Download or read book Examining the Neuromuscular and Mechanical Characteristics of the Abdominal Musculature and Connective Tissues written by Stephen Hadley Morgan Brown and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research has uncovered an essential role of proper abdominal muscle function in ensuring the health and integrity of the lumbar spine. The anatomical arrangement of the abdominal musculature (rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis) and intervening connective tissues is unique in the human body. Despite the hypothesized importance and uniqueness of the abdominal muscles, very little research has been directed to understanding their role from a neuro-mechanical standpoint. Thus, this thesis was designed to study the neuro-activation and mechanical characteristics of the abdominal musculature and connective tissues, with a specific focus on torso stiffening mechanisms. Several experiments were performed and unified around this theme. The first study explored the fundamental relationship between EMG muscle activation recordings and the moments generated by the trunk musculature. This study was novel in that investigation of the abdominal musculature was augmented with consideration of antagonist muscle co-activation. The main finding was that the EMG-moment relationships were quite similar in both the abdominal and extensor muscle groups; however, the form of this relationship differed from that often reported in the literature. Specifically, consideration of antagonist muscle moments linearized the EMG-moment relationship of the agonist muscle groups. Once this activation-moment relationship had been established, the next line of questioning explored the association between torso muscle activation, driven through the abdominals, and torso stiffness. Two studies addressed this issue: the first examined the intrinsic resistance of the torso to bending in the flexion, extension, and lateral bend directions, while varying the levels of torso muscle activation; the second examined the response of the trunk to perturbations while varying the levels of torso muscle activation under the presence of limited reflexes. The first of these two studies demonstrated a rise in trunk stiffness as muscle activation increased over the lower 40% of range of motion. At greater ranges of motion in flexion and lateral bend the trunk appeared to become less stiff as the musculature contracted to higher levels. The latter study revealed substantial spinal displacements in response to trunk perturbations, indicating that in the absence of reflex activity, the stiffness produced by muscular contraction may be inadequate to stiffen the torso to prevent damage to spinal tissues. The fourth study was designed to enable in-vivo observation of abdominal muscle and connective tissue deformation using ultrasound imaging. During relatively simple abdominal contractions, the oblique aponeurosis demonstrated surprising deformation patterns that often exhibited the characteristic of a negative Poisson's ratio. This was hypothesized to be facilitated by the composite laminate arrangement of the abdominal wall, whereby the loose connective tissues separating layers of collagen fibres may allow for separation of adjacent layers, giving the appearance of structural volume expansion. Further, a lateral displacement of the rectus abdominis muscle was noted in a majority of contractions, highlighting the dominance of the laterally oriented forces generated by the oblique muscles. The final study questioned, at a basic level, the nature of the anatomical arrangement of the abdominal muscle-connective tissue network. Examining the contraction of the rat abdominal wall uncovered the transfer of muscularly generated force and stiffness through the connective tissues binding the layered muscles. This suggests a functionality of the abdominal wall as a composite laminate structure, allowing substantial multi-directional stiffness to be generated and transmitted around the torso, thereby enhancing the ability to effectively stabilize the spine.
Download or read book Selected Health Conditions and Likelihood of Improvement with Treatment written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-07-12 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two programs that provide disability benefits: the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program and the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. SSDI provides disability benefits to people (under the full retirement age) who are no longer able to work because of a disabling medical condition. SSI provides income assistance for disabled, blind, and aged people who have limited income and resources regardless of their prior participation in the labor force. Both programs share a common disability determination process administered by SSA and state agencies as well as a common definition of disability for adults: "the inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months." Disabled workers might receive either SSDI benefits or SSI payments, or both, depending on their recent work history and current income and assets. Disabled workers might also receive benefits from other public programs such as workers' compensation, which insures against work-related illness or injuries occurring on the job, but those other programs have their own definitions and eligibility criteria. Selected Health Conditions and Likelihood of Improvement with Treatment identifies and defines the professionally accepted, standard measurements of outcomes improvement for medical conditions. This report also identifies specific, long-lasting medical conditions for adults in the categories of mental health disorders, cancers, and musculoskeletal disorders. Specifically, these conditions are disabling for a length of time, but typically don't result in permanently disabling limitations; are responsive to treatment; and after a specific length of time of treatment, improve to the point at which the conditions are no longer disabling.
