Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Transient RCCI Combustion in a Light Duty Diesel Engine written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) is currently being researched as a way to reduce problematic emissions (i.e., NOx and PM) from compression-ignition engines while maintaining high fuel efficiency. One of the primary types of LTC is Premixed Compression Ignition (PCI), with some examples of PCI being homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI), reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) and partially premixed combustion (PPC). These LTC strategies use early fuel injections to allow sufficient time for air/fuel mixing before combustion. By increasing the amount of air/fuel premixing, NOx and PM emissions can be lowered due to the reduced local and global equivalence ratios. The lean nature of PCI also maintains high thermal efficiency due to the reduced heat transfer losses from the reduced peak combustion temperatures. However, too much air/fuel premixing can lead to rapid energy release rates, limiting the operation space for PCI. To combat this problem, the combustion strategy of interest for the study, RCCI, uses fuel reactivity gradients to increase combustion duration (i.e., reduce the energy release rate) and phasing control, thereby increasing the engine operating space for PCI operation. Previous tests [1-7] have shown promising results for petroleum-based fuels with RCCI. Recent work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has shown how blends of biofuels with petroleum fuels can improve RCCI combustion performance [8,9] The work sets out to examine biofuel performance over a wide engine operating space both at steady-state and transient operating conditions with RCCI combustion. It is hoped to demonstrate the capability and effects of using bio-derived fuels in place of conventional petroleum-derived fuels for advanced combustion strategies under real-world operating conditions. In RCCI operation, blends of biodiesel and ethanol fuels will be investigated to examine the fuel effects on the combustion event.

Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Transient Operation and Low Temperature Combustion in a Light Duty Diesel Engine written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detailed and highly time resolved experimental measurements were used to characterize the effects of transient operation on the performance of a light duty diesel engine, and to identify the physical processes responsible for transient-specific combustion behavior. The engine response to transient events varied with the size and type of transition and the combustion strategy used, but the underlying processes were similar in all cases. Differences in the response rate of the fuel and air systems caused large variations in the equivalence ratio of the combustion charge during transient events. For moderate to low load conditions, this was primarily due to the discrepancy between the instantaneous intake air flow rate and the composition of the intake charge caused by storage of exhaust gas in the EGR system. This effect was particularly significant for early injection LTC operation due to higher EGR rates and greater dependence of combustion phasing on intake charge composition. Individual combustion cycles during transient events were compared to steady state operation at the same speed and load to quantify the differences in physical conditions. The greatest effect on combustion and emissions was due to differences in intake charge composition, which varied significantly between transient and steady state operation. The response time of the common rail pressure also contributed to transient behavior in situations where the target pressure varied with changes in speed or load. During larger load transitions, thermal inertia of the engine system had a significant effect on emissions, particularly UHC, but did not influence the combustion phasing or heat release rate. The characteristic rates of change of the charge gas, fluid, and physical component temperatures in response to speed or load transitions were much slower than those of other variables such as pressures or flow rates, and were consistent with concurrent variations in engine-out emissions levels. Numerous mechanisms by which thermal inertia could affect emissions formation were identified, including variation of the intake manifold charge gas temperature, in-cylinder heat transfer, and changing physical properties of the fuel.

Download or read book Combustion for Power Generation and Transportation written by Avinash Kumar Agarwal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-20 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research monograph presents both fundamental science and applied innovations on several key and emerging technologies involving fossil and alternate fuel utilization in power and transport sectors from renowned experts in the field. Some of the topics covered include: autoignition in laminar and turbulent nonpremixed flames; Langevin simulation of turbulent combustion; lean blowout (LBO) prediction through symbolic time series analysis; lasers and optical diagnostics for next generation IC engine development; exergy destruction study on small DI diesel engine; and gasoline direct injection. The book includes a chapter on carbon sequestration and optimization of enhanced oil and gas recovery. The contents of this book will be useful to researchers and professionals working on all aspects on combustion.

Download or read book Characteristics and Control of Low Temperature Combustion Engines written by Rakesh Kumar Maurya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-03 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with novel advanced engine combustion technologies having potential of high fuel conversion efficiency along with ultralow NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions. It offers insight into advanced combustion modes for efficient utilization of gasoline like fuels. Fundamentals of various advanced low temperature combustion (LTC) systems such as HCCI, PCCI, PPC and RCCI engines and their fuel quality requirements are also discussed. Detailed performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of futuristic engine technologies such as PPC and RCCI employing conventional as well as alternative fuels are analyzed and discussed. Special emphasis is placed on soot particle number emission characterization, high load limiting constraints, and fuel effects on combustion characteristics in LTC engines. For closed loop combustion control of LTC engines, sensors, actuators and control strategies are also discussed. The book should prove useful to a broad audience, including graduate students, researchers, and professionals Offers novel technologies for improved and efficient utilization of gasoline like fuels; Deals with most advanced and futuristic engine combustion modes such as PPC and RCCI; Comprehensible presentation of the performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of low temperature combustion (LTC) engines; Deals with closed loop combustion control of advanced LTC engines; State-of-the-art technology book that concisely summarizes the recent advancements in LTC technology. .

Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Fuel Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition RCCI Combustion Mode in a Multi Cylinder Light Duty Diesel Engine written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental study was performed to provide the combustion and emission characteristics resulting from fuel-reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion mode utilizing dual-fuel approach in a light-duty, multi-cylinder diesel engine. In-cylinder fuel blending using port fuel injection of gasoline before intake valve opening (IVO) and early-cycle, direct injection of diesel fuel was used as the charge preparation and fuel blending strategy. In order to achieve the desired auto-ignition quality through the stratification of the fuel-air equivalence ratio (), blends of commercially available gasoline and diesel fuel were used. Engine experiments were performed at an engine speed of 2300rpm and an engine load of 4.3bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). It was found that significant reduction in both nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) was realized successfully through the RCCI combustion mode even without applying exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). However, high carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were observed. The low combustion gas temperature during the expansion and exhaust processes seemed to be the dominant source of high CO emissions in the RCCI combustion mode. The high HC emissions during the RCCI combustion mode could be due to the increased combustion quenching layer thickness as well as the -stratification at the periphery of the combustion chamber. The slightly higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of the RCCI combustion mode was observed than the other combustion modes, such as the conventional diesel combustion (CDC) mode, and single-fuel, premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion mode. The parametric study of the RCCI combustion mode revealed that the combustion phasing and/or the peak cylinder pressure rise rate of the RCCI combustion mode could be controlled by several physical parameters premixed ratio (rp), intake swirl intensity, and start of injection (SOI) timing of directly injected fuel unlike other low temperature combustion (LTC) strategies.

Download or read book Investigation of Transient Emissions and Mixed Mode Combustion for a Light Duty Diesel Engine written by Jonathan L. Burton and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition RCCI Combustion in a Two stroke Cycle Engine written by Scott R. Miles and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigation of RCCI Operation with Customized Pistons in a Light duty Multi cylinder Engine Using Dieseline written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an attempt to increase efficiency and lower critical and highly regulated emissions (i.e., NOx, PM and CO2) many advanced combustion strategies have been investigated. Most of the current strategies fall into the category of low temperature combustion (LTC), which allow emissions mandates to be met in-cylinder along with anticipated reduction in cost and complexity. These strategies, such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI), partially premixed combustion (PPC) and reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI), use early injection timings, resulting in a highly lean charge with increased specific heat ratios to improve thermal efficiency and reduce PM emissions. Lower combustion temperatures also avoid the activation of NOx formation reactions. However, the lean air/fuel ratio decreases fuel oxidation rates of CO and HC and, due to longer ignition delays with high peak pressure rise rate (PPRR) and heat release rates (HRR), confines the engine’s operating loads and speeds. A strategy to reduce these negative effects of LTC is RCCI, which generally uses two fuels with different reactivities in order to optimize ignitability and equivalence ratio stratification. It has demonstrated improvements in efficiency and low NOx and PM emissions by utilizing in-cylinder fuel blending, while the simultaneous optimization of fuel reactivity results in increased engine operating space. The current work investigates Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) combustion in a light-duty multi-cylinder engine over steady-state and transient operating conditions using also fast exhaust sampling emissions equipment for UHC, NO and PM measurements. A “single-fuel ” approach for RCCI combustion was studied using port-injected and direct-injected (DI) cetane improved gasoline with custom designed, 15.3:1 compression ratio, pistons. In addition, experiments were conducted using mixtures of gasoline and diesel, i.e., “dieseline”, as the high reactivity fuel. The experiments were performed over a broad selection of “ad hoc” load and speed points in order to examine performance and emission effects of a less reactive DI fuel mixture to in turn reduce the need for a second fuel. This work also helps to demonstrate the requirements for high levels of boost in a multi-cylinder engine during RCCI operation. Comparisons were also made to an HCCI/GCI like combustion strategy using similar gasoline/diesel fuel blends.

Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Gasoline Compression Ignition Combustion in a Light Duty Diesel Engine written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to increased ignition delay and volatility, low temperature combustion (LTC) research utilizing gasoline fuel has experienced recent interest [1-3]. These characteristics improve air-fuel mixing prior to ignition allowing for reduced emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot (or particulate matter, PM). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results at the University of Wisconsin-Madison's Engine Research Center (Ra et al. [4, 5]) have validated these attributes and established baseline operating parameters for a gasoline compression ignition (GCI) concept in a light-duty diesel engine over a large load range (3-16 bar net IMEP). In addition to validating these computational results, subsequent experiments at the Engine Research Center utilizing a single cylinder research engine based on a GM 1.9-liter diesel engine have progressed fundamental understanding of gasoline autoignition processes, and established the capability of critical controlling input parameters to better control GCI operation. The focus of this thesis can be divided into three segments: 1) establishment of operating requirements in the low-load operating limit, including operation sensitivities with respect to inlet temperature, and the capabilities of injection strategy to minimize NOx emissions while maintaining good cycle-to-cycle combustion stability; 2) development of novel three-injection strategies to extend the high load limit; and 3) having developed fundamental understanding of gasoline autoignition kinetics, and how changes in physical processes (e.g. engine speed effects, inlet pressure variation, and air-fuel mixture processes) affects operation, develop operating strategies to maintain robust engine operation. Collectively, experimental results have demonstrated the ability of GCI strategies to operate over a large load-speed range (3 bar to 17.8 bar net IMEP and 1300-2500 RPM, respectively) with low emissions (NOx and PM less than 1 g/kg-FI and 0.2 g/kg-FI, respectively), and low fuel consumption (gross indicated fuel consumption

Download or read book Light Duty Drive Cycle Simulations of Diesel Engine Out Exhaust Properties for an RCCI Enabled Vehicle written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In-cylinder blending of gasoline and diesel fuels to achieve low-temperature reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) can reduce NOx and PM emissions while maintaining or improving brake thermal efficiency compared to conventional diesel combustion (CDC). Moreover, the dual-fueling RCCI is able to achieve these benefits by tailoring combustion reactivity over a wider range of engine operation than is possible with a single fuel. However, the currently demonstrated range of stable RCCI combustion just covers a portion of the engine speed-load range required in several light-duty drive cycles. This means that engines must switch from RCCI to CDC when speed and load fall outside of the stable RCCI range. In this study we investigated the impact of RCCI as it has recently been demonstrated on practical engine-out exhaust temperature and emissions by simulating a multi-mode RCCI-enabled vehicle operating over two urban and two highway driving cycles. To implement our simulations, we employed experimental engine maps for a multi-mode RCCI/CDC engine combined with a standard mid-size, automatic transmission, passenger vehicle in the Autonomie vehicle simulation platform. Our results include both detailed transient and cycle-averaged engine exhaust temperature and emissions for each case, and we note the potential implications of the modified exhaust properties on catalytic emissions control and utilization of waste heat recovery on future RCCI-enabled vehicles.

Download or read book DESIGN OF REAL TIME COMBUSTION FEEDBACK SYSTEM AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF AN RCCI ENGINE FOR CONTROL written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Premixed compression ignition (PCI) technologies offer high efficiency and low emissions but are usually confined by limited operation range as well as high pressure rise and heat release rate. In this work, a more recently developed PCI mode is explored where in-cylinder blending of two fuels with different auto-ignition characteristics (diesel and gasoline) is utilized to create reactivity stratification such that heat release rate and combustion timing can be controlled. This mode has been defined as Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI). As part of this thesis, the main aim is to study various parameters that can be used to control combustion phasing. Also, steady state mapping of the engine is done so as to explore the operating range for the current engine setup. Best efficiencies as well as highest loads are obtained for higher Premixed Ratio (PR) values and advanced Start of Injection (SOI) timings, where as lower PR fuel blends are needed to achieve low load limit. The analysis is also extended to transient RCCI operation for observing various dynamics involved and their effects on combustion phasing. As part of realizing full-load range operation, switching to conventional Spark-Ignition (SI) combustion mode is also carried out. Various dynamics involved in the switching process are captured. A cycle-by-cycle closed loop combustion controller is designed and implemented on the engine to achieve optimum combustion phasing during transient engine operation. To provide feedback of combustion parameters like engine load and combustion phasing to the closed loop controller, a real-time combustion feedback system is designed and implemented utilizing Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).

Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Emissions from a Light Duty Diesel Engine Utilizing Urea Spray SCR System written by N. Tamaldin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Experimental Investigation of Advanced Diesel Combustion Strategies for Emissions Reductions in a Heavy duty Diesel Engine at High Speed and Medium Load written by William L. Hardy and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Clean Energy written by Anand Ramanathan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-10-22 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Clean Energy: Production and Application supports sustainable clean energy technology and green fuel for clean combustion by reviewing the pros and cons of currently available technologies specifically for biodiesel production from biomass sources, recent fuel modification strategy, low-temperature combustion technology, including other biofuels as well. Written for researchers, graduate students, and professionals in mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, energy, and environmental engineering, this book: Covers global energy scenarios and future energy demands pertaining to clean energy technologies Provides systematic and detailed coverage of the processes and technologies used for biofuel production Includes new technologies and perspectives, giving up-to-date and state-of-the-art information on research and commercialization Discusses all conversion methods including biochemical and thermochemical Examines the environmental consequences of biomass-based biofuel use

Download or read book High Power Output Operation of RCCI Combustion written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A computational investigation of methods to extend the upper limit of power output of reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engines was performed. The study utilized two approaches. The first approach is to increase the engine speed while maintaining a medium load. The second approach is to operate at higher loads without changing the engine speed. Iso-octane and n-heptane were used to represent the low-reactivity fuel and high-reactivity fuel, respectively. A light-duty diesel engine was modeled for the high speed dual-fuel RCCI combustion study. With high-speed operation several benefits were identified. Firstly, the peak pressure rise rates (PPRR), both crank angle-based and time-based, were reduced compared to those with low-speed operation. Secondly, at high speed the NO formation residence time became short, leading to reduced NOx emissions. Lastly, a frictional penalty analysis of high-speed operation using the Chen-Flynn model was conducted, which showed only 0.5 bar FMEP increase compared to that at low-speed. These findings indicate that high-speed RCCI is a very promising path for high-power output operation. For the high-load operation study use of dual direct-injectors was explored in order to direct-inject both fuels. Analysis of the optimum injection strategy revealed two main physical mechanisms enabling high-load operation with dual direct-injectors. The first exploited local evaporative cooling from the iso-octane injection, which delayed the iso-octane ignition. The second mechanism was related to the shorter chemical residence time of the iso-octane due to its late delivery into the cylinder. It was also noted that n-heptane's role as an ignition source could not be achieved with just iso-octane. Finally, the co-axial injector location assumption was removed by using an actual dual-injector layout. Unlike results with the co-axial injector design, the actual dual-injector layout exhibited soot and CO emission problems. In order to attempt to accommodate off-center injector locations, various injector hole patterns were tested. Although these unconventional injector hole patterns improved the emissions, it is concluded that the development of a co-axial dual-fuel injector is imperative in order to achieve clean RCCI combustion at high load.

Download or read book An Experimental Investigation of Lean partially Premixed Combustion in a Diesel Engine written by Matthew Scott Von Ruden and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Fuel Reactivity Controlled Combustion in a Heavy duty Internal Combustion Engine written by Derek A. Splitter and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: