Download or read book Excess Savings and Twin Deficits written by Rishabh Aggarwal and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the effects of debt-financed fiscal transfers in a general equilibrium, heterogeneous-agent model of the world economy. In the long run, increases in government debt anywhere raise the world interest rate and increase private wealth everywhere. In the short run, a country with a larger-than-average fiscal deficit experiences both a large increase in private savings ("excess savings") and a small but persistent current account deficit (a slow-motion "twin deficit"). These patterns are consistent with the evolution of the world's balance of payments since the beginning of the Covid pandemic.

Download or read book Back to the Future written by Geoffrey Matthew Bemis Tootell and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Macromodelling Debt and Twin Deficits written by WAN LATIFAH and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2014-09-10 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Debt is an important form of financing economic development, especially external debt is in the form of foreign exchange inflows. Exports may not bring in the necessary amount of foreign exchange needed for more imports, or foreign direct investment may not be sufficient for rapid economic development. Debt may bring in benefits/profits or may become a problem of liquidity or solvency. Debt is profitable when its usage brings in discounted streams of rates of return greater than its discounted streams of costs. Illiquidity is a short-run inadequacy of foreign exchange whereas solvency is a long-run problem in the same respect. Debt crisis - a long run solvency problem - refers to a situation where a country or a region undergo rescheduling; i.e. postponement of interest and principal repayments as a result of inability to repay debt. Rescheduling occurs often through the process of negotiations between debtors and creditors. A country can also declare a moratorium which is more severe because it means repayments of interest or both interest and principal are stopped temporarily until creditors agree to negotiate. The 1980s marked a decade where there were developing country-wide debt problem. The nature of debt problem broadly differ among regions. The Latin American countries went into debt crisis due to excessive borrowings in the international credit markets including the Euro-currency market. The debt crisis in the African region predates that of the Latin American's due to scarcity of foreign exchange earnings via exports. The ASEAN region has lesser debt problems of illiquidity in nature, thus perceived as creditworthy by over-viewers, facilitating more capital inflows in either the form of foreign investment or foreign debt.

Download or read book Beyond the Twin Deficits A Trade Strategy for the 1990 s written by Robert A. Blecker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study documents evidence of a decline trend in the international competitiveness of US industry. The analysis identifies three groups of countries that account for most of the US trade deficit in the 1980s: the surplus countries, Germany and Japan; the East Asian NICs; and the Latin American debtors. In each case the author points to underlying structural problems contributing to the deficit. They call for quite different US policy responses, including microeconomic and industrial policies, incentives to revive productivity, growth and technological innovation, import surcharges, wage increases in the NICs, currency realignments, US capital exports, and debt relief. A pragmatic policy approach, with efforts to open foreign markets, aims to achieve the greatest possible reduction in the trade deficit with the lowest possible cost from macroeconomic adjustments. The author urges the reversal of two adverse trends in his policy strategy: the decline in public sector investment and the decreasing progressivity of the tax code.

Download or read book International Macroeconomics written by Stephanie Schmitt-Grohé and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-09-06 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential introduction to one of the most timely and important subjects in economics International Macroeconomics presents a rigorous and theoretically elegant treatment of real-world international macroeconomic problems, incorporating the latest economic research while maintaining a microfounded, optimizing, and dynamic general equilibrium approach. This one-of-a-kind textbook introduces a basic model and applies it to fundamental questions in international economics, including the determinants of the current account in small and large economies, processes of adjustment to shocks, the determinants of the real exchange rate, the role of fixed and flexible exchange rates in models with nominal rigidities, and interactions between monetary and fiscal policy. The book confronts theoretical predictions using actual data, highlighting both the power and limits of given theories and encouraging critical thinking. Provides a rigorous and elegant treatment of fundamental questions in international macroeconomics Brings undergraduate and master’s instruction in line with modern economic research Follows a microfounded, optimizing, and dynamic general equilibrium approach Addresses fundamental questions in international economics, such as the role of capital controls in the presence of financial frictions and balance-of-payments crises Uses real-world data to test the predictions of theoretical models Features a wealth of exercises at the end of each chapter that challenge students to hone their theoretical skills and scrutinize the empirical relevance of models Accompanied by a website with lecture slides for every chapter

Download or read book NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2022 written by Martin Eichenbaum and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2023-05-15 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authoritative takes on the most current and pressing issues in macroeconomics today. The NBER Macroeconomics Annual provides a forum for leading economists to participate in important debates in macroeconomics and to report on major developments in macroeconomic analysis and policy. The NBER Macroeconomics Annual brings together leading scholars to discuss five research papers on central issues in contemporary macroeconomics. First, Andrea Eisfeldt, Antonio Falato, and Mindy Xiaolan document the rise of a new class of worker that receives part of its labor income as equity-based compensation, its role in the recent decline in the labor share of income, and implications for the returns to skilled labor and the implied capital-skill complementarity. Next, Michael Bauer and Eric Swanson focus on monetary policy shocks and argue the correlation between estimated monetary surprises and previously available information can be explained by uncertainty about the parameters of the monetary policy rule. Using new data and methods they find effects of monetary policy on macroeconomic variables that are much larger than previously estimated. Job Boerma and Loukas Karabarbounis provide a framework for quantitatively exploring the gap in wealth between White and Black Americans over the past 150 years and examine the effectiveness of reparations as a tool for closing this gap. Guido Menzio considers workers who do not have rational expectations, and whose “stubborn” beliefs change the response of wages to technology shocks, resulting in sticky wages. He finds that the larger the fraction of workers with stubborn beliefs, the more volatile unemployment is. Finally, Rishabh Aggarwal, Adrien Auclert, Matthew Rognlie, and Ludwig Straub investigate the growth—particularly in the United States—of private savings, current account deficits, and fiscal deficits after 2020. They argue that fiscal deficits lead to large and persistent increases in private savings and current account deficits.

Download or read book External Sector Report 2022 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-08-04 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global current account balances—the overall size of current account deficits and surpluses—continued to widen in 2021 to 3.5 percent of world GDP, and are expected to widen again this year. The IMF’s multilateral approach suggests that global excess balances narrowed to 0.9 percent of world GDP in 2021 compared with 1.2 percent of world GDP in 2020. The pandemic has continued to affect economies’ current account balances unevenly through the travel and transportation sectors as well as a shift from services to goods consumption. Commodity prices recovered from the COVID-19 shock and started rising in 2021 with opposite effects on the external position of exporters and importers, a trend that the war in Ukraine is exacerbating in 2022. The medium-term outlook for global current account balances is a gradual narrowing as the impact of the pandemic fades away, commodity prices normalize, and fiscal consolidation in current account deficit economies progresses. However, this outlook is highly uncertain and subject to several risks. Policies to promote external rebalancing differ with positions and needs of individual economies.

Download or read book The Investor s Guide to Economic Fundamentals written by John Calverley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-03-14 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete guide to key market features and their impact on each of the main areas of investment This comprehensive guide offers practical advice on how to predict and manage market risk and how to allocate assets for the best performance under different market conditions. The Investor's Guide to Market Fundamentals covers both the theory and practice of this often-complicated subject, and gives readers a reliable source of market information.

Download or read book Trade Wars are Class Wars written by Matthew C. Klein and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is a very important book."--Martin Wolf, Financial TimesA provocative look at how today's trade conflicts are caused by governments promoting the interests of elites at the expense of workers Longlisted for the 2020 Financial Times & McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award "Worth reading for [the authors'] insights into the history of trade and finance."--George Melloan, Wall Street Journal Trade disputes are usually understood as conflicts between countries with competing national interests, but as Matthew C. Klein and Michael Pettis show, they are often the unexpected result of domestic political choices to serve the interests of the rich at the expense of workers and ordinary retirees. Klein and Pettis trace the origins of today's trade wars to decisions made by politicians and business leaders in China, Europe, and the United States over the past thirty years. Across the world, the rich have prospered while workers can no longer afford to buy what they produce, have lost their jobs, or have been forced into higher levels of debt. In this thought-provoking challenge to mainstream views, the authors provide a cohesive narrative that shows how the class wars of rising inequality are a threat to the global economy and international peace--and what we can do about it.

