Download or read book Fabrication and Characterization of Hybrid Magnetic semiconductor Materials and Devices written by Ping Kwan Johnny Wong and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Fabrication and Characterization Techniques for Inorganic Organic and Hybrid Semiconductor Devices written by Elmer G. Rivera and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Different semiconducting types are applied in various fields of the semiconductor industry: organic, inorganic and hybrid. Each of these semiconducting types of materials have their own strengths as well as their weakness. Inorganic materials possess low absorption and high carrier mobility while organic materials possess high absorption and low carrier mobility. Inorganic/organic hybrid semiconducting devices take advantage of the mixing of these two types of semiconductors. By building a heterojunction with inorganic and organic materials, the advantages of each individual material is passes onto this new hybrid while cancelling out the disadvantages. In this master thesis, the fabrication procedure and characterization techniques are studied for inorganic, organic and hybrid semiconducting devices. For the inorganic materials, fabrication was performed in the MicroFabrication Facility in order to properly achieve small features in the micrometer range. Device processing was performed to achieve a high-electron mobility transistor using AlGaN/GaN and AlInN/GaN heterostructures. The fabrication procedure involved the defining of features through photolithography, ion mill etching, and electron-beam evaporation. Electrical characterization was performed on both heterostructures to make a comparison. The organic device studied was a photoconductor using the conducting polymer P3HT and an optical and electro-optic comparison was made with the addition of MWCNT into the polymer matrix. A hybrid pn-junction diode was fabricated using P3HT and electrical measurements were performed and analyzed through an equivalent circuit to characterize and compare it to a P3HT:MWCNT active layer for the pn-junction.
Download or read book Modification Assembly and Characterization of Biological Evolved Electronic and Magnetic Hybrid Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research reported include the transitioning of previous work developed with semiconductor materials to new magnetic materials that may potentially lead to the development of magnetic storage devices with higher storage capabilities and other such devices. We have successfully grown and optimized the process of synthesizing single crystal annealed wires of ZnS materials as well as CoPt wires grown on an engineered viral template. The first known synthesis of SmCo5 nanoparticles was achieved and conditions were further optimized for the synthesis and characterization of such materials. Additionally, viral screening of SmCo5, FePt and CoPt was performed and the identification of specific binding peptides was achieved. Growth of these magnetic materials on both specific viral-bound and synthetic peptides was extended and further optimized. Ferromagnetic properties of such materials grown via viral templates are just now being explored, as are changes in synthetic conditions for optimal growth. Finally, further genetic engineering of the viral templates is underway, with successful formation of viral ring structures. These structures will continue to be altered and engineered for the directed synthesis of magnetic and electronic materials, potentially evolving into the next generation of memory cells, magnetic films and self-assembling rings and tubes that act as giant dipoles.
Download or read book Fabrication and Characterization of Nanomagnetic Media for Data Storage and Logic Operations written by John Stephen Butler and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, current data storage and semiconductors have begun to reach their fundamental limits. In current hard disk drive based data storage technology the size of the magnetic bit that data is stored on has begun to reach it size limits due to the superparamagnetic limit. In semiconductor technologies, devices are beginning to reach their fundamental limits due to the current leakage effect in small devices. If these technologies will continue with the current trends of packing more data/devices into the same area, new technologies need to be developed. In the following pages, two new technologies will be proposed for increasing the areal density of magnetic data storage technologies. After that, three novel approaches to creating logic cells on patterned magnetic media at much higher areal densities than current semiconductor technologies can support. First a study of Co/Pd multilayers as a candidate material for the next generation of magnetic media for a number of applications will be described. Following that, a patterned, three layer, magnetic media made up of magnetic multilayers will be fabricated and tested to show the feasibility of using it for the basis of next generation data storage technologies. Then, three novel approaches to magnetic logic gates using magnetic multilayers based media will be designed, fabricated, and tested using state of the art fabrication and analysis techniques. Each of the proposed magnetic logic cells will consist of a patterned media made up on of two, three, or four stacked magnetic multilayers media. The two layer structures are fabricated to be implemented on current hard disk drives. The three and four stacked structures can be implemented in a number of ways, from hard disk drives to magnetic quantum-dot cellular automata. The latter would allow these logic cells to be integrated with semiconductor technologies to create a hybrid device that utilizes the best aspects of each technology.
