Download or read book Fabrication Characterization and Application of PZT silane Nano composite Thin film Sensors and Actuators written by Weiwei Xu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural health monitoring (SHM) plays a very important role in improving structural safety, preventing catastrophic failures and lowering maintenance costs. Current sensing methods have some limitations, such as being bulky, heavy, or brittle, making them unsuitable for SHM of composite structures. In response to the need for a flexible, printable sensor with low curing temperature, a nano-composite thin-film with additive manufacturing capability that consists of numerous lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) nanoparticles embedded in a silane matrix is proposed and studied in this dissertation. This dissertation includes fabrication, characterization, and applications of proposed thin-films with rigid or flexible substrates and parallel-plate or interdigitated electrodes as piezoelectric actuators and sensors. Fabrication includes the following steps: First, PZT nanoparticles with size distribution ranging from 300 to 800 nanometers, are fabricated via hydrothermal synthesis.The PZT nanoparticles are then suspended in a silane-based fluid to form a PZT ink that can be printed, sprayed, or drop-cast onto a substrate. The deposited PZT ink is subsequently cured at low temperature (e.g., 120 7́ŒC) to form the PZT-silane thin- film sensor. A similar ink and thin-film sensor using crushed bulk PZT is also fabricated for comparison. The aerosol-jet printed results for both inks are provided and compared. Characterizing the material properties of the PZT-silane thin films includes two parts: dielectric and piezoelectric characterization. The dielectric constant and loss are measured through an impedance analyzer. Piezoelectric properties are estimated by applying a calibrated force directly onto the film while an accurate, double-end charge amplifier isolates and records the tiny induced charge from background electrical noise. A finite element model is created to simulate the experimental setup in order to estimate the piezoelectric coefficient d33 from the measurements. A PZT-silane nano-composite thin film with parallel-plate electrodes, drop-cast near the fixed edge of a thin flexible cantilever beam made of kapton, has been successfully demonstrated as an actuator. Velocity measurements at the free end are found to be in synchronization with actuation signals when driving the PZT-silane thin film actuator near natural frequencies of the beam. To demonstrate its validity as a vibration sensor, a PZT-silane thin film is attached to a square aluminum plate supported by four pillars. The frequency response of the charge measured from the PZT thin-film sensor is in close agreement with the vibration measurements from a laser Doppler vibrometer. PZT ink is drop-cast on a flexible substrate in two electrode formats for evaluation: parallel-plate and interdigitated electrodes (IDEs). The parallel-plate electrode format is difficult to implement, because silver electrodes cannot be properly printed onto the PZT film with high conductivity and dimension accuracy. In contrast, IDEs inkjet-printed onto a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film demonstrate excellent resolution and conductivity. Sinusoidal voltage applied over the IDEs drives PZT thin-film with IDEs device into resonance serving as a resonator. PZT thin films with printed IDEs are demonstrated as vibration and strain sensors. Vibration tests are carried out on wing and beam structures with small angle oscillations. PZT thin-film with IDEs are attached on one side of these test structures and commercially acquired foil strain gauges on the other side for comparison and characterization. Strain and charge frequency domain measurements are recorded and amplitude peaks correlate to structural vibration frequencies. PZT-IDE sensor outputs at wing/beam oscillation frequency are found to increase with vibration amplitude and charge responses are approximately proportional to strain gauge outputs. This validates PZT-silane thin films with printed IDEs as strain sensors. The directional dependence of their sensing capability is demonstrated in theory, finite element analysis and experimentation. Two PZT-silane thin film devices with printed IDEs oriented 90 degrees apart show different sensitivities towards single-axis strain and experimentation proves PZT thin films with IDEs can distinguish strains in two dimensions.

