Download or read book Experimental Study of in Situ Combustion with Decalin and Metallic Catalyst written by Dauren Mateshov and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a hydrogen donor and a catalyst for upgrading and increasing oil recovery during in situ combustion is a known and proven technique. Based on research conducted on this process, it is clear that widespread practice in industry is the usage of tetralin as a hydrogen donor. The objective of the study is to find a cheaper hydrogen donor with better or the same upgrading performance. Decalin (C10H18) is used in this research as a hydrogen donor. The experiments have been carried out using field oil and water saturations, field porosity and crushed core for porous medium. Four in situ combustion runs were performed with Gulf of Mexico heavy oil, and three of them were successful. The first run was a control run without any additives to create a base for comparison. The next two runs were made with premixed decalin (5 percent by oil weight) and organometallic catalyst (750 ppm). The following conditions were kept constant during all experimental runs: air injection rate at 3.1 L/min and combustion tube outlet pressure at 300 psig. Analysis of the performance of decalin as a hydrogen donor in in-situ combustion included comparison of results with an experiment where tetralin was used. Data from experiments of Palmer (Palmer-Ikuku, 2009) was used for this purpose, where the same oil, catalyst and conditions were used. Results of experiments using decalin showed better quality of produced oil, higher recovery factor, faster combustion front movement and higher temperatures of oxidation. API gravity of oil in a run with decalin is higher by 4 points compared to a base run and increased 5 points compared to original oil. Oil production increased by 7 percent of OOIP in comparison with base run and was 2 percent higher than the experiment with tetralin. The time required for the combustion front to reach bottom flange decreased 1.6 times compared to the base run. The experiments showed that decalin and organometallic catalysts perform successfully in in situ combustion, and decalin is a worthy replacement for tetralin.

Download or read book Experimental Study of in Situ Combustion with Tetralin and Metallic Catalysts written by Emuobonuvie Palmer-Ikuku and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental studies showed the feasibility of adding metallic catalysts and tetralin for the upgrade and increased recovery of heavy oil during the in situ combustion process. Further experimental studies also showed the applicability of in situ combustion as a viable method of upgrading and improving recovery of intermediate oils. Three successful experimental runs were performed with heavy oil from Mexico (10.1 degrees API gravity). The first run was the control run without the addition of tetralin or metallic catalysts; the second run used heavy oil premixed with 3 wt% tetralin and 500ppm nickel catalyst; and the third run was with heavy oil premixed with 3 wt% tetralin and 500ppm iron catalyst. For the three runs, the cell production pressure was kept constant at 300 psig. The combustion cell was placed in a vacuum jacket and set to a temperature of 60 degrees C. For the only successful run with the intermediate Texas oil (22.0 degrees API gravity), the production pressure was also kept constant at 300 psig but the vacuum jacket temperature was set to a reservoir temperature of 40oC. During the runs for both oils, samples of produced oils and combustion flue gases were collected at regular intervals for analysis. These analyses included determination of oil viscosity and density, oil recovery, combustion front velocity, and apparent H/C ratio. Experimental results for the intermediate oil run, the oil gravity increased by 6 points showing the upgrading effects of in situ combustion on intermediate oils. Also, the high average combustion temperatures observed during the run indicated that in situ combustion may be applicable to reservoirs of similar characteristics to the intermediate Texas oil reservoir. Heavy oil experimental run results indicated that the use of tetralin and metallic catalysts increase the average combustion front temperature from 484 degrees C to 501 degrees C for the run with nickel catalysts, and from 484 degrees C to 492 degrees C for the run with iron catalysts. These results also show an increase in produced oil recovery from 83% to 90% of oil initially in place for the nickel catalyst run, and 83% to 86% of oil initially in place for the iron catalyst run.