Download or read book Spintronic 2D Materials written by Wenqing Liu and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spintronic 2D Materials: Fundamentals and Applications provides an overview of the fundamental theory of 2D electronic systems that includes a selection of the most intensively investigated 2D materials. The book tells the story of 2D spintronics in a systematic and comprehensive way, providing the growing community of spintronics researchers with a key reference. Part One addresses the fundamental theoretical aspects of 2D materials and spin transport, while Parts Two through Four explore 2D material systems, including graphene, topological insulators, and transition metal dichalcogenides. Each section discusses properties, key issues and recent developments. In addition, the material growth method (from lab to mass production), device fabrication and characterization techniques are included throughout the book. - Discusses the fundamentals and applications of spintronics of 2D materials, such as graphene, topological insulators and transition metal dichalcogenides - Includes an in-depth look at each materials system, from material growth, device fabrication and characterization techniques - Presents the latest solutions on key challenges, such as the spin lifetime of 2D materials, spin-injection efficiency, the potential proximity effects, and much more
Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Synthesis of Dilute Magnetic Semiconductor DMS and Hybrid Germanium Nanowire Structures written by Machteld Ingeborg Van der Meulen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spintronics is an exciting new research field and has attracted a lot of attention since the discovery of the Giant Magneto Resistance (GMR) effect in 1988. Now research is facing the challenges of developing a second generation of spintronic devices, in which magnetic materials are integrated with semiconductor devices. Two types of material systems are momentarily investigated for second generation spintronic devices: (i) dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) and (ii) magnetic/semiconductor hybrid spintronic devices. Germanium is of particular interest to form the fundamental basis of both spintronic material systems. The work in this thesis therefore describes the possibilities of exploiting a supercritical fluid (SCF) technique for synthesising Ge-based DMS nanowires and hybrid Ge nanowire structures. In Chapter 3 the SCF synthesis and structural properties of single crystalline Mn-doped Ge nanowires, with a doping concentration of between 0.5-1.0 atomic %, is described. The nanowires produced displayed ferromagnetism above 300 K and a superior performance with respect to the hole mobility of around 340 cm2/Vs, demonstrating the potential of using these nanowires as building blocks for electronic devices. In Chapter 4, the Mn doping process of Ge nanowires via supercritical fluid deposition (SCFD) methods is reported. Depending on the reaction conditions, Ge1-xMnx nanowires with different structural and magnetic properties were synthesised. Single crystalline nanowires with doping concentrations as low as 0.5-1.0 atomic % displayed long-range ferromagnetic ordering at room temperature, whilst polycrystalline nanowires, with a Mn20Ge80 leader, showed short-range ferromagnetic ordering at room temperature. In Chapter 5 the SCF synthesis of hybrid germanium nanowire structures is detailed, such as Co/Ge and Mn/Ge core/shell nanocables. Co/Ge nanocables showed clear ferromagnetic ordering at room temperature. Further a nanoparticulate CoxMnyGez alloy synthesised via SCFD exhibits strong ferromagnetic behaviour at room temperature, unlike CoxMnyGez thin films.
Download or read book Solution Processable Components for Organic Electronic Devices written by Beata Luszczynska and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides first-hand insights into advanced fabrication techniques for solution processable organic electronics materials and devices The field of printable organic electronics has emerged as a technology which plays a major role in materials science research and development. Printable organic electronics soon compete with, and for specific applications can even outpace, conventional semiconductor devices in terms of performance, cost, and versatility. Printing techniques allow for large-scale fabrication of organic electronic components and functional devices for use as wearable electronics, health-care sensors, Internet of Things, monitoring of environment pollution and many others, yet-to-be-conceived applications. The first part of Solution-Processable Components for Organic Electronic Devices covers the synthesis of: soluble conjugated polymers; solution-processable nanoparticles of inorganic semiconductors; high-k nanoparticles by means of controlled radical polymerization; advanced blending techniques yielding novel materials with extraordinary properties. The book also discusses photogeneration of charge carriers in nanostructured bulk heterojunctions and charge carrier transport in multicomponent materials such as composites and nanocomposites as well as photovoltaic devices modelling. The second part of the book is devoted to organic electronic devices, such as field effect transistors, light emitting diodes, photovoltaics, photodiodes and electronic memory devices which can be produced by solution-based methods, including printing and roll-to-roll manufacturing. The book provides in-depth knowledge for experienced researchers and for those entering the field. It comprises 12 chapters focused on: ? novel organic electronics components synthesis and solution-based processing techniques ? advanced analysis of mechanisms governing charge carrier generation and transport in organic semiconductors and devices ? fabrication techniques and characterization methods of organic electronic devices Providing coverage of the state of the art of organic electronics, Solution-Processable Components for Organic Electronic Devices is an excellent book for materials scientists, applied physicists, engineering scientists, and those working in the electronics industry.