Download or read book Fabrication Characterization and Application of Metal Embedded Thin Film Sensors for Hostile Manufacturing Environments written by Xudong Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of Piezoelectric Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle poly vinylidene Fluoride Nanocomposites for Sensing and Actuation written by John Steven Dodds and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural health monitoring (SHM) is vital for detecting the onset of damage and for preventing catastrophic failure of civil infrastructure systems. In particular, piezoelectric transducers have the ability to excite and actively interrogate structures (e.g., using surface waves) while measuring their response for damage detection. In fact, piezoelectric transducers such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) have been used for various laboratory and field tests and have demonstrated significant advantages as compared to visual inspection and vibration-based methods, to name a few. However, PZTs are inherently brittle, and PVDF films do not possess high piezoelectricity, thereby limiting each of these devices to certain specific applications. Piezoelectric nanocomposites, which enjoy a combination of the best properties of these material types, are at the forefront of emerging SHM technologies. The objective of this study is to design, characterize, and validate piezoelectric nanocomposites consisting of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles assembled in a PVDF copolymer matrix for sensing and actuation. It will be shown that these films provide greater mechanical flexibility as compared to PZTs, yet possess enhanced piezoelectricity as compared to pristine PVDF copolymers. The results obtained from this research will be crucial for future SHM applications using these piezoelectric nanocomposites. This study began with spin coating dispersed ZnO-based solutions for piezoelectric nanocomposite fabrication. The concentration of ZnO nanoparticles was varied from 0 to 20 wt.% (in 5% increments) to determine their influence on bulk film piezoelectricity. Second, their electric polarization responses were obtained for quantifying thin film remnant polarization, which is directly correlated to piezoelectricity. Based on these results, the films were poled at 50 MV-m−1 to permanently align film electrical domains and to enhance bulk film piezoelectricity. Next, a series of sensing validation tests was performed. The voltage generated by poled ZnO-based thin films was compared to commercially poled PVDF copolymer thin films. The hammer impact tests employed showed comparable results between the PVDF-TrFE/ZnO films and commercial samples. It was concluded that increasing ZnO content enhanced bulk film piezoelectricity. The films have been further validated for sensing using different energy levels of hammer impact, different distances between the impact locations and the film electrodes, cantilever free vibration testing for dynamic strain sensing, and load frame testing for sensitivity and linearity measurements. Actuators were also constructed by integrating fingered electrodes with PVDF-TrFE/ZnO films. Actuation tests using the pitch-catch methodology were performed on a test pipe structure. The presence of guided waves was first confirmed by measuring pipe vibrations using commercial Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) sensors. Additionally, damage detection was validated using a pitch-catch setup. Overall, a piezoelectric nanocomposite transducer was successfully fabricated and demonstrated for use as both a sensor and an actuator for SHM.

Download or read book Fabrication Characterization and Applications of Lead Zirconate Titanate and Indium Tin Oxide Nanostructures written by Shiyou Xu and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fabrication and Characterization of Piezoelectric Zinc Oxide Nanowire Sensor written by Zacharia Tharakan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biosensor field is rapidly accelerating in recent years. Among many types of biosensors available today, piezoelectric (PZT) class of materials are becoming very popular. In this thesis, Zinc Oxide nanowire PZT biosensor was fabricated and characterized to detect the presence of fungi which has some huge economic implications in US agriculture industry. Zinc Oxide nanowires were synthesized in a mass scale via wet solution method in a controlled temperature and growth environment. Different substrates including glass, indium tin oxide, and gold coated silicon substrates were utilized to grow the nanowires followed by layering with silane and subsequently etching them. The results show that the nanowires were grown homogenously on gold coated silicon wafers with cylindrical structures. The ideal morphology of the nanowires was found to be dependent on: incubation time, incubation temperature, and substrate material. Substrate catalyst was also varied from Au & Pd to pure Au which showed significant improvement in producing the nanowires. A systematic variation of hours was implemented from: 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 hours. Zinc Oxide nanowire features such as length, diameter, and aspect ratio were quantified through SEM micrographs. Linear increase in height, diameter, and aspect ratio was observed up to 13 hours along with density. The optimal condition for nanowire growth was determined at: 80 °C and 5 hours. Energy dispersive spectroscopy aided in generating presence of specific elements on the biosensor. Raman helps in verifying chemical composition of the device. Both Raman and EDS spectroscopy aided in enhancement and individualization of the biosensor at different proposed parameters. Keithley readings represented series of current-voltage (I-V) measurements under different forward biased voltages. The response of nanowires from these I-V measurements show a diode-like response. Next, nanowire displacement patterns of fungi, Fusarium proliferatum (F. proliferatum) were studied by I-V measurements. When I-V measurements were conducted on PZT nanowires in the presence of F. proliferatum a strong association from microbe attachment and growth was observed showing an increase in switch-on voltage with a 2V sweep. It is speculated that the observed high resistance is a result of mechanical movement of fungi on the piezoelectric device. Future studies will be designed to investigate this phenomenon. These results indicate that by simply reading the characteristic current-voltage measurement, one can better evaluate microbe pattern of displacement and maturation. Future application of this nanowire platform can characterize distinct displacement signature of disease carrying organism much more efficiently.

Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 980 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Lead Free Piezoelectric Materials written by Jiagang Wu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-22 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book systematically reviews the history of lead-free piezoelectric materials, including the latest research. It also addresses a number of important issues, such as new types of materials prepared in a multitude of sizes, structural and physical properties, and potential applications for high-performance devices. Further, it examines in detail the state of the art in lead-free piezoelectric materials, focusing on the pathways to modify different structures and achieve enhanced physical properties and new functional behavior. Lastly, it discusses the prospects for potential future developments in lead-free piezoelectric materials across disciplines and for multifunctional applications. Given its breadth of coverage, the book offers a comprehensive resource for graduate students, academic researchers, development scientists, materials producers, device designers and applications engineers who are working on or are interested in advanced lead-free piezoelectric materials.

Download or read book Nanotechnology Enabled Sensors written by Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-19 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology provides tools for creating functional materials, devices, and systems by controlling materials at the atomic and molecular scales and making use of novel properties and phenomena. Nanotechnology-enabled sensors find applications in several fields such as health and safety, medicine, process control and diagnostics. This book provides the reader with information on how nanotechnology enabled sensors are currently being used and how they will be used in the future in such diverse fields as communications, building and facilities, medicine, safety, and security, including both homeland defense and military operations.

Download or read book Electromagnetic Testing written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book MEMS Materials and Processes Handbook written by Reza Ghodssi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-18 with total page 1211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MEMs Materials and Processes Handbook" is a comprehensive reference for researchers searching for new materials, properties of known materials, or specific processes available for MEMS fabrication. The content is separated into distinct sections on "Materials" and "Processes". The extensive Material Selection Guide" and a "Material Database" guides the reader through the selection of appropriate materials for the required task at hand. The "Processes" section of the book is organized as a catalog of various microfabrication processes, each with a brief introduction to the technology, as well as examples of common uses in MEMs.

Download or read book Applications of Nanomaterials in Sensors and Diagnostics written by Adisorn Tuantranont and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent progress in the synthesis of nanomaterials and our fundamental understanding of their properties has led to significant advances in nanomaterial-based gas, chemical and biological sensors. Leading experts around the world highlight the latest findings on a wide range of nanomaterials including nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, molecularly imprinted nanostructures or plastibodies, nanometals, DNA-based structures, smart nanomaterials, nanoprobes, magnetic nanomaterials, organic molecules like phthalocyanines and porphyrins, and the most amazing novel nanomaterial, called graphene. Various sensing techniques such as nanoscaled electrochemical detection, functional nanomaterial-amplified optical assays, colorimetry, fluorescence and electrochemiluminescence, as well as biomedical diagnosis applications, e.g. for cancer and bone disease, are thoroughly reviewed and explained in detail. This volume will provide an invaluable source of information for scientists working in the field of nanomaterial-based technology as well as for advanced students in analytical chemistry, biochemistry, electrochemistry, material science, micro- and nanotechnology.

Download or read book Nanoparticulate Materials written by Kathy Lu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-25 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Serving as the only systematic and comprehensive treatment on the topic of nanoparticle-based materials, this book covers synthesis, characterization, assembly, shaping and sintering of all types of nanoparticles including metals, ceramics, and semiconductors. A single-authored work, it is suitable as a graduate-level text in nanomaterials courses.

Download or read book Sol Gel Technologies for Glass Producers and Users written by Michel Andre Aegerter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sol-Gel Techniques for Glass Producers and Users provides technological information, descriptions and characterizations of prototypes, or products already on the market, and illustrates advantages and disadvantages of the sol-gel process in comparison to other methods. The first chapter entitled "Wet Chemical Technology" gives a summary of the basic principles of the sol-gel chemistry. The most promising applications are related to coatings. Chapter 2 describes the various "Wet Chemical Coating Technologies" from glass cleaning to many deposition and post-coating treatment techniques. These include patterning of coatings through direct or indirect techniques which have became very important and for which the sol-gel processing is particularly well adapted. Chapter 3 entitled "Bulk Glass Technologies" reports on the preparation of special glasses for different applications. Chapter 4 entitled "Coatings and Materials Properties" describes the properties of the different coatings and the sol-gel materials, fibers and powders. The chapter also includes a section dedicated to the characterization techniques especially applied to sol-gel coatings and products.

