodeposition of Si Ge and of Si 1tnxGe 1tn1 11tn 1tnx from Ionic Liquids written by Rihab Mahmoud al- Salman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Fabrication of Metal Chalcogenide Thin Films Via Electrodeposition Method written by Kai Tung Chee and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Fabrication of Nanoporous Template Thin Films for Supercritical Fluid Electrodeposition written by Calum Robertson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrochemical Fabrication of Thin Film Photovoltaic Devices CIGS CIGSS written by Mahfouz Ali Saeed and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Copper Indium Gallium Selenium (CIGS) films are attractive for photovoltaic applications due to their high optical absorption coefficient. Generation of CIGS films by electrodeposition is particularly appealing due to the relatively low capital cost and the relatively high throughput. Numerous publications address the electrodeposition of CIGS; however, very few recognize the significance of transport, and consequently, deposition following published processes often leads to deficient films. We introduce here a new electrolyte composition, which is far more dilute than systems that had been previously described, and which yields much improved CIGS films. The electrolyte consists of: 0.4-0.6 mM CuCl2-H2O; 0.28-0.5 mM InCl3; 0.6-0.85 mM H2SeO3; and 0.35-0.6 mM GaCl3. PHydrion was used as buffer, and LiCl was used as a supporting electrolyte. Deposition experiments, under ambient temperature and pH=1.9 were carried on a rotating disk electrode which enabled to quantitatively control the transport rates. While the conventional electrolyte, which was ten times more concentrated yielded a powdery deposit which was shed into the electrolyte, the new, low concentration electrolyte produced in the preferred potential interval of -0.64 = E = -0.76 V/NHE, smooth deposit, with uniform composition in the desired range across a broad rotation speeds. We further extend the deposition process to the generation of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 [CIGSS] which offers potential advantages over CuInGaSe2 [CIGS] as a photovoltaic film due to its wider band-gap. Previously reported CIGSS fabrication requires elements addition from the vapor phase -- a slow and difficult to control process. Our electrolyte for the electrodeposition of CIGSS is similar in composition to that used for CIGS electrodeposition, however, it contains also 0.35 mM Na2S2O3, as a source for sulfur. The process provides the CIGSS compound in the desired stoichiometry without requiring elements addition from the vapor phase during annealing. Lastly, we introduce new electrochemical processes for the generation of complete CIGS and CIGSS functional photovoltaic devices, based entirely on electroplating. In addition to the absorber layer, electrochemical processes for the electrodeposition of the cadmium sulfide, and the pure and doped zinc oxide layers are described. The substrate has been stainless-steel coated with a molybdenum barrier layer, enabling continuous strip plating. Complete electrodeposited devices were generated and tested exhibiting efficiencies ranging from 2 to 6%. This is the first that such a comprehensive process had been described, leading the way to a potential fabrication of an entire device using an electrochemical route, enabling effective manufacturing integration and scaling.
Download or read book Recrystallization Method to Selenization of Thin film Cu In Ga Se sub 2 for Semiconductor Device Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A process for fabricating slightly Cu-poor thin-films of Cu(In, Ga)Se.sub. 2 on a substrate for semiconductor device applications includes the steps of forming initially a slightly Cu-rich, phase separated, mixture of Cu(In, Ga)Se.sub. 2 :Cu.sub.x Se on the substrate in solid form followed by exposure of the Cu(In, Ga)Se.sub. 2 :Cu.sub.x Se solid mixture to an overpressure of Se vapor and (In, Ga) vapor for deposition on the Cu(In, Ga)Se.sub. 2 :Cu.sub.x Se solid mixture while simultaneously increasing the temperature of the solid mixture toward a recrystallization temperature (about 550.degree. C.) at which Cu(In, Ga)Se.sub. 2 is solid and Cu.sub.x Se is liquid. The (In, Ga) flux is terminated while the Se overpressure flux and the recrystallization temperature are maintained to recrystallize the Cu.sub.x Se with the (In, Ga) that was deposited during the temperature transition and with the Se vapor to form the thin-film of slightly Cu-poor Cu.sub.x (In, Ga).sub.y Se.sub.z. The initial Cu-rich, phase separated large grain mixture of Cu(In, Ga)Se.sub. 2 :Cu.sub.x Se can be made by sequentially depositing or co-depositing the metal precursors, Cu and (In, Ga), on the substrate at room temperature, ramping up the thin-film temperature in the presence of Se overpressure to a moderate anneal temperature (about 450.degree. C.) and holding that temperature and the Se overpressure for an annealing period. A nonselenizing, low temperature anneal at about 100.degree. C. can also be used to homogenize the precursors on the substrates before the selenizing, moderate temperature anneal.