Download or read book Thinking about Development written by Paul Patrick Streeten and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-07-24 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paul Streeten is recognised as one of the profession's most eminent authorities on economic development. In these lectures he provides a major statement on his approach to the development problem, stressing that human development, not simply income growth, should be the focus of all strategies to eradicate hunger and poverty in the world. His argument assigns an important role to reformed government - both in providing social services and in facilitating the functioning of markets - in opposition to the prevailing idea that minimal government is more often than not the optimal solution. The role of small and larger firms, institutions, central and local government is also carefully examined. Streeten outlines a normative political economy - how to mobilise reformist alliances, how to use interest group, how to harness coalition - in the pursuit of effective development.

Download or read book Untangling the US Deficit written by Richard A. Iley and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book would be a good companion text for an undergraduate class in international finance or open-economy macroeconomics. Catherine L. Mann, Journal of Economic Literature Untangling the US Deficit is a unique and well-researched book and will be of great interest to academic economists and postgraduates. Policymakers, business and market economists will also find it an enlightening and challenging analysis. sirreadalot.org The book is written in a very accessible fashion, even though the authors strive to accommodate competing and complex views on the causes and cures of the US external deficit, which makes for enjoyable and informative reading. Their reliance on data, charts and bibliography result in persuasive arguments. Recommended. General readers; upper-division undergraduates through practitioners. A. Sharma, Choice What are the causes of the US current account deficit? Are the problems made in the US or the rest of the world? Are these deficits sustainable, at what level? These are the types of questions the authors set out to answer, and in essence conclude that the answers do not matter for global stability as long as imbalances are left to market forces and the US can avoid large net income outflows. The beauty of this book, however, is watching the authors (the unusual combination of a business economist and an academic economist) arrive at this conclusion. They provide insights that can come only from years of practical and theoretical experience. William E. Becker, Indiana University Bloomington, US As the US current account deficit has expanded to a record level of $811 billion in 2006, debate about the deficit s causes and consequences has also grown. Is the deficit a product of American profligacy or a glut of savings in the rest of the world? Is it a serious problem or essentially benign? Untangling the US Deficit charts a course between the competing explanations in a systematic and rigorous approach, incorporating the latest academic research and market data. Particular attention is given to the China United States trade imbalance and to the special role of the US dollar and US capital markets in global finance. This unique and well-researched book will be of great interest to academic economists and postgraduates. Policy-makers, business and market economists will also find it to be an enlightening and challenging account.

Download or read book The Economics of Foreign Exchange and Global Finance written by Peijie Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-05 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is designed to integrate the theory of foreign exchange rate determi- tion and the practice of global finance in a single volume, which demonstrates how theory guides practice, and practice motivates theory, in this important area of scholarly work and commercial operation in an era when the global market has become increasingly integrated. The book presents all major subjects in international monetary theory, foreign exchange markets, international financial management and investment analysis. The book is relevant to real world problems in the sense that it provides guidance on how to solve policy issues as well as practical management tasks. This in turn helps the reader to gain an understanding of the theory and refines the framework. This new edition of the book incorporates two new chapters, together with - dating most chapters in the first edition, integrating new materials, data, and/or the recent developments in the areas. A new chapter on the portfolio balance approach to exchange rate determination is included, in addition to the major models - cluded in the first edition: the Mundell-Fleming model, the flexible price monetary model, the sticky price monetary model featured by the Dornbusch model and the real interest rate differential model. This makes the book inclusive in exchange rate theories. A second new chapter included is on issues in balance of payments or international transactions and their interactions with exchange rates, changes in exchange rates and exchange rate policies.

Download or read book Modern Financial Crises written by Beniamino Moro and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-21 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to the analysis of the three main financial crises that have marked this century: 2001 Argentina’s defaulting on its external debt, the American subprime crisis in 2008, and the current European debt crisis in Europe. The book pursues three major objectives: firstly, to accurately portray these three financial crises; secondly, to analyze what went wrong with mainstream economic theory, which was unable to foresee these types of economic turmoil; and thirdly, to review macroeconomic theory, re-evaluating Keynes’ original contribution to economic analysis and pointing out the need to rebuild macroeconomics with a view to studying economic illness rather than trying to prove the non-existence of economic problems.