Download or read book Anatomy Physiology written by Lindsay Biga and published by . This book was released on 2019-09-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A version of the OpenStax text
Download or read book Botulinum Neurotoxins written by Andreas Rummel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extremely potent substance botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has attracted much interest in diverse fields. Originally identified as cause for the rare but deadly disease botulism, military and terrorist intended to misuse this sophisticated molecule as biological weapon. This caused its classification as select agent category A by the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention and the listing in the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention. Later, the civilian use of BoNT as long acting peripheral muscle relaxant has turned this molecule into an indispensable pharmaceutical world wide with annual revenues >$1.5 billion. Also basic scientists value the botulinum neurotoxin as molecular tool for dissecting mechanisms of exocytosis. This book will cover the most recent molecular details of botulinum neurotoxin, its mechanism of action as well as its detection and application.
Download or read book Anatomy Trains written by Thomas W. Myers and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible comprehensive approach to the anatomy and function of the fascial system in the body combined with a holistic.
Download or read book Research Grants Index written by National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 1224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Disorders of Voluntary Muscle written by George Karpati and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-07-12 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rewritten and redesigned, this remains the one essential text on the diseases of skeletal muscle.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 1264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles written by Vladimir M. Zatsiorsky and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2012-04-10 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Richly illustrated and presented in clear, concise language, Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles is an essential resource for those seeking advanced knowledge of muscle biomechanics. Written by leading experts Vladimir Zatsiorsky and Boris Prilutsky, the text is one of the few to look at muscle biomechanics in its entirety—from muscle fibers to muscle coordination—making it a unique contribution to the field. Using a blend of experimental evidence and mechanical models, Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles provides an explanation of whole muscle biomechanics at work in the body in motion. The book first addresses the mechanical behavior of single muscles—from the sarcomere level up to the entire muscle. The architecture of human muscle, the mechanical properties of tendons and passive muscles, the biomechanics of active muscles, and the force transmission and shock absorption aspects of muscle are explored in detail. Next, the various issues of muscle functioning during human motion are addressed. The transformation from muscle force to joint movements, two-joint muscle function, eccentric muscle action, and muscle coordination are analyzed. This advanced text assumes some knowledge of algebra and calculus; however, the emphasis is on understanding physical concepts. Higher-level computational descriptions are placed in special sections in the later chapters of the book, allowing those with a strong mathematical background to explore this material in more detail. Readers who choose to skip over these sections will find that the book still provides a strong conceptual understanding of advanced topics. Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles also contains numerous special features that facilitate readers’ comprehension of the topics presented. More than 300 illustrations and accompanying explanations provide an extensive visual representation of muscle biomechanics. Refresher sidebars offer brief reminders of mathematical and biomechanical concepts, and From the Literature sidebars present practical examples that illustrate the concepts under discussion. Chapter summaries and review questions provide an opportunity for reflection and self-testing, and reference lists at the end of each chapter provide a starting point for further study. Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles offers a thorough explanation of whole muscle biomechanics, bridging the gap between foundational biomechanics texts and scientific literature. With the information found in this text, readers can prepare themselves to better understand the latest in cutting-edge research. Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles is the third volume in the Biomechanics of Human Motion series. Advanced readers in human movement science gain a comprehensive understanding of the biomechanics of human motion as presented by one of the world’s foremost researchers on the subject, Dr. Vladimir Zatsiorsky. The series begins with Kinematics of Human Motion, which details human body positioning and movement in three dimensions; continues with Kinetics of Human Motion, which examines the forces that create body motion and their effects; and concludes with Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles, which explains the action of the biological motors that exert force and produce mechanical work during human movement.
Download or read book Multiple Sclerosis written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-08-10 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and often disabling disease of the nervous system, affecting about 1 million people worldwide. Even though it has been known for over a hundred years, no cause or cure has yet been discovered-but now there is hope. New therapies have been shown to slow the disease progress in some patients, and the pace of discoveries about the cellular machinery of the brain and spinal cord has accelerated. This book presents a comprehensive overview of multiple sclerosis today, as researchers seek to understand its processes, develop therapies that will slow or halt the disease and perhaps repair damage, offer relief for specific symptoms, and improve the abilities of MS patients to function in their daily lives. The panel reviews existing knowledge and identifies key research questions, focusing on: Research strategies that have the greatest potential to understand the biological mechanisms of recovery and to translate findings into specific strategies for therapy. How people adapt to MS and the research needed to improve the lives of people with MS. Management of disease symptoms (cognitive impairment, depression, spasticity, vision problems, and others). The committee also discusses ways to build and financially support the MS research enterprise, including a look at challenges inherent in designing clinical trials. This book will be important to MS researchers, research funders, health care advocates for MS research and treatment, and interested patients and their families.
Download or read book Diagnosis and Treatment of Movement Impairment Syndromes written by Shirley Sahrmann and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2001-09-04 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by an acknowledged expert on muscle and movement imbalances, this well illustrated book presents a classification system of mechanical pain syndromes that is designed to direct the exercise prescription and the correction of faulty movement patterns. The diagnostic categories, associated muscle and movement imbalances, recommendations for treatment, examination, exercise principles, specific corrective exercises, and modification of functionalactivities for case management are described in detail. This book is designed to give practitioners an organized and structured method of analyzing the mechanical cause of movement impairment syndrome, the contributing factors and a strategy for management. * Provides the tools for the physical therapist to identify movement imbalances, establish the relevant diagnosis, develop the corrective exercise prescription and carefully instruct the patient about how to carry out the exercise program. * Authored by the acknowledged expert on movement system imbalances. * Covers both the evaluation process and therapeutic treatment. * Detailed descriptions of exercises for the student or practitioner. * Includes handouts to be photocopied and given to the patient for future reference.
Download or read book Guide to Physical Therapist Practice written by American Physical Therapy Association (1921- ) and published by Amer Physical Therapy Assn. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text guides patterns of practice; improves quality of care; promotes appropriate use of health care services; and explains physical therapist practice to insurers, policymakers, and other health care professionals. This edition continues to be a resource for both daily practice and professional education.
Download or read book Anatomy and Physiology written by J. Gordon Betts and published by . This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fitness Measures and Health Outcomes in Youth written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-12-10 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical fitness affects our ability to function and be active. At poor levels, it is associated with such health outcomes as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Physical fitness testing in American youth was established on a large scale in the 1950s with an early focus on performance-related fitness that gradually gave way to an emphasis on health-related fitness. Using appropriately selected measures to collected fitness data in youth will advance our understanding of how fitness among youth translates into better health. In Fitness Measures and Health Outcomes in Youth, the IOM assesses the relationship between youth fitness test items and health outcomes, recommends the best fitness test items, provides guidance for interpreting fitness scores, and provides an agenda for needed research. The report concludes that selected cardiorespiratory endurance, musculoskeletal fitness, and body composition measures should be in fitness surveys and in schools. Collecting fitness data nationally and in schools helps with setting and achieving fitness goals and priorities for public health at an individual and national level.
Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Elastography written by Sudhakar K. Venkatesh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-01 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to cover the groundbreaking development and clinical applications of Magnetic Resonance Elastography, this book is essential for all practitioners interested in this revolutionary diagnostic modality. The book is divided into three sections. The first covers the history of MRE. The second covers technique and clinical applications of MRE in the liver with respect to fibrosis, liver masses, and other diseases. Case descriptions are presented to give the reader a hands-on approach. The final section presents the techniques, sequence and preliminary results of applications in other areas of the body including muscle, brain, lung, heart, and breast.
Download or read book Neuromuscular Ultrasound E Book written by Francis Walker and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2011-05-18 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuromuscular Ultrasound demonstrates the use of ultrasound as an alternative to electrodiagnosis in the evaluation of neuromuscular disorders through detailed descriptions and clear illustrations. Drs. Francis Walker and Michael S. Cartwright discuss techniques for visualizing muscles and nerves without painful testing for better patient compliance and more efficient diagnosis. Color illustrations, pearls for the clinician, and ultrasound videos online at www.expertconsult.com, ensure that you'll be able to apply this technology effectively in your practice. - Access the fully searchable text online at www.expertconsult.com, along with ultrasound videos that demonstrate ultrasound evaluation in real time. - Diagnose and manage your patients more quickly and easily by visualizing muscles and nerves without painful testing. - Master the nuances of using ultrasound through the visual instruction of clear images and illustrations. - Minimize patient discomfort while maximizing optimal patient evaluation with a practical focus that covers using ultrasound as a screening tool, provides clinical pearls, and includes comparisons to electrodiagnosis. - Apply the full range of ultrasound applications, including interventional uses (such as ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin and steroid injections), ultrasound of polyneuropathies (often found in diabetics), and more.
Download or read book Introduction to Sports Biomechanics written by Roger Bartlett and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-04-12 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