Download or read book Microactuators written by Massood Tabib-Azar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 219 8. 2 Sensors 221 8. 3 Physical Sensors 222 8. 3. 1 Electrical Sensing Means 223 8. 3. 2 Magnetic Field Methods 231 8. 3. 3 Optical Methods 232 8. 4 Chemical Sensors 241 8. 4. 1 Electrical Gas and Chemical Sensors 243 8. 4. 2 Guided-Optics Intrinsic Chemical Sensors 246 8. 4. 3 Extrinsic Chemical Sensors 250 8. 4. 4 Polymer Waveguide Chemical Sensors 251 8. 4. 5 Surface Plasmon Chemical Sensors 252 8. 4. 6 Indicator-Mediated Extrinsic Sensing 253 8. 4. 7 Optical Biosensors 256 8. 4. 8 Ultrasonic Gas and Chemical Sensors 257 8. 4. 9 Intelligent Sensors 258 8. 5 Connections/Links and Wiring 258 8. 5. 1 Optical Links 260 8. 5. 2 Requirement on the Processing Unit/Intelligence 262 8. 6 Actuators 263 8. 7 Signal Processing/Computing 264 8. 7. 1 Implicit Computation 266 8. 7. 2 Explicit Computation 267 8. 8 References 274 Subject Index 279 Micro-Actuators (Electrical, Magnetic, Thermal, Optical, Mechanical, and Chemical) It has become quite apparent that sensors and actuators are the main bottleneck of the modem information processing and control systems. Microprocessors and computers used to be the main limiting element in most information processing systems. But thanks to the enonnous progress in the microelectronics industry, most information analysis tasks can be processed in real time. The data has to be acquired by the processor in some form and processed and used to produce some useful function in the real world.

Download or read book Advances in Nanocomposites written by Boreddy Reddy and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2011-04-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Nanocomposites - Synthesis, Characterization and Industrial Applications was conceived as a comprehensive reference volume on various aspects of functional nanocomposites for engineering technologies. The term functional nanocomposites signifies a wide area of polymer/material science and engineering, involving the design, synthesis and study of nanocomposites of increasing structural sophistication and complexity useful for a wide range of chemical, physicochemical and biological/biomedical processes. "Emerging technologies" are also broadly understood to include new technological developments, beginning at the forefront of conventional industrial practices and extending into anticipated and speculative industries of the future. The scope of the present book on nanocomposites and applications extends far beyond emerging technologies. This book presents 40 chapters organized in four parts systematically providing a wealth of new ideas in design, synthesis and study of sophisticated nanocomposite structures.

Download or read book High Sensitivity Magnetometers written by Asaf Grosz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-20 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers, for the first time, an overview of nearly all of the magnetic sensors that exist today. The book is offering the readers a thorough and comprehensive knowledge from basics to state-of-the-art and is therefore suitable for both beginners and experts. From the more common and popular AMR magnetometers and up to the recently developed NV center magnetometers, each chapter is describing a specific type of sensor and providing all the information that is necessary to understand the magnetometer behavior including theoretical background, noise model, materials, electronics, design and fabrication techniques, etc.

Download or read book Wearable Bioelectronics written by Anthony P.F. Turner and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-11-26 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wearable Bioelectronics presents the latest on physical and (bio)chemical sensing for wearable electronics. It covers the miniaturization of bioelectrodes and high-throughput biosensing platforms while also presenting a systemic approach for the development of electrochemical biosensors and bioelectronics for biomedical applications. The book addresses the fundamentals, materials, processes and devices for wearable bioelectronics, showcasing key applications, including device fabrication, manufacturing, and healthcare applications. Topics covered include self-powering wearable bioelectronics, electrochemical transducers, textile-based biosensors, epidermal electronics and other exciting applications. Includes comprehensive and systematic coverage of the most exciting and promising bioelectronics, processes for their fabrication, and their applications in healthcare Reviews innovative applications, such as self-powering wearable bioelectronics, electrochemical transducers, textile-based biosensors and electronic skin Examines and discusses the future of wearable bioelectronics Addresses the wearable electronics market as a development of the healthcare industry