Download or read book Exergy Analysis of Water Loop Heat Pump System in an Office Building written by Xin Zheng and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HVAC systems have a significant contribution to the building energy demand and greenhouse gases emissions. The use of effective evaluation indicators and accurate analysis method are very important for improving the energy performance of HVAC systems. The second law of thermodynamics analysis is an appropriate approach to evaluate HVAC system performance. This thesis presents the second law of thermodynamics analysis of a Water Loop Heat Pump (WLHP) system, applied to a commercial building located in Montreal. This system allows for the heat recovered in the core zone to be used partially in the winter for heating the perimeter zones. The analysis covers both peak design and annual operating conditions. The following equipment is included in the analysis: the water-to-air heat pumps, the boiler, the water circulating pumps, the fan and the heat ejector (e.g., cooling tower). Primary and secondary energy sources are considered, for instance in the case of the generation of electricity. Mathematical models developed in this study are implemented in the Engineering Equations Solver (EES) environment. The performance of the WLHP system is evaluated using indicators such as: the energy and exergy efficiency, the energy and exergy demand, the exergy lost, and the equivalent CO 2 emissions due to the system operation. The results show that the exergy efficiency of the WLHP system has an annual average value of 2.8%. The annual average value of the Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the WLHP system is evaluated at 1.68. The major exergy destruction components of the WLHP system are the boiler, the heat pumps in core zone and the cooling tower.
Download or read book Exergy Analysis of a Two Stage Ground Source Heat Pump with a Vertical Bore for Residential Space Conditioning Under Simulated Occupancy written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This twelve-month field study analyzes the performance of a 7.56W (2.16- ton) water-to-air-ground source heat pump (WA-GSHP) to satisfy domestic space conditioning loads in a 253 m2 house in a mixed-humid climate in the United States. The practical feasibility of using the ground as a source of renewable energy is clearly demonstrated. Better than 75% of the energy needed for space heating was extracted from the ground. The average monthly electricity consumption for space conditioning was only 40 kWh at summer and winter thermostat set points of 24.4°C and 21.7°C, respectively. The WA-GSHP shared the same 94.5 m vertical bore ground loop with a separate water-to-water ground-source heat pump (WW-GSHP) for meeting domestic hot water needs in the same house. Sources of systemic irreversibility, the main cause of lost work are identified using Exergy and energy analysis. Quantifying the sources of Exergy and energy losses is essential for further systemic improvements. The research findings suggest that the WA-GSHPs are a practical and viable technology to reduce primary energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions under the IECC 2012 Standard, as well as the European Union (EU) 2020 targets of using renewable energy resources.
Download or read book Data Exergy and Energy Analysis of a Vertical bore Ground source Heat Pump to for Domestic Water Heating Under Simulated Occupancy Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence is provided to support the view that greater than two-thirds of energy required to produce domestic hot water may be extracted from the ground which serves as renewable energy resource. The case refers to a 345 m2 research house located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 36.01 N 84.26 W in a mixed-humid climate with HDD of 2218 C-days (3993 F-days) and CDD of 723 C-days (1301 F-days). The house is operated under simulated occupancy conditions in which the hot water use protocol is based on the Building America Research Benchmark Definition (Hendron 2008; Hendron and Engebrecht 2010) which captures the water consumption lifestyles of the average family in the United States. The 5.275 (1.5-ton) water-to-water ground source heat pump (WW-GSHP) shared the same vertical bore with a 7.56 KW water-to-air ground source heat pump for space conditioning the same house. Energy and exergy analysis of data collected continuously over a twelve month period provide performance metrics and sources of inherent systemic inefficiencies. Data and analyses are vital to better understand how WW-GSHPs may be further improved to enable the ground to be used as a renewable energy resource.
Download or read book The Integration of Water Loop Heat Pump and Building Structural Thermal Storage Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many commercial buildings need heat in one part and, at the same time, cooling in another part. Even more common is the need for heating during one part of the day and cooling during another in the same spaces. If that energy could be shifted or stored for later use, significant energy might be saved. If a building's heating and cooling subsystems could be integrated with the building's structural mass and used to collect, store, and deliver energy, the energy might be save cost-effectively. To explore this opportunity, researchers at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) examined the thermal interactions between the heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system and the structure of a commercial building. Computer models were developed to simulate the interactions in an existing building located in Seattle, Washington, to determine how these building subsystems could be integrated to improve energy efficiency. The HVAC subsystems in the existing building were modeled. These subsystems consist of decentralized water-source heat pumps (WSHP) in a closed water loop, connected to cooling towers for heat rejection during cooling mode and boilers to augment heating. An initial base case'' computer model of the Seattle building, as-built, was developed. Metered data available for the building were used to calibrate this model to ensure that the analysis would provide information that closely reflected the operation of a real building. The HVAC system and building structure were integrated in the model using the concrete floor slabs as thermal storage media. The slabs may be actively charged during off-peak periods with the chilled water in the loop and then either actively or passively discharged into the conditioned space during peak periods. 21 refs., 37 figs., 17 tabs.
Download or read book Initial Findings written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is one in a series of reports describing research activities in support of the US Department of Energy (DOE) Commercial Building System Integration Research Program. The goal of the program is to develop the scientific and technical basis for improving integrated decision-making during design and construction. Improved decision-making could significantly reduce buildings' energy use by the year 2010. The objectives of the Commercial Building System Integration Research Program are: to identify and quantify the most significant energy-related interactions among building subsystems; to develop the scientific and technical basis for improving energy related interactions in building subsystems; and to provide guidance to designers, owners, and builders for improving the integration of building subsystems for energy efficiency. The lead laboratory for this program is the Pacific Northwest Laboratory. A wide variety of expertise and resources from industry, academia, other government entities, and other DOE laboratories are used in planning, reviewing and conducting research activities. Cooperative and complementary research, development, and technology transfer activities with other interested organizations are actively pursued. In this report, the interactions of a water loop heat pump system and building structural mass and their effect on whole-building energy performance is analyzed. 10 refs., 54 figs., 1 tab.
Download or read book International Energy Conservation Code written by International Code Council and published by . This book was released on 2010-01-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Study Companion is a comprehensive self-study guide for the 2009 International Energy Conservation Code. Ten study sessions cover administration and enforcement as well as energy efficiency in residential and commercial structures. A 20-question quiz is provided at the end of each study session.
Download or read book Heating and Cooling with Ground Source Heat Pumps in Moderate and Cold Climates Two Volume Set written by Vasile Minea and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-07-30 with total page 841 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heating and Cooling with Ground-Source Heat Pumps in Moderate and Cold Climates, Two-Volume Set focuses on the use of very low-temperature geothermal energy for heating and cooling residential, institutional, and industrial buildings, and aims to increase the design community’s awareness and knowledge of the benefits, design, and installation requirements of commercial/institutional building ground-source heat pumps (GSHP). This set helps readers assess applicability, select a GSHP system type, and estimate building thermal load to ensure proper size for ground-source subsystems, appropriate brine and groundwater flow rates, and apt design of building closed-loops with distributed or central geothermal heat pumps. The first volume addresses fundamentals and design principles of vertical and horizontal indirect and direct expansion closed-loop, as well as ground- and surface-water ground-source heat pump systems. It explains the thermodynamic aspects of mechanical and thermochemical compression cycles of geothermal heat pumps, as well as the energetic, economic, and environmental aspects associated with the use of ground-source heat pump systems for heating and cooling residential and commercial/institutional buildings in moderate and cold climates. The second volume focuses on applications and cases studies of ground-source heat pumps in moderate and cold climates. It details technical aspects, as well as the most common and uncommon application fields of basic system configurations. The principles of system integrations and applications in moderate and cold climates are also presented, each followed by case studies. This comprehensive work is aimed at designers of HVAC systems, as well as geological, mechanical, and chemical engineers implementing environmentally-friendly heating and cooling technologies for buildings.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems written by Louis Lamarche and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-05 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems: Design and Application is written for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in renewable energy and heat transfer. This classroom-tested text covers ground heat exchanger modeling, secondary loop ground-source system design, pumping energy, thermal response testing, commercial building applications, and horizontal and groundwater ground heat exchangers. The book is oriented to practical applications, including the economic analysis of ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems, but more theoretical sections are provided covering research-related geothermal applications. Chapters on heat transfer fundamentals and heat pump concepts are included for readers less familiar with thermal engineering concepts. A chapter covering the economic analysis of GSHP systems is also included. All of the examples and problems in the book are solved using the open-source Python programming language. The book will provide students in geothermal energy courses with a solid understanding of the subject. It will also be a valuable reference for professionals working in the field of renewable energy.
