Download or read book Examining Social Norm Beliefs about Traditional Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes Among U S Sexual Minority College Students written by Darrien Adam James Skinner and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objective: Sexual Minority (SM) young adults, 18 – 24 year olds who identify their sexuality as anything other than heterosexual, are one minority that is well documented to have higher tobacco use rates than heterosexual young adults. However, very little research examines the social norm beliefs associated with smoking cigarettes or vaping electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; commonly referred to as e-cigarettes, JUULs, vape pens, etc.), held by the SM college age population compared to heterosexual peers. The purpose of the present study was to determine if 1) SM young adults have more favorable social norms about cigarette and ENDS use than heterosexual peers and 2) if social norms account for, or potentially mediate, the disparity in cigarette and ENDS use in SM young adults. More accepting injunctive and descriptive social norms were each hypothesized to explain, or mediate, the association between SM identity and subsequent cigarette or ENDS use. Methods: In spring 2018, online surveys were administered via email to college students at seventeen public universities in Texas; 10,213 18-24 year old young adults (M age = 20.4; 64.6% female sex assigned at birth; 48.3% Hispanic, 27.5% non-Hispanic White, 7.2% non- Hispanic Black, 12.7% non-Hispanic Asian, and 4.2% other race/ethnicity) met criteria to be included in this study. Surveys assessed current/past-30 day tobacco use behavior (cigarettes and ENDS), SM identity, injunctive normative perceptions of tobacco use (perceived acceptability of behavior), and descriptive normative perceptions of tobacco use (perceived peer behavior). Path analysis was used to determine if the potential association between SM status and current cigarette or ENDS use is mediated by social norm perceptions (injunctive norms and descriptive norms) about cigarette or ENDS use. Separate models were examined for current cigarette use and for current ENDS use. Results: SM young adults reported higher prevalence of cigarette and ENDS use, and more accepting injunctive norm beliefs about cigarette or ENDS use than their heterosexual peers. There were no differences between the two groups on descriptive norm beliefs. Results from path analyses indicated that only injunctive norm beliefs about cigarette or ENDS use significantly mediated the associations between SM identity and current cigarette or ENDS use, respectively, while controlling for age, sex, race and other tobacco product use. Descriptive norm beliefs were significantly associated with current cigarette or ENDS use, but SM status was not associated with descriptive norm beliefs. Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest that it is important to address tobacco use among the SM young adult population. Tobacco prevention and control initiatives should focus efforts on changing injunctive norm beliefs, or perceived peer acceptability of cigarettes or ENDS, about tobacco use in the community of SM young adults instead of allocating more resources to address descriptive norm beliefs, or prevalence of peer use of cigarettes or ENDS

Download or read book E Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults a Report of the Surgeon General written by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and published by . This book was released on 2019-07-26 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco use among youth and young adults in any form, including e-cigarettes, is not safe. In recent years, e-cigarette use by youth and young adults has increased at an alarming rate. E-cigarettes are now the most commonly used tobacco product among youth in the United States. This timely report highlights the rapidly changing patterns of e-cigarette use among youth and young adults, assesses what we know about the health effects of using these products, and describes strategies that tobacco companies use to recruit our nation's youth and young adults to try and continue using e-cigarettes. The report also outlines interventions that can be adopted to minimize the harm these products cause to our nation's youth.E-cigarettes are tobacco products that deliver nicotine. Nicotine is a highly addictive substance, and many of today's youth who are using e-cigarettes could become tomorrow's cigarette smokers. Nicotine exposure can also harm brain development in ways that may affect the health and mental health of our kids.E-cigarette use among youth and young adults is associated with the use of other tobacco products, including conventional cigarettes. Because most tobacco use is established during adolescence, actions to prevent our nation's young people from the potential of a lifetime of nicotine addiction are critical.E-cigarette companies appear to be using many of the advertising tactics the tobacco industry used to persuade a new generation of young people to use their products. Companies are promoting their products through television and radio advertisements that use celebrities, sexual content, and claims of independence to glamorize these addictive products and make them appealing to young people.

