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Book Export Quality in Developing Countries

Download or read book Export Quality in Developing Countries written by Christian Henn and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-05-15 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops new, far more extensive estimates of export quality, covering 178 countries and hundreds of products over 1962–2010. Quality upgrading is particularly rapid during the early stages of development, with quality convergence largely completed as a country reaches upper middle-income status. There is significant cross-country heterogeneity in quality growth rates. Within any given product line, quality converges both conditionally and unconditionally to the world frontier; increases in institutional quality and human capital are associated with faster quality upgrading. In turn, faster growth in quality is associated with more rapid output growth. The evidence suggests that quality upgrading is best encouraged through a broadly conducive domestic environment, rather than sector-specific policies. Diversification is important to create new upgrading opportunities.

Book Export Quality and Income Distribution

Download or read book Export Quality and Income Distribution written by Rajat Acharyya and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-01-31 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the increasing sensitivity of buyers in the richer countries towards quality of goods they consume, low-quality exports largely constrain export-growth of the developing countries. This Element documents the attempts to estimate cross-country quality variations and reviews the demand side and supply side explanations for the low-quality phenomenon. It examines how trade policies can incentivize export-quality upgrading, and discusses the underlying channels through which a reverse causality from export-quality upon within-country income or wage inequality may develop.

Book Total Quality Control at Enterprise Level

Download or read book Total Quality Control at Enterprise Level written by International Trade Centre UNCTAD/GATT. and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Export Quality Management

Download or read book Export Quality Management written by International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO. and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations significantly reduced tariff barriers to trade. However, exporters continue to face non-tariff barriers in the form of standards, technical regulations, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, and conformity assessment procedures. To meet the requirements these impose and demonstrate compliance with them is a difficult and costly process for exporters in developing countries and transition economies. Many of these countries have not yet been able to take full advantage of the WTO Agreements largely because of a lack of resources. Given this, the International Trade Center has produced this guide providing SME managers in developing countries and transition economies with answers in simple language to their most frequently asked questions on standards and conformity assessment. The questions address issues such as technical regulations and standards, product certification, testing, metrology, quality management, ISO 9000, other management systems, accreditation and the Agreements on TBT and SPS.

Book Does What You Export Matter

Download or read book Does What You Export Matter written by Daniel Lederman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-06-18 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does what economies export matter for development? If so, can industrial policies improve on the export basket generated by the market? This book approaches these questions from a variety of conceptual and policy viewpoints. Reviewing the theoretical arguments in favor of industrial policies, the authors first ask whether existing indicators allow policy makers to identify growth-promoting sectors with confidence. To this end, they assess, and ultimately cast doubt upon, the reliability of many popular indicators advocated by proponents of industrial policy. Second, and central to their critique, the authors document extraordinary differences in the performance of countries exporting seemingly identical products, be they natural resources or 'high-tech' goods. Further, they argue that globalization has so fragmented the production process that even talking about exported goods as opposed to tasks may be misleading. Reviewing evidence from history and from around the world, the authors conclude that policy makers should focus less on what is produced, and more on how it is produced. They analyze alternative approaches to picking winners but conclude by favoring 'horizontal-ish' policies--for instance, those that build human capital or foment innovation in existing and future products—that only incidentally favor some sectors over others.

Book Exporting Services

Download or read book Exporting Services written by Arti Grover Goswami and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past two decades have seen exciting changes with developing countries emerging as exporters of services. Technological developments now make it easier to trade services across borders. But other avenues are being exploited: tourists visit not just to sightsee but also to be treated and educated, service providers move abroad under innovative new schemes, and some developing countries defy traditional notions by investing abroad in services. "Exporting Services: A Developing Country Perspective" takes a brave approach, combining exploratory econometric analysis with detailed case studies of representative countries: Brazil, Chile, the Arab Republic of Egypt, India, Kenya, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Two questions lead the analysis: How did these developing countries succeed in exporting services? What policy mix was successful and what strategies did not deliver the expected results? The analysis evaluates the role of three sets of factors: First, the fundamentals, which include a country’s factor endowments, infrastructure, and institutional quality; second, policies affecting trade, investment, and labor mobility in services; and third, proactive policies in services designed to promote exports or investment. The case studies illustrate the complex nature of reforms and policy making in the service sector as well as the benefits of well-implemented reforms. Although success seems to be explained by a set of conditions that are difficult to replicate, common features can also be identified. Several countries have adopted policies to support exports, especially exports of information technology–related services. This resource will be valuable for policy makers, experts, and academics who are engaged in efforts to reform service and investment policies in their own country.