Download or read book Effect of Metallic Additives on In situ Combustion of Huntington Beach Crude Experiments written by Stanford University. Petroleum Research Institute and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Metallic Additives on in Situ Combustion of Huntington Beach Crude Experiments SUPRI TR 78 written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book In Situ Combustion with Metallic Additives SUPRI TR 87 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In-situ combustion is the most energy efficient of the thermal oil recovery methods. In this process, a portion of a reservoir's oil is burned in-situ as fuel to drive the recovery process. In light oil reservoirs, too little fuel may be deposited, making sustained combustion difficult. In heavy oil reservoirs, too much fuel may be deposited leading to high air injection requirements and unfavorable economics. This study has been designed to attack these problems. Water soluble metallic additives are investigated as agents to modify fuel deposition and combustion performance. This report describes seven combustion tube runs using two cradle oils and two metallic additives. The oils are 12° and 34° API, both from Cymric (California). The metallic additives tested are ionic nitrate (Fe(NO3)39H2O) and zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)26H2O). Iron and tin additives improved the combustion efficiency in all cases. Fluctuations in the produced gas compositions were observed in all control runs, but nearly disappeared with the iron and tin additives. The combustion front velocities were also increased by iron and tin. Changes were also observed in the apparent hydrogen to carbon (H/C) ratio of the fuel, heat of combustion, air requirements, and amount of fuel deposited. Iron and tin caused increases in fuel concentration while causing a decrease in air requirement. The increase in fuel concentration varied between the oils, however, tin and iron were consistently more effective than zinc. A particularly interesting result occurred with the Cymric light oil. In the control runs, a sustained combustion front was not achieved, while in the iron additive runs, stable, sustained combustion was achieved. Iron and tin salts are suitable additives to increase fuel deposition when that is needed. Additives suitable for use as a fuel reducing agent have not yet been found. 26 refs., 23 figs, 6 tabs.

Download or read book Experimental Studies of Forward in Situ Combustion written by M. I. Alshalabe and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND HIGH RESOLUTION SIMULATOR OF IN SITU COMBUSTION PROCESSES written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate simulation of in-situ combustion processes is computationally very challenging because the spatial and temporal scales over which the combustion process takes place are very small. In this first quarterly report of our DoE funded research, we discuss the design of a new simulation tool based on an efficient Cartesian Adaptive Mesh Refinement technique that allows much higher grid densities to be used near typical fronts than current simulators. The formulation presented here for a first one-dimensional simulator will serve as the foundation for the development of a three-dimensional simulator that can handle realistic permeability heterogeneity. The development of the simulation tool will be supported by extensive laboratory experiments conducted to provide validation data, and to study effective variants of the combustion process. The preliminary investigation reported here shows how metallic salt additives can promote and sustain combustion by enhancing the oxidation and cracking of hydrocarbons.

Download or read book A Theoretically Supported Experimental Study of in Situ Combustion written by Laurie R. Sibbald and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Experimental and Mathematical Study of in Situ Combustion in a Segregated System written by Chakib Khelil and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Experimental Studies on Iron based Catalytic Combustion of Natural Gas written by Kang Pan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalytic combustion is an efficient method to reduce pollutant emissions produced by a variety of fuels. In this thesis, the use of iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5) as a catalyst precursor in the combustion of natural gas is experimentally studied. The counter-flow diffusion flame burner is employed as the experimental apparatus. The products of combustion are analyzed by using a Gas Chromatograph (GC) to quantitate the effects of adding the catalyst. The experimental setup is such that a mixture of methane (CH4) and nitrogen (N2) is fed from the bottom burner while a mixture of oxygen (O2) and air is supplied from the top burner. The combustion of natural gas without catalyst is first characterized. The oxidizer and fuel flow parameters are set up so that a stable, flat blue flame is formed close to the centre plane between the two burners upon ignition. The experimental results agree with the literature data and the numerical predictions from CHEMKIN software. To investigate and evaluate the performance of iron-containing catalysts on emission reduction, a small amount of separated nitrogen flow is used to carry iron pentacarbonyl into the flame through the central port of the fuel-side burner. Catalytic combustion produces an orange flame. Compared with the non-catalytic combustion data, it is found that carbon monoxide (CO) and soot precursor acetylene (C2H2) are reduced by 80% to 95% when 7453ppm iron pentacarbonyl is added.

Download or read book Experimental Investigation and High Resolution Simulator of In Situ Combustion Processes written by Anthony R. Kovscek and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate simulation of in-situ combustion processes is computationally very challenging because the spatial and temporal scales over which the combustion process takes place are very small. In this current and thirteenth report, we report on our continuing development of a Virtual Kinetic Cell model and our continuing experimental program.

Download or read book The Effect of Metallic Additives on the Kinetics of Oil Oxidation Reactions in In situ Combustion written by Carlos Fernando De los Rios and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Development of an Automated In situ Combustion Assembly to Study Effects of Clay on the Dry Forward In situ Combustion Process written by Ibrahim M. Guvenir and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Kinetics of in Situ Combustion SUPRI TR 91 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxidation kinetic experiments with various crude oil types show two reaction peaks at about 250°C (482°F) and 400°C (725°F). These experiments lead to the conclusion that the fuel during high temperature oxidation is an oxygenated hydrocarbon. A new oxidation reaction model has been developed which includes two partially-overlapping reactions: namely, low-temperature oxidation followed by high-temperature oxidation. For the fuel oxidation reaction, the new model includes the effects of sand grain size and the atomic hydrogen-carbon (H/C) and oxygen-carbon (O/C) ratios of the fuel. Results based on the new model are in good agreement with the experimental data. Methods have been developed to calculate the atomic H/C and O/C ratios. These methods consider the oxygen in the oxygenated fuel, and enable a direct comparison of the atomic H/C ratios obtained from kinetic and combustion tube experiments. The finding that the fuel in kinetic tube experiments is an oxygenated hydrocarbon indicates that oxidation reactions are different in kinetic and combustion tube experiments. A new experimental technique or method of analysis will be required to obtain kinetic parameters for oxidation reactions encountered in combustion tube experiments and field operations.

Download or read book An Experimental Study of Wick type Liquid metal Combustion written by Kuang-Yu Hsu and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book In Situ Combustion with Metallic Additives SUPRI TR 87 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In-situ combustion is the most energy efficient of the thermal oil recovery methods. In this process, a portion of a reservoir's oil is burned in-situ as fuel to drive the recovery process. In light oil reservoirs, too little fuel may be deposited, making sustained combustion difficult. In heavy oil reservoirs, too much fuel may be deposited leading to high air injection requirements and unfavorable economics. This study has been designed to attack these problems. Water soluble metallic additives are investigated as agents to modify fuel deposition and combustion performance. This report describes seven combustion tube runs using two cradle oils and two metallic additives. The oils are 12° and 34° API, both from Cymric (California). The metallic additives tested are ionic nitrate (Fe(NO3)39H2O) and zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)26H2O). Iron and tin additives improved the combustion efficiency in all cases. Fluctuations in the produced gas compositions were observed in all control runs, but nearly disappeared with the iron and tin additives. The combustion front velocities were also increased by iron and tin. Changes were also observed in the apparent hydrogen to carbon (H/C) ratio of the fuel, heat of combustion, air requirements, and amount of fuel deposited. Iron and tin caused increases in fuel concentration while causing a decrease in air requirement. The increase in fuel concentration varied between the oils, however, tin and iron were consistently more effective than zinc. A particularly interesting result occurred with the Cymric light oil. In the control runs, a sustained combustion front was not achieved, while in the iron additive runs, stable, sustained combustion was achieved. Iron and tin salts are suitable additives to increase fuel deposition when that is needed. Additives suitable for use as a fuel reducing agent have not yet been found. 26 refs., 23 figs, 6 tabs.

Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 2598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: