Download or read book Experimental Investigation on Phase Behavior of Fluids Confined in Nanopores written by Huan Yang and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current limited understanding of phase behavior of fluids confined in nanopores restricts the applications of nanoporous media ranging from energy and environment to biology and medicine, such as recovery of hydrocarbons from shale resources, drug delivery, catalysis, gas storage, and separation. Although capillary condensation/evaporation and pore critical point (PCP) of fluids have been extensively studied using various experimental methods, certain features of phase behavior of fluids confined in nanopores have hardly or never been experimentally studied due to either detection limit of experimental system or inapplicability of current experimental methods, such as the phase behavior of nanoconfined methane, gradual phase transition, fluid-solid phase transitions, pore triple point, and heat of capillary condensation. Furthermore, experimental results measured from different methods can barely be comparable due to different adsorbent-adsorbate systems. he challenges mentioned above have been successfully addressed by two established experimental systems and a newly developed experimental method, i.e., BT 2.15 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) system, IGA-001 gravimetric sorption analyzer system, and isothermal DSC measurement. Specifically, the phase transition and criticality of methane in nanopores have been measured using the BT 2.15 DSC system, which can operate at very low temperature and high pressure. The validity is confirmed by the fact that the measured bulk condensation of methane is in excellent agreement with the literature data. The gradual phase transition of ethane confined in MCM-41 is then demonstrated through a multistep process with paths proceeding around PCP without crossing the capillary-condensation curve. The occurrence of gradual phase transition in nanopores, thus the confined supercriticality, for the first time, has been confirmed. Furthermore, capillary phase transitions (evaporation, melting, and sublimation) and the pore triple point of CO2 in nanopores have also been studied. For the first time, the solid-fluid phase transitions of CO2 in MCM-41 are found to shift to temperatures higher than the corresponding bulk phase transitions. The pore triple point of nanoconfined CO2 is bracketed and found to be lower than those of the bulk triple point. The capillary-melting and capillary-evaporation curves approach each other as temperature decreases until they meet at the pore triple point. Additionally, an accurate measurement on the heat of capillary condensation in nanopores by the tandem use of DSC and adsorption/desorption experiments, for the first time, has been developed. The latent heat of capillary condensation of propane in SBA-15 is found to be lower than that of bulk condensation and decreases with temperature. This is also the first time that the conditions of capillary condensation measured by two different experimental methods using identical mesoporous adsorbent-adsorbate system are compared. The two experimental methods prove to be equivalent.

Download or read book Experimental Study on the Phase Behavior of Fluids Confined in Nanoporous Media written by Xingdong Qiu and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Thermodynamic Phase Behavior and Miscibility Studies of Confined Fluids in Tight Formations written by Kaiqiang Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, the nanoscale-extended theoretical models and experimental nanofluidic system are developed to calculate and measure the thermodynamic phase behavior and miscibility of confined pure and mixing fluids in tight formations. First, a new nanoscale-extended equation of state (EOS) is developed to calculate the phase behavior of confined fluids in nanopores, based on which two correlations are modified to predict the shifts of critical properties. The nanoscale-extended EOS model has been proven to accurately calculate the phase behaviour of confined fluids. The thermodynamic phase behavior of confined fluids in nanopores are substantially different from those in bulk phase. The confined critical temperature and pressure always decrease with the reducing pore radius. The shifts of critical properties are dominant factors for the phase changes of confined fluids from bulk phase to nanopores. Second, two new nanoscale-extended alpha functions in Soave and exponential types are proposed for calculating the thermodynamic and phase properties. A novel method is proposed to determine the nanoscale acentric factors. The new alpha functions are validated for the bulk and nanoscale calculations. Moreover, the acentric factors and intermolecular attractivities are increased with the pore radius reductions at most temperatures. It should be noted that the alpha functions decrease with the pore radius reduction at the critical temperature. Furthermore, the first and second derivatives of the Soave and exponential alpha functions to the temperatures are continuous at T  4000 K. Third, the equilibrium two-phase compositions are analyzed to elucidate the pressure dependence of the interfacial tensions (IFTs), and the confined fluid IFTs in nanopores are calculated. The phase density difference is found to be a key factor in the parachor model for the IFT predictions, which results in three distinct pressure ranges of the IFT vs. pressure curve. The IFTs in bulk phase of the hydrocarbon systems are always higher than those in nanopores. The feed gas to liquid ratio (FGLR), temperature, pore radius, and walleffect distance are found to have different effects on the IFTs in bulk phase and nanopores. Fourth, a new interfacial thickness-based diminishing interface method (DIM) and a nanoscale-extended correlation are developed to determine the minimum miscibility pressures (MMPs) in bulk phase and nanopores. Using DIM, the MMP is determined by extrapolating ( / P)T to zero. Physically, the interface between fluids diminishes and the two-phase compositional change completes at the determined MMP from the DIM. The developed correlation is proposed as a function of the reservoir temperature, molecular weight of 5 C  , mole fraction ratios of volatile to intermediate components in oil and gas samples, and pore radius. The new correlation provides the accurate MMPs with overall percentage average absolute deviations (AADs%) of 5.21% in bulk phase and 6.91% in nanopores. Fifth, thermodynamic miscibility of confined fluids in nanopores are studied. The thermodynamic free energy of mixing and solubility parameter are quantitatively determined to evaluate the fluid miscibility in nanopores. The liquid-gas miscibility is beneficial from the pore radius reduction and the intermediate hydrocarbons perform better with the liquid C8 in comparison with the lean gas (e.g., N2 and CH4). Moreover, the molecular diameter of single liquid molecule is determined to be the bottom limit, the pore radius above which is concluded as a necessary condition for the liquid-gas miscibility. Last, a series of nanofluidic experiments were conducted to measure the static phase behavior of confined fluids and verify the calculated data from some theoretical models.