Download or read book Progress in Exergy Energy and the Environment written by Ibrahim Dincer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-17 with total page 1055 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thorough and highly relevant volume examines exergy, energy and the environment in the context of energy systems and applications and as a potential tool for design, analysis, optimization. It further considers their role in minimizing and/or eliminating environmental impacts and providing for sustainable development. In this regard, several key topics ranging from the basics of the thermodynamic concepts to advanced exergy analysis techniques in a wide range of applications are covered.
Download or read book Heating and Cooling with Ground Source Heat Pumps in Cold and Moderate Climates written by Vasile Minea and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-04-19 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heating and Cooling with Ground-Source Heat Pumps in Cold and Moderate Climates: Design Principles, Potential Applications and Case Studies focuses on applications and cases studies of ground-source heat pumps in moderate and cold climates. It details technical aspects (such as materials, thermal fluid carriers and pumping, and drilling/trenching technologies), as well as the most common and uncommon application fields for basic system configurations. The principles of system integrations and applications in moderate and cold climates (such as hybrid, solar-assisted, thermo-syphon, foundation, mines, snow melting, district heating and cooling ground-source heat pump systems, etc.) are also presented, each followed by case studies. Based on the author's more than 30 years of technical experience Discusses ground-source heat pump technologies that can be successfully applied in moderate and cold climates Presents several case studies, including successful energy results, as well as the main lessons learned This work is aimed at designers of HVAC systems, as well as geological, mechanical, and chemical engineers implementing environmentally-friendly heating and cooling technologies for buildings.
Download or read book Exergy Analysis of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning written by Ibrahim Dincer and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-08-08 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improve and optimize efficiency of HVAC and related energy systems from an exergy perspective. From fundamentals to advanced applications, Exergy Analysis of Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration provides readers with a clear and concise description of exergy analysis and its many uses. Focusing on the application of exergy methods to the primary technologies for heating, refrigerating, and air conditioning, Ibrahim Dincer and Marc A. Rosen demonstrate exactly how exergy can help improve and optimize efficiency, environmental performance, and cost-effectiveness. The book also discusses the analysis tools available, and includes many comprehensive case studies on current and emerging systems and technologies for real-world examples. From introducing exergy and thermodynamic fundamentals to presenting the use of exergy methods for heating, refrigeration, and air conditioning systems, this book equips any researcher or practicing engineer with the tools needed to learn and master the application of exergy analysis to these systems. Explains the fundamentals of energy/exergy for practitioners/researchers in HVAC&R fields for improving efficiency Covers environmental assessments and economic evaluations for a well-rounded approach to the subject Includes comprehensive case studies on both current and emerging systems/technologies Provides examples from a range of applications – from basic HVAC&R to more diverse processes such as industrial heating/cooling, cogeneration and trigeneration, and thermal storage
Download or read book Exergy written by Masanori Shukuya and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-05 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many people, professionals and non-professionals alike, recognize that it is of critical importance to solve global energy and environmental issues. For this purpose, it is essential to have a scientific understanding of what is meant by the “energy” issue is and the “environmental” issue. The concept of “exergy” is a scientific concept that exactly fits. The concept of ‘energy’ is a scientifically-well established concept, namely ‘to be conserved’. Then the question is what is really consumed. Exergy: Theory and Applications in the Built Environment is dedicated to answer this fundamental question by discussing the theory of “exergy” and by demonstrating its use extensively to describe a variety of systems in particular for built-environmental conditioning. Our immediate environmental space works within the flow of energy and matter in an “exergy-entropy” process, and the built environment can be designed with these energy & environmental issues in mind. Exergy: Theory and Applications in the Built Environment introduces readers who are not familiar with thermodynamics to the concept of exergy with a variety of discussion on the built-environmental space such as heating, cooling, lighting, and others. Readers, including students, researchers, planners, architects and engineers, will obtain a better picture of a sustainable built-environment.
