Download or read book Examining the Effect of Interstitial Space on Eastern Oysters Crassostrea Virginica written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global oyster populations have decreased by as much as 99% in the past century. Oysters are known ecosystem engineers, providing benthic habitat for macrofauna, linking benthic and pelagic food webs, improving water quality, and mitigating shoreline erosion. Restoration efforts are critical in re-establishing native oyster populations. In the Chesapeake Bay, where oyster loss is primarily due to severe over harvest, artificial substrates with geometric shapes are widely used in restoration efforts. However, natural oyster reefs form emergent shapes with a high degree of aggregation and many interstitial spaces (three-dimensional volumetric spaces between oysters within a reef). The lack of interstitial space in artificial substrates contrasted with the presence of interstitial spaces in natural reefs led to the research question: Is there an amount of interstitial space which facilitates oyster recruitment and survival? Previous studies have hypothesized the importance of interstitial space in oyster reefs; however, current research lacks practical and effective methodology for measuring interstitial space of any ecosystem. We implemented a field study to observe the direct effect of interstitial space on oyster recruitment and survival using a concrete artificial oyster reef. Additionally, we used photogrammetry and three-dimensional digital modeling to develop a method for measuring interstitial space of the concrete artificial oyster reef used in the field. We found there to be significantly greater oyster recruitment and survival on substrates with 50 - 100 cm3 interstitial space per 50 mm2 surface area. This is the first study to directly examine the effect of interstitial space on oyster recruitment and survival. This is also the first study to develop a practical methodology for measuring interstitial space which may be transferred for use in other systems, as photogrammetry and three-dimensional modeling are not limited to oyster reef ecosystems. Filling these knowledge gaps will have positive impacts on oyster reef restoration and other ecosystems in which interstitial space is hypothesized to play a critical role.
Download or read book The Effects of Chronic Habitat Degradation on the Physiology and Metal Accumulation of Eastern Oysters Crassostrea Virginica in the Hudson Raritan Estuary written by Allison Mass Fitzgerald and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hudson Raritan Estuary (HRE) was once home an abundant population of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Years of habitat degradation, via removal of habitat and shell substrate, overfishing of the population, and inputs of organic and inorganic contaminants, all led to the decline of this previous keystone species. The HRE today is a highly eutrophic environment, with increased sediment inputs, periods of low dissolved oxygen, algal blooms, and hotspots of contaminants throughout. The current study was designed to understand how a chronically degraded habitat, as is present in the HRE now, affects both juvenile and adult oyster physiology. There are three parts to this study: in the first, a large scale field transplant study was deployed to determine how juvenile oyster health and subcellular physiology are altered over a continuum of sites across the HRE, and if subcellular metal accumulation related to alterations in physiology. Using eight sites across the HRE, it was apparent that there are many site-specific factors that affect oyster physiology, and the synergistic effects of these abiotic and biotic factors together influence oyster physiology the most. There was no one factor that could be isolated as a key parameter to determine future oyster restoration. The second part used a field transplant study to examine the role of a degraded habitat on adult oysters and reproduction. Using Vitellogenin protein and energy expenditures to estimate oyster reproduction, it was seen that adult oysters respond much slower than juveniles and no differences were seen between highly degraded habitats and less degraded habitats. Thirdly, both juveniles and adults were observed to accumulate non-essential metals (Cd and Hg) in the field. In order to determine if metal accumulation is the sole cause of physiological alterations, a laboratory exposure was designed to determine if changes in subcellular physiology could be correlated specifically to subcellular accumulation of Cd or Hg, when no other abiotic factors are able to influence oyster health. It was observed that Cd accumulation lead to physiological changes, but Hg accumulation did not. Using this information about the site-specific nature of oyster physiology and how metal accumulation can alter physiology will allow researchers to choose future restoration sites and set up projects that will allow for maximum growth and survival.
Download or read book The Ecology of Intertidal Oyster Reefs of the South Atlantic Coast written by Leonard M. Bahr and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Study of the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica in Tampa Bay written by Bridgit Melora Mccrickard and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Environmental Variability on the Population Structure of the Eastern Oyster crassostrea Virginia written by Margaret McManus Dekshenieks and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Eastern Oyster written by Victor S. Kennedy and published by University of Maryland Sea Grant Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1966 Congress passed the National Sea Grant College Program Act to promote marine research, education, and extension services in institutions along the nation's ocean and Great Lakes coasts. In Maryland a Sea Grant Program -- a partnership among federal and state governments, universities, and industries -- began in 1977, and in 1982 the University of Maryland was named the nation's seventeenth Sea Grant College. The Maryland Sea Grant College focuses its efforts on the Chesapeake Bay, with emphasis on the marine concerns of fisheries, seafood technology, and environmental quality. The first comprehensive review of the biology of the eastern oyster in more than thirty years. The twenty-one chapters synthesize every aspect of oyster biology -- for instance, general anatomy, physiology, the circulatory system, reproduction, genetics, diseases -- and issues related to management and aquaculture.