Book Export Quality in Advanced and Developing Economies

Download or read book Export Quality in Advanced and Developing Economies written by Christian Henn and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops new estimates of export quality, based on bilateral data, which are far more extensive than previous efforts. The data cover 166 countries and hundreds of products over 1962-2014. The analysis finds that quality upgrading is particularly rapid during the early stages of development. There is significant cross-country heterogeneity in the growth rate of quality. Within any given product line, quality converges over time to the world frontier. Institutional quality, liberal trade policies, foreign direct investment inflows, and human capital all promote quality upgrading, although their impacts vary across sectors. The results suggest that reducing barriers to entry into new sectors can allow economies to benefit from rapid quality convergence over time.

Book Food Safety and Quality Systems in Developing Countries

Download or read book Food Safety and Quality Systems in Developing Countries written by André Gordon and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-06-02 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food Safety and Quality Systems in Developing Countries, Volume One: Export Challenges and Implementation Strategies considers both the theoretical and practical aspects of food safety and quality systems implementation by major world markets and new and emerging markets in developing countries. This reference examines issues facing exporters and importers of traditional foods the characteristics of the food and its distribution channels, and market access from a historical and current context to present best practices. This must-have reference offers real-life, practical approaches for foods from around the world, offering help to those who have found it difficult to implement sustainable, certifiable food safety and quality systems into their businesses and provides scientifically sound solutions to support their implementation. Includes accessible, relevant case studies of instances when food safety was compromised and offers practical scientific input in dealing with and preventing these issues Discusses the role and importance of research and documentation of food safety when exporting products Presents risk analysis examples from the past and present for products from various countries and different perspectives including the United States, Canada, Europe, Mexico, India, South Africa, Haiti, Jamaica, and more Offers successful strategies for developing food safety and quality systems from a national and firm-level perspective relevant to academics, regulators, exporters, importers and major distributors handling food from various developing countries

Book Product Standards  Exports and Employment

Download or read book Product Standards Exports and Employment written by Rajat Acharyya and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-30 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through the process of globalization, the trade dependence and int- dependence of the developing countries have increased phenomenally than ever before. The characteristic of this late twentieth-century globalization process has been the new technological revolution that has led to a high rate of world exports of electronics and other high-technology products. This has marginalized most of the developing countries exporting largely the low quality and low value-addition manufacturing and primary products, barring a few exceptions like China, India and Mexico. The fruits of globalization have, therefore, been unevenly distributed so far across the developed and the developing countries. Moreover, whatever little growth in exports of medium technology products has been achieved by a few of them, is largely driven by outsourcing of low value-addition and low- stage of activities by the foreign multinationals. Outsourcing of software services, rather than development of software packages, in India and assembly line for automobiles in Mexico are the two glaring examples. These activities may have boosted the total exports of these countries, but they have failed to generate any feedback effect on the rest of the economy in terms of skill formation, increase in overall productivity level and product diversification.

Book Quality Systems and Standards for a Competitive Edge

Download or read book Quality Systems and Standards for a Competitive Edge written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book responds to the challenge of providing a comprehensive account of quality systems for private sector development: what works and what doesnt on the ground, and why. This volume provides a thorough analysis of the diversity of institutions, linkages, and arrangements involved in quality systems, identifying success factors in countries quality strategies. It explains why quality and standards matter for export growth, for productivity, for industrial upgrading, and for diffusion of innovation, all central ingredients in improving economic growth and generating real gains in poverty reduction. It provides a detailed blue print for implementing effective National Quality Systems. Quality and Standards Matter is a valuable tool for policymakers confronted with the challenges of building trade competitiveness in the new global economy.

Book Making It Big

    Book Details:
  • Author : Andrea Ciani
  • Publisher : World Bank Publications
  • Release : 2020-10-08
  • ISBN : 1464815585
  • Pages : 178 pages

Download or read book Making It Big written by Andrea Ciani and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic and social progress requires a diverse ecosystem of firms that play complementary roles. Making It Big: Why Developing Countries Need More Large Firms constitutes one of the most up-to-date assessments of how large firms are created in low- and middle-income countries and their role in development. It argues that large firms advance a range of development objectives in ways that other firms do not: large firms are more likely to innovate, export, and offer training and are more likely to adopt international standards of quality, among other contributions. Their particularities are closely associated with productivity advantages and translate into improved outcomes not only for their owners but also for their workers and for smaller enterprises in their value chains. The challenge for economic development, however, is that production does not reach economic scale in low- and middle-income countries. Why are large firms scarcer in developing countries? Drawing on a rare set of data from public and private sources, as well as proprietary data from the International Finance Corporation and case studies, this book shows that large firms are often born large—or with the attributes of largeness. In other words, what is distinct about them is often in place from day one of their operations. To fill the “missing top†? of the firm-size distribution with additional large firms, governments should support the creation of such firms by opening markets to greater competition. In low-income countries, this objective can be achieved through simple policy reorientation, such as breaking oligopolies, removing unnecessary restrictions to international trade and investment, and establishing strong rules to prevent the abuse of market power. Governments should also strive to ensure that private actors have the skills, technology, intelligence, infrastructure, and finance they need to create large ventures. Additionally, they should actively work to spread the benefits from production at scale across the largest possible number of market participants. This book seeks to bring frontier thinking and evidence on the role and origins of large firms to a wide range of readers, including academics, development practitioners and policy makers.