Download or read book Heating and Cooling with Ground Source Heat Pumps in Cold and Moderate Climates written by Vasile Minea and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-04-19 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heating and Cooling with Ground-Source Heat Pumps in Cold and Moderate Climates: Fundamentals and Basic Concepts covers fundamentals and design principles of vertical and horizontal indirect and direct expansion closed-loop, as well as ground and surface-water ground-source heat pump systems. It explains the thermodynamic aspects of mechanical and thermochemical compression cycles of geothermal heat pumps, and describes the energetic, economic, and environmental aspects associated with the use of ground-source heat pump systems for heating and cooling residential and commercial/institutional buildings in moderate and cold climates. Based on the author's more than 30 years of technical experience Focuses on ground-source heat pump technologies that can be successfully applied in moderate and cold climates Discusses technical aspects as well as the most common and uncommon application fields of basic system configurations This work is aimed at designers of HVAC systems, as well as geological, mechanical, and chemical engineers implementing environmentally-friendly heating and cooling technologies for buildings.
Download or read book Innovations in Ventilative Cooling written by Giacomo Chiesa and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-08 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes the most recent outcomes from research and professional practice in the ventilative cooling field, gathered by the selected panel of authors. It provides essential contents to face and reduce the rise of space cooling and ventilation energy uses in buildings by alternative ventilation and cooling solutions. The book is organised into three parts which include a detailed description of ventilative cooling boundaries and implications (working principles, KPIs, standards, comfort models, control techniques) and of principal techniques (night ventilation, controlled natural ventilation, hybrid solutions, PCM and mass activation, evaporative cooling, earth-to-air heat exchangers) along with an updated analysis of the background to the topic. Furthermore, the last part of the book defines a unique practical and theoretical framework to include ventilative cooling solutions in different building typologies along with their principal implications.
Download or read book Improving Water Loop Heat Pump Performance by Using Low Temperature Geothermal Fluid written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water-loop heat pump (WLHP) systems are an important option for space conditioning of commercial buildings. They provide the opportunity of saving energy through heat recovery and thermal balancing when heating and cooling occur simultaneously. WLHP systems typically operate with loop water temperature between 16 C and 32 C. When cooling loads dominate, loop water temperatures are maintained below 32 C by rejecting excess heat with a cooling tower. When heating dominates, loop water temperatures are maintained above 16 C by a heater input. The capacity and efficiency of water-source heat pumps (WSHP) in both operating modes are strong functions of the inlet water temperature. The emphasis of this paper is on the analysis of system performances, energy savings of the mixed cooling and heating mode of the WLHP systems for it is a unique operating mode in the air-conditioning and space heating systems. The energy saving effect by using low temperature geothermal as the heat input for WLHP systems was examined.
Download or read book Performance Analysis of Dedicated Heat Pump Water Heaters in an Office Building written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Building Services Engineering written by Ioan Sarbu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-04 with total page 910 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive, systematic overview of original theoretical, experimental, and numerical studies in the building services engineering domain. It brings together different strands of the topic, guided by the two key features of energy savings and reduction of the pollutant emissions. Technical, economic, and energy efficiency aspects related to the design, modelling, optimisation, and operation of diverse building services systems are explored. This book includes various theoretical studies, numerical and optimisation models, experiments, and applications in this field, giving an emphasis to: indoor environment quality assurance; energy analysis, modelling, and optimisation of heating systems; improving the energy performance of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems; valorising the solar and geothermal energies; analysis of thermal energy storage technologies; hydraulic simulation and optimisation of water distribution systems; and improving the energy efficiency of water pumping. With 11 pedagogically structured chapters, containing numerous illustrations, tables, and examples, this book provides researchers, lecturers, engineers, and graduate students with a thorough guide to building service engineering.