Download or read book Confined Fluid Phase Behavior and CO2 Sequestration in Shale Reservoirs written by Yueliang Liu and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2022-05-05 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Confined Fluid Phase Behavior and CO2 Sequestration in Shale Reservoirs delivers the calculation components to understand pore structure and absorption capacity involving unconventional reservoirs. Packed with experimental procedures, step-by-step instructions, and published data, the reference explains measurements for capillary pressure models, absorption behavior in double nano-pore systems, and the modeling of interfacial tension in C02/CH4/brine systems. Rounding out with conclusions and additional literature, this reference gives petroleum engineers and researchers the knowledge to maximize productivity in shale reservoirs. - Helps readers gain advanced understanding of methods of adsorption behavior in shale gas - Presents theories and calculations for measuring and computing by providing step-by-step instructions, including flash calculation for phase equilibrium - Includes advances in shale fluid behavior, along with well-structured experiments and flow charts

Download or read book Phase Behavior written by Curtis H. Whitson and published by Society of Petroleum Engineers. This book was released on 2000 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase Behavior provides the reader with the tools needed to solve problems requiring a description of phase behavior and specific pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) properties.

Download or read book Experimental Investigation on Liquid Behaviors in Nanopores written by Weiyi Lu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoporous materials are involved in many industrial processes such as catalysis, filtration, chromatography, etc. Recently, they are applied to absorb or capture the energy associated with blast, collision, and impact attacks. In such applications, the nanoporous materials are immersed in liquids or gels. The inner surfaces of nanopores are usually modified to increase the degree of hydrophobicity. When an external pressure is applied on the system, the liquid phase can be compressed into the nanoporous space. The liquid infiltration behavior in the nanopores becomes significantly different from that of untreated material. The effective interfacial tension and viscosity of the confined liquid are investigated. While the simple superposition principle can be employed for the analysis of interfacial tension, in a nanopore the effective liquid viscosity is no longer a material constant. It is highly dependent on the pore size and the loading rate, much smaller than its bulk counterpart. In addition, the influence of electrolyte concentration as well as its dependence on temperature are analyzed in detail. As the electrolyte concentration varies, the effective interfacial tension changes rapidly. The testing data show that, the pressure-induced infiltration behavior is not only determined by the cations, but also highly dependent on the anion species. The transport behaviors of solvated ions in nanopores can be field responsive, providing a novel method to develop interactive protection systems. As an external electric field is applied, the observed change in effective solid-liquid interfacial tension is contradictory to the prediction of classic electrochemistry theory. To simplify the materials handling, a polypropylene-matrix composite material is produced. When the temperature is relatively low, the matrix dominates the system behavior. When the temperature is relatively high, with a sufficiently large external pressure the polymer phase can be intruded into the nanopores, providing an energy absorption mechanism.