Download or read book A Study of the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica written by Vincent Encomio and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cumulative Risks to Eastern Oysters Crassostrea Virginica in the James River Virginia written by Vrushali K. Lele and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an effort to apply Cumulative Risk Assessment (CRA) as developed by the U.S. EPA, the present study investigates the cumulative risks to Eastern oysters due to multiple stressors such as salinity, temperature and oxygen and carbon dioxide. I also compared the effectiveness of the Hazard Quotient Method (HQ) in CRA. Ambient conditions in the James River, VA were obtained from the Virginia DEQ database and respiratory responses were estimated using values from the literature. The multiple environmental stresses are evaluated using a probabilistic analysis that combines the environmental conditions. It was concluded that salinity was the most influential stressor in the model. Other risks were identified contributing to the vulnerability of the oysters. Crystal Ball simulations yielded that the oxygen uptake of oysters reduced by more than 29%. The HQ method was found to be inappropriate in analyzing cumulative risks for CRA. Oyster populations are dramatically declining in the James River and the Chesapeake Bay. Hence, effective oyster restoration activities are underway to rebuild oyster populations in the James River and throughout the Bay area.
Download or read book A Study of Competition Between Native Eastern Oyster crassostrea Virginica and Nonnative Suminoe Oyster crassostrea Ariakensis and Implications for the Chesapeake Bay written by Katherine Frances Holt and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of Shellfish Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nektonic Use of Intertidal Eastern Oyster Reefs Crassostrea Virginica in South Carolina Estuaries written by Ryan Joyce and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past decade, oysters have been recognized as "ecosystem engineers" that generate important ecological services, including habitat provision for nektonic organisms (e.g., adult finfish, certain crustaceans). Most previous studies investigating this role of intertidal oyster reefs in South Carolina have compared the nektonic assemblages on natural oyster reefs, saltmarshes, mud bottom and subtidal oyster shell habitats using various methods which involve some degree of habitat disturbance. The present study employed a novel, non-destructive sampling method involving the deployment of a drop net around study plots to compare the nektonic assemblages associated with intertidal oyster reefs (natural and enhanced) with those of neighboring soft sediment habitats at three sites in South Carolina. Each site comprised an experimental plot, which contained an oyster reef varying in substrate type (oyster "castles", oyster shell bags, and natural oyster reef) and age (1 to 7 years), and an adjacent control plot without structural complexity. Abundances of nektonic organisms were higher in experimental plots compared to control plots and were correlated to surface seawater temperature at all locations in the experimental plot. Species richness was significantly higher within the experimental plot than within the control plot at two of the three study sites. At the remaining site, the number of species did not differ significantly between treatments. Differences in diversity between treatments across sites may be explained by habitat age.
Download or read book The Effects of Different Fishing Methods on the Mortality of Eastern Oysters Crassostrea Virginica written by Canada. Department of Fisheries and Oceans. Gulf Region. Science Branch and published by Moncton, N.B. : Fisheries and Oceans Canada. This book was released on 1992 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Study of Bacterial Flora in Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica Treat with High Pressure written by Naparat Prapaiwong and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Study of Some Macro faunal Associates of Oysters Crassostrea Virginica Gmelin in an Area of Low Salinity and Artificially Elevated Temperatures written by Philip Ernest Turk and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diseases Parasites of the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica in Chesapeake Bay written by Chris Dungan and published by . This book was released on 2020-11 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication supports the development of oyster aquaculture industries and restored populations of wild oysters in the eastern United States. Both aquaculture and efforts to restore the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, have expanded in recent years, increasing the need for a broader understanding of oyster health. This volume addresses that need by providing detailed information on the histological presentation of diseases and parasites affecting eastern oysters.
Download or read book Nonnative Oysters in the Chesapeake Bay written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-03-09 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonnative Oysters in the Chesapeake Bay discusses the proposed plan to offset the dramatic decline in the bay's native oysters by introducing disease-resistant reproductive Suminoe oysters from Asia. It suggests this move should be delayed until more is known about the environmental risks, even though carefully regulated cultivation of sterile Asian oysters in contained areas could help the local industry and researchers. It is also noted that even though these oysters eat the excess algae caused by pollution, it could take decades before there are enough of them to improve water quality.
Download or read book Shellfish Aquaculture and the Environment written by Sandra E. Shumway and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-15 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shellfish Aquaculture and the Environment focuses primarily on the issues surrounding environmental sustainability of shellfish aquaculture. The chapters in this book provide readers with the most current data available on topics such as resource enhancement and habitat restoration. Shellfish Aquaculture and the Environment is also an invaluable resource for those looking to develop and implement environmental best management practices. Edited one of the world's leading shellfish researchers and with contributions from around the world, Shellfish Aquaculture and the Environment is the definitive source of information for this increasingly important topic. View the Executive Summary here: http://seagrant.uconn.edu/publications/aquaculture/execsumm.pdf