Download or read book Fabrication and Characterization of Heterostructure Devices Containing a Ferromagnetic Metal Tunneling Contact written by Li Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling Fabrication and Characterization of Magnetic Thin Films for Integrated Inductor and MRAM Applications written by Benjamin Buford and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic thin films have potential to improve devices such as on-chip inductors, and enable new technologies such as magnetic random access memory (MRAM). The use of magnetic cores in on-chip inductors is typically limited to applications well under 1 GHz. At higher frequencies, the performance of the magnetic core is severely limited by eddy current losses and ferromagnetic resonance. This work investigates the feasibility of using shape anisotropy to increase the ferromagnetic resonance frequency and thus allow the use of thin-film magnetic cores at frequencies up to 3 GHz. Magnetic cores are fabricated on top of existing chip- scale inductors. The effect of core shape and oxide layers, which are added to reduce eddy currents, on the magnetic properties of the film are investigated. Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are of interest in MRAM and spintronic logic circuit ap- plications due to their non-volatility, low-power operation, and size scalability. One limitation to the creation of scalable magnetic random access memory is thermal stability. For large devices, this energy barrier is proportional to the exchange stiffness of a material. Typically the thermal stability is measured in fabricated MRAM devices, and is used to back-calculate the exchange stiff- ness. This work presents a novel approach which uses images of magnetic domains, in conjunction with vibrating sample magnetometer and ferromagnetic resonance measurements, to measure the exchange stiffness in unpatterned films. This allows for estimation of the thermal stability that can be obtained by a given magnetic free layer without need to fabricate and measure completed de- vices. Using this approach, the exchange stiffness and expected thermal stability in MgO / CoFeB / spacer / CoFeB / MgO free layer structures with various spacer layer materials and thicknesses are compared.
Download or read book Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology Five Volume Set written by Hari Singh Nalwa and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1999-10-29 with total page 3593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanostructured materials is one of the hottest and fastest growing areas in today's materials science field, along with the related field of solid state physics. Nanostructured materials and their based technologies have opened up exciting new possibilites for future applications in a number of areas including aerospace, automotive, x-ray technology, batteries, sensors, color imaging, printing, computer chips, medical implants, pharmacy, and cosmetics. The ability to change properties on the atomic level promises a revolution in many realms of science and technology. Thus, this book details the high level of activity and significant findings are available for those involved in research and development in the field. It also covers industrial findings and corporate support. This five-volume set summarizes fundamentals of nano-science in a comprehensive way. The contributors enlisted by the editor are at elite institutions worldwide. Key Features * Provides comprehensive coverage of the dominant technology of the 21st century * Written by 127 authors from 16 countries, making this truly international * First and only reference to cover all aspects of nanostructured materials and nanotechnology
Download or read book Guide to NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology written by DIANE Publishing Company and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1997-07 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gathers in one place descriptions of NIST's many programs, products, services, and research projects, along with contact names, phone numbers, and e-mail and World Wide Web addresses for further information. It is divided into chapters covering each of NIST's major operating units. In addition, each chapter on laboratory programs includes subheadings for NIST organizational division or subject areas. Covers: electronics and electrical engineering; manufacturing engineering; chemical science and technology; physics; materials science and engineering; building and fire research and information technology.