Download or read book Fluids and Interfaces at Nano and ngstrom Scales written by Elizabeth Jennie Barsotti and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since their discovery, tight oil and gas reservoirs have been plagued by low ultimate production numbers that rarely surpass 10%. One of the major factors contributing to this is the incomprehension of fluid phase behavior in these reservoirs. Indeed, operators only account for free gas and adsorbed phases in their reservoir evaluations and do not consider other types of nanoconfinement-induced phase behavior, such as capillary condensation and continuous pore filling. This is further compounded by a lack of experimental proof regarding these phenomena and their occurrence in petroleum reservoirs. To provide this proof, two types of measurements were undertaken. First, a novel gravimetric apparatus was developed to measure fluid phase behavior in shale cores at reservoir conditions. Using this apparatus, the first capillary condensation isotherms for fluids with more than two components were measured, a new phenomenon called supercritical hysteresis was discovered, irreversible kerogen swelling was observed, and adsorption-induced fractures were propagated. Second, a novel fluid injection system was developed for environmental transmission electron microscopy experiments. This allowed for direct visual observations of adsorption, capillary condensation, and adsorption-induced strain at the Ångstrom scale. Altogether, this work proves that capillary condensation can occur in petroleum reservoirs and that accounting for it in reserves estimates, reservoir modeling, and core analysis could significantly improve ultimate recovery from shale and tight formations.

Download or read book Capillary Condensation and Freezing of Simple Fluids Confined in Cylindrical Nanopores written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present a molecular simulation study aimed at understanding the phase behavior of pure simple fluids, when they are confined inside nanopores of cylindrical geometry. In this situation, new surface-driven phases can appear, and phase transitions typical of bulk systems (gas-liquid, freezing) can be shifted to different conditions. A fundamental understanding of these phenomena is necessary for applications in separations, catalysis and nanotechnology. Studies of these phenomena can also provide important insights on the effect of surface forces, confinement and reduced dimensionality on the phase behavior of host molecules. We have performed two independent, but directly related studies: (1) freezing of carbon tetrachloride within multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) of different diameters, and (2) capillary condensation and freezing of krypton within templated mesoporous silica materials (MCM-41). MWCNT and MCM-41 are representative of materials with strongly and weakly attractive walls, respectively. In the first part of this project, the structure and thermodynamic stability of the confined phases, as well as the temperatures and the order of the phase transitions were determined using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy measurements and Monte Carlo simulations in the grand canonical ensemble. A rich phase behavior with multiple transition temperatures was observed for such systems. In the second part of this project we developed realistic, atomistic models of MCM-41 type materials that include pore surface roughness and morphological defects in agreement with experimental results. Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations show that these variables have a profound influence on gas-liquid and freezing transitions in confinement.

Download or read book Improved Reservoir Models and Production Forecasting Techniques for Multi Stage Fractured Hydrocarbon Wells written by Ruud Weijermars and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-12-12 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The massive increase in energy demand and the related rapid development of unconventional reservoirs has opened up exciting new energy supply opportunities along with new, seemingly intractable engineering and research challenges. The energy industry has primarily depended on a heuristic approach—rather than a systematic approach—to optimize and tackle the various challenges when developing new and improving the performance of existing unconventional reservoirs. Industry needs accurate estimations of well production performance and of the cumulative estimated ultimate reserves, accounting for uncertainty. This Special Issue presents 10 original and high-quality research articles related to the modeling of unconventional reservoirs, which showcase advanced methods for fractured reservoir simulation, and improved production forecasting techniques.