Download or read book Social Media and Vaping written by Caroline Cheyenne Salafia and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of traditional cigarette use in the United States has declined drastically over recent years, with the biggest decrease amount young adults between the ages of 18 and 24 years old (Jamal et al., 2015). However, the use of electronic cigarettes/vaping (e-cigarettes) in college students has grown rapidly (Johnston et al., 2019). E-cigarettes present a series of health risks as they contain nicotine, flavorings, and other strong chemicals such as aerosol (Prudovsky, 2019). College students are a particular demographic of interest as exposure and initiation of substance use often occurs during the college years (Arria et al., 2008). The theoretical background on social learning suggests that an individual's behavior is heavily influenced by others (Bandura, 1977). Social learning variables such as social norms and peer acceptance of use have been associated with alcohol and marijuana use (Akers, 1995; Davis et al., 2019). One mechanism of social learning relates to social media, as previous literature indicates the communication of social norms within online social networks has been associated with offline alcohol consumption behaviors (Litt & Stock, 2011). Social media is associated with substance use, with research indicating that higher levels are associated with heavier alcohol consumption (Brunborg, Andreas, & Kvaavik, 2017; Ohannessian, Vannucci, Flannery, & Khan, 2017). Another influence on college student's substance use behavior relates to motives (social and conformity) for substance use, as they have been shown to predict distinct patterns of consumption and substance use-related problems (Cooper, Russell, Skinner, & Windle, 1992). The present study aimed to examine how social media use is associated with vaping in college students, and how social norms and motives intervene in this relationship. Little research has been done with these variables within the context of vape use. Participants consisted of 104 undergraduate students at Central Connecticut State University in New Britain, CT (Mage = 19.74, SD = 2.35, 70% female). Results indicated that greater social media use was associated with higher levels of vaping. Additionally, perceiving e-cigarettes more favorably and as less harmful than conventional cigarettes was associated with higher levels of vaping. Social norms did not mediate the relationship between social media and vaping, but social norms did mediate the relationship between perceptions towards e-cigarettes and vaping. Social motive moderated the relationship between social media and vaping, where social motive was positively associated with vaping. When social motive was high, the social media-vaping relationship was negative, but when social media was the low, the relationship was positive. Conformity motive did not moderate the relationship between social media and vaping. As electronic cigarette/vape use continues to proliferate among college students, the present study helps to expand our knowledge on predictors of usage and the roles of social norms and motives.

Download or read book Growing Up Tobacco Free written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco use kills more people than any other addiction and we know that addiction starts in childhood and youth. We all agree that youths should not smoke, but how can this be accomplished? What prevention messages will they find compelling? What effect does tobacco advertisingâ€"more than $10 million worth every dayâ€"have on youths? Can we responsibly and effectively restrict their access to tobacco products? These questions and more are addressed in Growing Up Tobacco Free, prepared by the Institute of Medicine to help everyone understand the troubling issues surrounding youths and tobacco use. Growing Up Tobacco Free provides a readable explanation of nicotine's effects and the process of addiction, and documents the search for an effective approach to preventing the use of cigarettes, chewing and spitting tobacco, and snuff by children and youths. It covers the results of recent initiatives to limit young people's access to tobacco and discusses approaches to controls or bans on tobacco sales, price sensitivity among adolescents, and arguments for and against taxation as a prevention strategy for tobacco use. The controversial area of tobacco advertising is thoroughly examined. With clear guidelines for public action, everyone can benefit by reading and acting on the messages in this comprehensive and compelling book.

Download or read book The Impact of Knowledge Attitude and Social Norm Changes on Cigarette Smoking Behavior in the United States written by Patrick Kimuyu and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1.6, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: In the United States cigarette smoking among youth and young adults is a prominent public health issue/concern. On this note, health compromising consequences has prompted many schools of thought and government agencies to set up programs that support smoking cessation in the United States. Cigarette smoking is a health compromising behavior because current statistics in the country show that it has resulted into approximately 443,000 premature deaths amongst youth and adults. Therefore, seminar paper discusses the impact of knowledge, attitude, and social norm changes on cigarette smoking behaviors in the United States.

Download or read book Tobacco Use Among U S Racial Ethnic Minority Groups written by David Satcher and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999-04 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This booklet for schools, medical personnel, and parents contains highlights from the 2012 Surgeon General's report on tobacco use among youth and teens (ages 12 through 17) and young adults (ages 18 through 25). The report details the causes and the consequences of tobacco use among youth and young adults by focusing on the social, environmental, advertising, and marketing influences that encourage youth and young adults to initiate and sustain tobacco use. This is the first time tobacco data on young adults as a discrete population have been explored in detail. The report also highlights successful strategies to prevent young people from using tobacco.

Download or read book An Examination of the Association Between Characteristics and Health Behaviors of Undergraduate Students and Their Use of Electronic Cigarettes written by Toluwalope Adedugbe and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: E-Cigarette use is a behavior that is rapidly being adopted by college students in the US (Saddleson et al., 2015; Sutfin, McCoy, Morrell, Hoeppner, & Wolfson, 2013; Trumbo & Harper, 2013). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conducted an analysis which revealed that certain components of e-cigarettes are carcinogenic and toxic to humans (Vardavas et al., 2012). The purpose of this study is to determine an association between e-cigarette use, demographic characteristics, and health behaviors of undergraduate students and to explore associations between the use of e-cigarettes and other substances of abuse such as traditional cigarettes, marijuana, and alcohol. A secondary analysis of the 2018 SCSU student health survey was conducted. Chi-square analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between e-cigarette use and these variables. Binary logistic regression was further conducted on variables with significant results from the bivariate analysis. Findings revealed that ethnicity, year of study, gender, use of traditional cigarettes, marijuana, and alcohol significantly increased the likelihood of using e-cigarettes. Successful interventions should focus on strengthening e-cigarette regulations and educating students to decrease use and minimize harm. There is a need for continuous research to better understand the overlap of e-cigarette use and other substances of abuse.

Download or read book Lighting Up written by Mimi Nichter and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2015-02-13 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the past 40 years have seen significant declines in adult smoking, this is not the case among young adults, who have the highest prevalence of smoking of all other age groups. At a time when just about everyone knows that smoking is bad for you, why do so many college students smoke? Is it a short lived phase or do they continue throughout the college years? And what happens after college, when they enter the “real world”? Drawing on interviews and focus groups with hundreds of young adults, Lighting Up takes the reader into their everyday lives to explore social smoking. Mimi Nichter argues that we must understand more about the meaning of social and low level smoking to youth, the social contexts that cause them to take up (or not take up) the habit, and the way that smoking plays a large role in students’ social lives. Nichter examines how smoking facilitates social interaction, helps young people express and explore their identity, and serves as a means for communicating emotional states. Most college students who smoked socially were confident that “this was no big deal.” After all, they were “not really smokers” and they would only be smoking for a short time. But, as graduation neared, they expressed ambivalence or reluctance to quit. As many grads today step into an uncertain future, where the prospect of finding a good job in a timely manner is unlikely, their 20s may be a time of great stress and instability. For those who have come to depend on the comfort of cigarettes during college, this array of life stressors may make cutting back or quitting more difficult, despite one’s intentions and understandings of the harms of tobacco. And emerging products on the market, like e-cigarettes, offer an opportunity to move from smoking to vaping. Lighting Up considers how smoking fits into the lives of young adults and how uncertain times may lead to uncertain smoking trajectories that reach into adulthood.

Download or read book Ending the Tobacco Problem written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-10-27 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nation has made tremendous progress in reducing tobacco use during the past 40 years. Despite extensive knowledge about successful interventions, however, approximately one-quarter of American adults still smoke. Tobacco-related illnesses and death place a huge burden on our society. Ending the Tobacco Problem generates a blueprint for the nation in the struggle to reduce tobacco use. The report reviews effective prevention and treatment interventions and considers a set of new tobacco control policies for adoption by federal and state governments. Carefully constructed with two distinct parts, the book first provides background information on the history and nature of tobacco use, developing the context for the policy blueprint proposed in the second half of the report. The report documents the extraordinary growth of tobacco use during the first half of the 20th century as well as its subsequent reversal in the mid-1960s (in the wake of findings from the Surgeon General). It also reviews the addictive properties of nicotine, delving into the factors that make it so difficult for people to quit and examines recent trends in tobacco use. In addition, an overview of the development of governmental and nongovernmental tobacco control efforts is provided. After reviewing the ethical grounding of tobacco control, the second half of the book sets forth to present a blueprint for ending the tobacco problem. The book offers broad-reaching recommendations targeting federal, state, local, nonprofit and for-profit entities. This book also identifies the benefits to society when fully implementing effective tobacco control interventions and policies.