Book World Trade in Services

Download or read book World Trade in Services written by Mr.Prakash Loungani and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-03-29 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a newly constructed dataset on trade in services for 192 countries from 1970 to 2014, this paper shows that services currently constitute one-fourth of world trade and an increasingly important component of global production. A detailed analysis of patterns and stylized facts reveals that exports of services are not only gaining strong momentum and catching up with exports of goods in many countries, but they could also trigger a new wave of trade globalization. Research applications of the trade in service dataset on structural transformation, resilience, labor reallocation, and income distribution are outlined.

Book Does What You Export Matter

Download or read book Does What You Export Matter written by Daniel Lederman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-06-18 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does what economies export matter for development? If so, can industrial policies improve on the export basket generated by the market? This book approaches these questions from a variety of conceptual and policy viewpoints. Reviewing the theoretical arguments in favor of industrial policies, the authors first ask whether existing indicators allow policy makers to identify growth-promoting sectors with confidence. To this end, they assess, and ultimately cast doubt upon, the reliability of many popular indicators advocated by proponents of industrial policy. Second, and central to their critique, the authors document extraordinary differences in the performance of countries exporting seemingly identical products, be they natural resources or 'high-tech' goods. Further, they argue that globalization has so fragmented the production process that even talking about exported goods as opposed to tasks may be misleading. Reviewing evidence from history and from around the world, the authors conclude that policy makers should focus less on what is produced, and more on how it is produced. They analyze alternative approaches to picking winners but conclude by favoring 'horizontal-ish' policies--for instance, those that build human capital or foment innovation in existing and future products—that only incidentally favor some sectors over others.

Book A Quality of Growth Index for Developing Countries

Download or read book A Quality of Growth Index for Developing Countries written by Mr.Montfort Mlachila and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-09-16 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper proposes a new quality of growth index (QGI) for developing countries. The index encompasses both the intrinsic nature and social dimensions of growth, and is computed for over 90 countries for the period 1990-2011. The approach is premised on the fact that not all growth is created equal in terms of social outcomes, and that it does matter how one reaches from one level of income to another for various theoretical and empirical reasons. The paper finds that the quality of growth has been improving in the vast majority of developing countries over the past two decades, although the rate of convergence is relatively slow. At the same time, there are considerable cross-country variations across income levels and regions. Finally, emprirical investigations point to the fact that main factors of the quality of growth are political stability, public pro-poor spending, macroeconomic stability, financial development, institutional quality and external factors such as FDI.

Book Clothing and Export Diversification  Still Aroute to Growth for Low income Countries

Download or read book Clothing and Export Diversification Still Aroute to Growth for Low income Countries written by Paul Brenton and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Standards and Agro Food Exports from Developing Countries

Download or read book Standards and Agro Food Exports from Developing Countries written by Steven Jaffee and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proliferation and increased stringency of food safety and agricultural health standards is a source of concern among many developing countries. These standards are perceived as a barrier to the continued success of their exports of high-value agro-food products (including fish, horticultural, and other products), either because these countries lack the technical and administrative capacities needed for compliance or because these standards can be applied in a discriminatory or protectionist manner. Jaffee and Henson draw on available literature and work in progress to examine the underlying evidence related to the changing standards environment and its impact on existing and potential developing country exporters of high-value agricultural and food products. The evidence the authors present, while only partial, suggests that the picture for developing countries as a whole is not necessarily problematic and certainly less pessimistic than the mainstream standards-as-barriers perspective. Indeed, rising standards serve to accentuate underlying supply chain strengths and weaknesses and thus impact differently on the competitive position of individual countries and distinct market participants. Some countries and industries are even using high quality and safety standards to successfully (re-)position themselves in competitive global markets. This emphasizes the importance of considering the effects of food safety and agricultural health measures within the context of wider capacity constraints and underlying supply chain trends and drivers. The key question for developing countries is how to exploit their strengths and overcome their weaknesses such that they are gainers rather than losers in the emerging commercial and regulatory context.This paper - a product of the International Trade Department, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network - is part of a larger effort in the network to understand the challenges and opportunities facing developing countries associated with evolving international standards for food and other products.