Download or read book Hybrid Magnetic semiconductor Nanowires written by Jing Liang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guide to NIST written by National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology written by Hari Singh Nalwa and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 809 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Nanostructured materials is one of the hottest and fastest growing areas in today's materials science field, along with the related field of solid state physics. Nanostructured materials and their based technologies have opened up exciting new possibilites for future applications in a number of areas including aerospace, automotive, x-ray technology, batteries, sensors, color imaging, printing, computer chips, medical implants, pharmacy, and cosmetics. The ability to change properties on the atomic level promises a revolution in many realms of science and technology. Thus, this book details the high level of activity and significant findings are available for those involved in research and development in the field. It also covers industrial findings and corporate support. This five-volume set summarizes fundamentals of nano-science in a comprehensive way. The contributors enlisted by the editor are at elite institutions worldwide. Key Features * Provides comprehensive coverage of the dominant technology of the 21st century * Written by 127 authors from 16 countries, making this truly international * First and only reference to cover all aspects of nanostructured materials and nanotechnology" -- OCLC.
Download or read book Graduate Catalog written by Iowa State University and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 1108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Semiconducting Materials and Devices written by K.M. Gupta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-20 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest developments in semiconducting materials and devices, providing up-to-date information on the science, processes, and applications in the field. A wide range of topics are covered, including optoelectronic devices, metal–semiconductor junctions, heterojunctions, MISFETs, LEDs, semiconductor lasers, photodiodes, switching diodes, tunnel diodes, Gunn diodes, solar cells, varactor diodes, IMPATT diodes, and advanced semiconductors. Detailed attention is paid to advanced and futuristic materials. In addition, clear explanations are provided of, for example, electron theories, high-field effects, the Hall effect, transit-time effects, drift and diffusion, breakdown mechanisms, equilibrium and transient conditions, switching, and biasing. The book is designed to meet the needs of undergraduate engineering students and will also be very useful for postgraduate students; it will assist in preparation for examinations at colleges and universities and for other examinations in engineering. Practice questions are therefore presented in both essay and multiple choice format, and many solved examples and unsolved problems are included.
Download or read book First Principle Vs Experimental Design of Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors written by Omar Mounkachi and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2018-10 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent discoveries have given rise to a new class of electronics known as "spin electronics or spintronics," which uses the electron spin rather than its charge to create polarized currents. Spintronics is currently experiencing an extraordinary development with the manufacture of nanoscale devices based on ferromagnetic materials and semiconductors. Their applications are numerous, ranging from recording, electronics, and optoelectronics to quantum information. Spintronics is a new generation of electronics that has brought and continues to bring a lot of progress to information storage; this is due to the discovery of new materials with new functionalities and multiple applications. The discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in 1988 by Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg (receiver of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2007) is considered a starting point of spintronics. GMR is based on the variation of the electric current in the presence of a magnetic field. The spintronics has made important contributions to the miniaturization desired for electronics; it uses nanometric components for processing and storing information. However, the limits of miniaturization on a nanometric scale are known, and it is imperative to develop new ways and new materials to exceed those limits. The most desired properties for these materials are high spin polarization, modular magnetic properties by an electric field and a long lifetime of the spin polarization. Among the new promising materials, we cite the following: Diluted magnetic semiconductors, which give new magnetic properties of conventional semiconductors, functional oxides (including the semi-metals and multiferroic metals) and organic semiconductors. The main theoretical challenge in this area is to understand how the macroscopic magnetic behavior observed results from interactions of a large number of degrees of microscopic freedom. In these systems the disorder is an essential parameter of magnetic phenomena, and due to random locations of impurity atoms it can lead to a total physical difference from the observed absence. There has been considerable recent advances in the design of these materials as diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS, or diluted magnetic semiconductors), and a number of semiconductors were investigated as II-VI group and III-V group doped compounds, with transition metals substituting their original cations. There are several different theoretical approaches to study these magnetic materials. The ab-initio approach starts from the Schrödinger equation to simulate a given material. Such an approach is essential to determine the parameters and microscopic properties of such a system. In this book, the authors analyzed the electronic structure of magnetic semiconductors diluted in the case of ZnO, GaN, SnO2, TiO2, MgH2, EuO and EuN doped RENs (RE=GdN, DyN and HoN). The authors focused on magnetic, optical and exchange mechanisms which control the ferromagnetism in these systems. The purpose of this book is to propose some ideas to answer the most important question in material science for semiconductor spintronics, primarily considering how room-temperature ferromagnetism in DMS can be realized. Additionally, the correlation between first principle and experimental design to see how properties of yet-to-be-synthesized materials can be predicted is discussed.