Download or read book Socioecological Aspects of Tobacco Use in College Populations written by Michael D. Sawdey and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Although cigarette smoking is decreasing in the US and among college students, tobacco use remains a major public health problem. Specific socioecological gaps in the literature related to college tobacco use exist including: trends of tobacco use, combinations of polysubstance use, and availability of tobacco products around college campuses. Objectives: The main goal of this research was the understand interrelationships that exist within a socioecological framework of college tobacco use. Specifically, this project aims to: 1) examine trends of tobacco and polytobacco use by gender and associations of polytobacco use and perceived peer tobacco use, 2) examine specific combinations of polysubstance use and how the resulting profiles of use differ by gender, and 3) evaluate tobacco retailer density around college campuses and in neighborhoods of Richmond, VA. Methods: Two chapters of this project use data from the National College Health Assessment II from 2008-2015. The third chapter uses data collected from electronic cigarette brand websites to geospatially examine tobacco retailers in the Richmond Virginia Metropolitan Statistical Area. Various statistical analyses were utilized to complete each project including linear, logistic, and negative binomial regression, latent class and confirmatory factor analysis, and spatial analysis. Results: Trends of some tobacco products among US college students declined while others remained stable from 2008-2015. Nearly 1 in 4 college students used a tobacco product and nearly 1 in 10 were polytobacco users. Alcohol and marijuana use remained stable. Specific classes of polysubstance users were found to exist between males and females, in addition to sociodemographic and institutional associations with polysubstance use by gender. College campuses in the Richmond area were found to have a substantial number of tobacco retailers and retailer density was higher in low socioeconomic status neighborhoods. Conclusions: The findings from the three different studies fill extensive gaps in the literature related to trends of college tobacco use, differences in classes of polyuse by gender, and availability of tobacco around college campuses. Overall, while tobacco use is declining, there are still a substantial proportion of college students who use tobacco and other substances and products appear to be readily available.

Download or read book Progression from E cigarette Use to Conventional Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents in the United States written by Olusegun Obafemi Owotomo and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional cigarette smoking remains a major cause of significant morbidity and mortality in the United States. Although adolescent cigarette smoking rates have declined over the past decades, e-cigarette use is an emerging public health threat that can potentially stall or reverse this decline. Currently, e-cigarette use has become a social norm with its prevalence surpassing that of conventional cigarette smoking among adolescents. Adolescent e-cigarette users are at heightened risk of nicotine addiction and progressing to conventional cigarette smoking. However, factors underlying this progression are yet to be fully elucidated. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior as a conceptual framework, I conducted three studies that aimed to identify factors that potentially underlie progression from e-cigarette use to conventional cigarette smoking among US adolescents. With data obtained from two national surveys on adolescent risk behaviors: Monitoring the Future Survey and Population Assessment on Tobacco and Health, I examined smoking-related perceptions that make adolescent e-cigarette users susceptible to conventional cigarette smoking (Study 1); identified subgroups of adolescent e-cigarette users at most risk of exhibiting smoking intention (Study 2); and investigated how e-cigarette use moderates the transition from smoking intention to conventional cigarette smoking (Study 3). These three studies identify actionable predictors of conventional cigarette smoking among adolescent e-cigarette users and highlight potential foci for smoking prevention efforts. Findings suggest that negative attitudes and norms toward conventional cigarette smoking are major factors underlying progression to smoking among adolescent e-cigarette users. Also, three distinct subgroups of adolescent e-cigarette users were identified with each having particular smoking-related characteristics that determine their intention to smoke conventional cigarettes. Finally, transition from smoking intention to smoking initiation is moderated by e-cigarette use status, with smoking intention predicting smoking initiation only among adolescent never e-cigarette users. Adolescent e-cigarette users are at risk of progressing to smoking initiation whether or not they exhibit smoking intention, an indication that the influence of e-cigarette use on cigarette smoking may potentially override the protective effect of lack of smoking intention. Adolescents least likely to initiate conventional cigarette smoking in the current tobacco landscape do not have smoking intention and are abstaining from e-cigarettes

Download or read book Prevalence of Tobacco Use Among African American College Students written by Michael David Celestin and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examined factors that may protect African-American young adults in college from early onset of cigarette smoking, and factors that may place them at risk for cigarette smoking, using the framework of the Social Cognitive Theory. It was hypothesized that existing regulation of smoking, positive attitude toward academics and school connectedness would be related to low cigarette-smoking rates, while exposure to pro-tobacco promotions would be related to high cigarette smoking rates. A convenience sample of 576 undergraduates at Dillard University of New Orleans completed a Harvard College Alcohol Study survey. Forty six percent (n=269) completed the survey. Ninetyone percent were African American, and 13% of them were ever-smokers. Chi Square analysis was used to test for a statistically significant difference in response rates between ever-smokers and non-smokers. Results indicated no significant differences between respondents for any outcome measures. The Social Cognitive Theory constructs were not supported by the findings. The results of this study do not support any of the hypotheses. The Social Cognitive Theory constructs used to examine the hypotheses are not supported by the findings. Future studies should address the limitations of this research by using a random sampling technique, sampling across all academic classification levels, and assessing the validity and reliability of the Harvard College Alcohol Study survey measures for cigarette smoking.