Download or read book Global Imbalances Exchange Rates and Oil Exporting Countries written by Christian M. Oberpriller and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 2009 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the phenomenon of the unprecedentedly high U.S. current account deficit and its counterpart surpluses in the rest of the world. The book develops a four-region model focusing on the U.S., Europe, Asia and the oil-exporting countries in order to compute the real exchange rate changes which might accompany a reduction in the world's current account imbalances. In addition to the economics of a purely demand-side-driven world, the impact of a flexible supply side on the behavior of the relevant economic variables is modeled and analyzed.

Download or read book Budget Deficits and Debt written by Siamack Shojai and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 1999-01-30 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection is a critical evaluation of the impact of fiscal imbalances on the economy of industrialized and developing countries as prepared by a diverse group of scholars involved in advanced research on public finance. Technical issues, economic consequences and the political economy of budget deficits and government debt are covered in one succinct volume. The work provides a balanced presentation of neo-classical views on measures of government deficits; the budget process and major budgetary legislation in the United States; and the impact of deficits on economic activity, exchange rates, inflation, financial markets, trade balance, and economic growth. It also examines the political economy of government budgets in the OECD, select developing economies, and South Africa. From the 1950s to the 1980s, economic activity and growth were affected by fiscal imbalances and excessive government activity in many countries. Although many actors have made retrenchment attempts, economic research has not resolved the conflicting arguments about the impact of fiscal imbalances on the global economy. This book provides a balanced presentation of all major issues related to the impact of fiscal activity on the economy.

Download or read book The Princeton Encyclopedia of the World Economy Two Volume Set written by Kenneth A. Reinert and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 1338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing economic globalization has made understanding the world economy more important than ever. From trade agreements to offshore outsourcing to foreign aid, this two-volume encyclopedia explains the key elements of the world economy and provides a first step to further research for students and scholars in public policy, international studies, business, and the broader social sciences, as well as for economic policy professionals. Written by an international team of contributors, this comprehensive reference includes more than 300 up-to-date entries covering a wide range of topics in international trade, finance, production, and economic development. These topics include concepts and principles, models and theory, institutions and agreements, policies and instruments, analysis and tools, and sectors and special issues. Each entry includes cross-references and a list of sources for further reading and research. Complete with an index and a table of contents that groups entries by topic, The Princeton Encyclopedia of the World Economy is an essential resource for anyone who needs to better understand the global economy. Features: ? More than 300 alphabetically arranged articles on topics in international trade, finance, production, and economic development International team of contributors Annotated list of further reading with each article Topical list of entries Full index and cross-references Entry categories and sample topics: ? Concepts and principles: globalization, anti-globalization, fair trade, foreign direct investment, international migration, economic development, multinational enterprises Models and theory: Heckscher-Ohlin model, internalization theory, New Trade Theory, North-South trade, Triffin dilemma Institutions and agreements: European Union, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, World Bank, Doha Round, international investment agreements Policies and instruments: dollar standard, international aid, sanctions, tariffs Analysis and tools: exchange rate forecasting, effective protection, monetary policy rules Sectors and special issues: child labor, corporate governance, the digital divide, health and globalization, illegal drugs trade, petroleum, steel

Download or read book Macroeconomics and Markets in Developing and Emerging Economies written by Ashima Goyal and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents and further develops basic principles and concepts in international finance and open economy macroeconomics to make them more relevant for emerging and developing economies (EDEs). The volume emphasises the necessity of greater knowledge of context as populous Asian economies integrate with world markets, as well as the rapidly changing nature of the area due to rethinking after the global financial crisis. It addresses a host of themes, including key issues such as exchange rate economics, macroeconomic policy in an open economy, analytical frameworks for and experience of EDEs after liberalisation, the international financial system, currency and financial crises, continuing risks and regulatory response. This book will be useful to scholars and researchers of economics, especially in macroeconomics, business and finance and development studies.