Download or read book Elucidating the Organization and Transport Behavior of Fluids and Silica Nanoparticles Confined in Nanopores for Sustainable Energy Recovery written by Sohaib Mohammed and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With more than 80% of our energy needs being met by the subsurface environments, there is a significant interest in developing environmentally benign approaches to recover and store fluids in complex environments characterized by chemical and morphological heterogeneity and nanoscale porosity. However, the structure, dynamics, phase transitions, flow, and reactivity of confined fluids and colloids in nanopores differ from bulk fluids. These differences challenge the development of predictive controls on the organization, transport, and reactivity of confined fluids. To address this challenge, we harness computational molecular scale models in conjunction with experimental approaches including advanced synchrotron X-Ray and Neutron Scattering, and electron microscopy imaging to resolve the organization of compressed gases (e.g., CO2 and CH4), ice, and silica nanoparticles in pores with diameters smaller than 10 nm. The combined effects of the influence of solid interface and confinement on the organization of confined fluids and silica nanoparticles are elucidated. Approaches to quantifying the core-shell structure of confined compressed gases (e.g., CO2, CH4) in silica nanopores and phase transitions of confined ice are described. The influence of pore size and multi-component fluids on the diffusivity of confined CO2 is described. In the context of flow assurance in subsurface environments, the self-assembly of macromolecules such as asphaltenes in calcite and silica nanopores is discussed. One of the less studied but highly important considerations associated with the closing of pores in subsurface environments is due to silica scaling. The molecular-scale basis underlying the aggregation of silica nanoparticles at water-hydrocarbon interfaces and approaches to reverse this agglomeration using sodium dodecyl sulfate as a surfactant is described. The experimental methods, simulation approaches, and molecular scale insights of confined fluids can be applied translationally to advance low carbon energy and resource recovery and facilitate energy storage in subsurface environments.

Download or read book Adsorption and Phase Behaviour in Nanochannels and Nanotubes written by Lawrence J. Dunne and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-24 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Channels of nanotubular dimensions exist in a variety of materials (examples are carbon nanotubes and the nanotubular channels of zeolites and zeotypes) and show promise for numerous applications due to their unique properties. One of their most important properties is their capacity to adsorb molecules and these may exist in a variety of phases. "Adsorption and Phase Behaviour in Nanochannels and Nanotubes" provides an excellent review of recent and current work on adsorption on nanometerials. It is an impressive collection of papers dealing with the adsorption and phase behaviour in nanoporous materials from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. "Adsorption and Phase Behaviour in Nanochannels and Nanotubes" focuses on carbon nanotubes as well as zeolites and related materials.

Download or read book Characterization of Porous Solids VI written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-11-14 with total page 809 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains 99 of the papers that were presented at the 6th in the series of Symposia on Characterization of Porous Solids held in Alicante, Spain, May 2002. Written by leading international specialists in the subject, the contributions represent an up-to-date and authoritative account of recent developments around the world in the major methods used to characterize porous solids. The book is a useful work of reference for anyone interested in characterizing porous solids, such as MCM-41 mesoporous materials, pillared clays, etc. Papers on pore structure determination using gas adsorption feature strongly, together with papers on small angle scattering methods, mercury porosimetry, microcalorimetry, scanning probe microscopies, and image analysis.

Download or read book Proceedings of the Third Pacific Basin Conference on Adsorption Science and Technology Kyongju Korea May 25 29 2003 written by Chang-Ha Lee and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest research on adsorption science and technology. It serves as an excellent reference for research in areas such as fundamentals of adsorption and ion exchange (equilibria and kinetics), new materials, adsorption characterization, novel processes, energy and environmental processes.

Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Gas liquid Interaction in Hydrophobic Nano environment written by Lijiang Xu and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas and liquid interaction in hydrophobic nano-environment (GLIHNE) is ubiquitous in many natural and energy-related technologies, such as water and gas transportation in biological cells, shale gas exploitation, water management in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and geological carbon dioxide sequestration. With the confinement effect of HNE, the gas-liquid interaction (GLI) is distinct from that in the bulk phase. However, both gas and liquid motions are difficult to be measured at the nanoscale, which has posed the primary challenge in revealing the GLIHNE experimentally. In this dissertation, a liquid nanofoam (LN) system has been used as a platform to experimentally investigate the GLIHNE. The LN system composes of a hydrophobic nanoporous media with a non-wetting liquid phase. Due to the hydrophobic surface of the nanopores, liquid molecules cannot enter the nanopores spontaneously. With the aid of external pressure, the liquid molecules can infiltrate into the nanopores by overcoming the surface energy barrier. The GLI only has a secondary effect on the liquid infiltration behavior of the LN system. When the applied external pressure is removed, the spontaneous liquid outflow behavior of the infiltrated liquid molecules has been observed. The spontaneous liquid outflow is dominantly affected by the GLIHNE. More importantly, the nanoscale liquid outflow has been successfully quantified by the LN system performance at the macroscale. This dissertation presents the first systematic study on GLIHNE by illustrating the effects of nanopore size, ions, gas amount, and holding conditions. First of all, it is known that the nanopore size can influence both SLI and GLI in HNE. However, the nanoporous material has a pore size distribution. By developing a consecutive-step compression mode, the pore size distribution has been subdivided into several narrow segments. It has been proven that the nanopore size is negatively correlated with the degree of liquid outflow and GLI is enhanced in smaller nanopores. Secondly, to better understand the GLIHNE, it is necessary to decouple GLI from SLI in the HNE. To this end, a set of LN systems have been specifically designed to have the same liquid infiltration behavior, i.e. the same SLI in the HNE. While the unloading process of these LN systems, the degree of liquid outflow varies, which is dominated by the ion effect on the GLIHNE. Results show that both cations and anions have a more profound effect on gas solubility in nano-confined liquid than that in the bulk liquid phase due to the gas oversolubility effect. In addition, the effect of anions is more pronounced than cations on GLIHNE, which breaks down the conventional theory in the bulk phase. Thirdly, a different amount of additional gas phase has been introduced into one particular LN system consisting of the same liquid-solid composition. A remarkable difference in the degree of liquid outflow has been observed, indicating the GLIHNE is highly sensitive to the amount of gas phase. As the gas amount increases, the degree of liquid outflow from hydrophobic nanochannels is considerably promoted. This is due to the bulk liquid being saturated by the additional gas and the earlier termination of the gas outflow process from the HNE. Lastly, the gas diffusion in the liquid phase confined in HNE has been studied by holding an LN system at different pressure levels for various time durations. It has been demonstrated that the gas diffusion progress exhibits an exponentially decaying rate. In addition, distinct from the bulk case, pressure poses a pronounced effect on the GLIHNE.

Download or read book Unconventional Natural Gas Geoscience written by Jienan Pan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-08-05 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microfluidics and Microfabrication written by Suman Chakraborty and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-15 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microfluidics and Microfabrication discusses the interconnect between microfluidics, microfabrication and the life sciences. Specifically, this includes fundamental aspects of fluid mechanics in micro-scale and nano-scale confinements and microfabrication. Material is also presented discussing micro-textured engineered surfaces, high-performance AFM probe-based, micro-grooving processes, fabrication with metals and polymers in bio-micromanipulation and microfluidic applications. Editor Suman Chakraborty brings together leading minds in both fields who also: Cover the fundamentals of microfluidics in a manner accessible to multi-disciplinary researchers, with a balance of mathematical details and physical principles Discuss the explicit interconnection between microfluiodics and microfabrication from an application perspective Detail the amalgamation of microfluidics with logic circuits and applications in micro-electronics Microfluidics and Microfabrication is an ideal book for researchers, engineers and senior-level graduate students interested in learning more about the two fields.

Download or read book Nanoporous Materials Science And Engineering written by G Q Max Lu and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004-11-22 with total page 911 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Porous materials are of scientific and technological importance because of the presence of voids of controllable dimensions at the atomic, molecular, and nanometer scales, enabling them to discriminate and interact with molecules and clusters. Interestingly the big deal about this class of materials is about the “nothingness” within — the pore space. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) classifies porous materials into three categories — micropores of less than 2 nm in diameter, mesopores between 2 and 50 nm, and macropores of greater than 50 nm. In this book, nanoporous materials are defined as those porous materials with pore diameters less than 100 nm.Over the last decade, there has been an ever increasing interest and research effort in the synthesis, characterization, functionalization, molecular modeling and design of nanoporous materials. The main challenges in research include the fundamental understanding of structure-property relations and tailor-design of nanostructures for specific properties and applications. Research efforts in this field have been driven by the rapid growing emerging applications such as biosensor, drug delivery, gas separation, energy storage and fuel cell technology, nanocatalysis and photonics. These applications offer exciting new opportunities for scientists to develop new strategies and techniques for the synthesis and applications of these materials.This book provides a series of systematic reviews of the recent developments in nanoporous materials. It covers the following topics: (1) synthesis, processing, characterization and property evaluation; (2) functionalization by physical and/or chemical treatments; (3) experimental and computational studies on fundamental properties, such as catalytic effects, transport and adsorption, molecular sieving and biosorption; (4) applications, including photonic devices, catalysis, environmental pollution control, biological molecules separation and isolation, sensors, membranes, hydrogen and energy storage, etc./a