Download or read book Monitoring the Future National Results on Adolescent Drug Use written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Health of Sexual Minorities written by Ilan H. Meyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-12 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first concise handbook on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) health in the past few years. It breaks the myths, breaks the silence, and breaks new ground on this subject. This resource offers a multidimensional picture of LGBT health across clinical and social disciplines to give readers a full and nuanced understanding of these diverse populations. It contains real-world matters of definition and self-definition, meticulous analyses of stressor and health outcomes, a extensive coverage of research methodology concerns, and critical insights into the sociopolitical context of LGBT individuals’ health and lives.

Download or read book Young Adult E cigarette Exposure written by Monica Page Daniel Dobbs and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objective. The purpose of this study is to examine factors associated with e-cigarette use among college students to better understand their behavior. Using Ajzen's Reasoned Action Approach, this study sought to better understanding the influence of attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral controls (PBCs) on college students' intention to try e-cigarettes (even one puff) in the next 30 days. Methodology. This study employed three phases for a mixed methods design that took place between December 2015 and April 2016. Phase 1 used Middlestadt's salient belief elicitation procedure to capture responses through an open ended survey (n=58). Phase 2, a pilot sample (n=49), was employed to develop and validate a quantitative measure of the underlying RAA constructs, using responses from Phase 1. For Phase 3, a convenience samples (n=499) allowed for the assessment of the measurement models of both the underlying and global constructs of the RAA using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. All samples consisted of University of Arkansas students between the ages of 18 and 26 years of age. Results. Responses from Phase 1 were used to develop a 162 item measure of the underlying constructs that was reduced to 78 items during Phase 2. During Phase 3, the underlying constructs, attitude, injunctive norms, and PBC were found to significantly predict their respective global measure. Global constructs loaded onto the predicted four factors: intent, attitude, social norms and PBC, after removing six items. In the final path model, global constructs attitude (.27, p

Download or read book Examining Levels of Social Support Concealment and Disclosure and Heterosexism as Health Indicators in Sexual Minority Women who Smoke written by De'An Olson Roper and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: .Recent evidence suggests self-identified sexual minority women (SMW) smoke at higher rates than gay men and heterosexual women. A limited amount of research for this disparity points to factors that include tobacco company targeted marketing, genetic differences, gender-based metabolic differences, coping styles such as identity concealment, social support, and stigma related stress. This cross-sectional online study aimed to examine the relationship of social support, concealment and disclosure of sexual identity, experiences of heterosexism and perceived smoking stigma as health indicators in SMW who smoke and those who do not smoke. Recruitment through various social media sites such as Facebook, Reddit, employer organizations and community centers produced 260 (n=260) cisgender SMW who met study criteria. The majority of respondents were white, the average age was 44, with average incomes of $60,000 and most had a college degree. Two-thirds identified as lesbian and one third were bisexual. There were no differences in smoking status and smoking rates between SMW. Smoking prevalence for the sample was 19.2%, and 55% had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime. Of those that smoked, 54% were every day smokers, and 46% smoked some days. Smokers, when compared to non-smokers, reported higher rates of distress on experiences of heterosexism, but showed no difference in social support, and identity concealment and disclosure. Age was associated with both outness and concealment of identity, the intensity of daily heterosexist experiences and smoking stigma regardless of smoking status. Younger SMW experienced higher degrees of distress related to daily heterosexist experiences, but sexual identity was not significant for this variable. This outcome suggests minority stress processes factor into early sexual identity development. The prominence of age as a significant correlation to multiple variables should be noted for future studies of SMW. Recommendations include reducing sexual minority stigma through early prevention efforts targeting structural stigma with health promotion and advocacy efforts. Smoking cessation programs should assess levels of sexual minority stress in participants and tailor cognitive interventions that increase coping skills in stigmatizing environments. Lastly, health educators are urged to design prevention programs targeting young SMW that intervene on multiple levels of the environment. Sexual identity development milestones and the interaction of minority stress processes should inform these efforts.