Download or read book Electrodeposition and Characterization of Copper Oxide Thin Films written by Stuart Bogatko and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrodeposition of CIGS CZTS Components from Aqueous Electrolytes written by Salem Shames Al Zahmi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin films for solar panels can be made more cost-effective if they can be produced by electrodeposition. This exploratory work investigated various electrolytes to be used for a variety of photovoltaic devices, including Cu-In-Ga-Se (CIGS), Cu-In-S (CIS) and Cu-Zn-Sn-S (CZTS) materials, and any combination of them. In particular, two important subset alloy systems were examined in detail: CuSnIn and CuSnZn. The latter alloy combination was then studied with different sources of sulfur in the electrolyte to produce CZTS. To complement and help interpret the electrochemical experiments a complexation model was developed. A variety of electrochemical techniques was used to inspect the polarization behavior, and deposits were fabricated at constant potential. The resultant compositions was analyzed by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy and the surface structure inspected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A comparison of the electrodeposition of CuSn with and without In was examined in a citrate electrolyte, with excess citrate, in an effort to fully complex the species to promote electrolyte stability. The current potential behavior of each reacting species, Cu, Sn and In, and their alloy combinations SnIn, CuSn, CuIn, CuSnIn, was examined. The most significant results were that when Sn is codeposited with Cu or CuIn there is an enhancement in the partial current densities of Sn. Also, the reduction rate of In(III) was observed to be accelerated, but only when both Cu and Sn were present. The In(III) reduction enhancement on stationary electrodes occurred when Cu(II) reduction was under mass transport control. In order to evaluate if the In(III) rate was a consequence of the mass transport effect, an upside down rotating disk electrode was used. Even when the deposition occurs in the kinetic range of the codepositing species, the In(III) rate is still enhanced. No change in the surface morphology and roughness occurred when CuSn is codeposited with In, thus the enhancement of In(III) was not due to a change of surface area. An unwanted result was that precipitation in CuSn and CuSnIn electrolytes have been observed after a couple days of preparing the solutions, but could be circumvented at low pH, by changing the type of complexed Sn species. The effect of Zn concentration in the current potential behavior of Zn, CuZn, SnZn, and CuSnZn was investigated in a mixing environment using the upside down rotating disk electrode at pH 2. A shift to more negative potential was observed on the CuZn (or SnZn) polarization when Zn concentration was increased in the electrolyte. A first order reaction order of Zn was found when Zn was singly deposited. The effect of codepositing Zn with Cu (or Sn) on the reaction order of Zn was studied by varying the Zn concentration in the electrolyte. An increased in the apparent reaction order of Zn was observed when Zn was codeposited with Cu (or Sn). It was found to be related to displacements reactions occurring during deposition, and consistent with EIS measurements. Based on knowledge gained in the CuSnIn and CuSnZn experiments, an electrolyte for depositing CZTS was developed using different sources of sulfur where thiourea and thiosulfate were examined. The presence of thiourea (or thiosulfate) in the electrolyte was found to have an inhibiting effect on the reduction rate of Sn for the first time. These findings are a step towards creating CZTS by electrodeposition in a one-step process without the need for a secondary sulfurization step.
Download or read book Electrodeposition of Alloys written by Abner Brenner and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 735 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrodeposition of Alloys: Principles and Practice, Volume I covers the general and theoretical aspects of the electrodeposition of alloy containing silver and/or copper. This book is organized into three parts encompassing 21 chapters. The first part considers first the history of electrodeposition, the applications of electrodeposited alloys, and the practical considerations involved in electrodeposition. This part also deals with the effect of operating variables on composition of electrodeposited alloys, and the physico-chemical properties of the alloy. The second part focuses on the theoretical aspects of alloy electrodeposition. This part includes discussions on the role of cathode diffusion layer, the effects of complexing agents, and the concept of alloy plating. The third part discusses the practical aspects of the electrodeposition of alloys, focusing primarily on the electrodeposition of alloys from aqueous solutions. This part examines first brass and bronze plating, followed by the electrodeposition of copper-tin, silver, and iron containing alloys. This book is directed toward electrochemists and researchers.
Download or read book Nanostructured Materials for Type III Photovoltaics written by Peter Skabara and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials for type III solar cells have branched into a series of generic groups. These include organic ‘small molecule’ and polymer conjugated structures, fullerenes, quantum dots, copper indium gallium selenide nanocrystal films, dyes/TiO2 for Grätzel cells, hybrid organic/inorganic composites and perovskites. Whilst the power conversion efficiencies of organic solar cells are modest compared to other type III photovoltaic materials, plastic semiconductors provide a cheap route to manufacture through solution processing and offer flexible devices. However, other types of materials are proving to be compatible with this type of processing whilst providing higher device efficiencies. As a result, the field is experiencing healthy competition between technologies that is pushing progress at a fast rate. In particular, perovskite solar cells have emerged very recently as a highly disruptive technology with power conversion efficiencies now over 20%. Perovskite cells, however, still have to address stability and environmental issues. With such a diverse range of materials, it is timely to capture the different technologies into a single volume of work. This book will give a collective insight into the different roles that nanostructured materials play in type III solar cells. This will be an essential text for those working with any of the devices highlighted above, providing a fundamental understanding and appreciation of the potential and challenges associated with each of these technologies.
