Download or read book Ex Post Evaluation of Competition Cases written by Assimakis Komninos and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2021-10-13 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Competition authorities use ex post evaluation of enforcement decisions to help determine if an intervention (or non-intervention) has achieved its objectives – and, if not, the reasons it failed to do so – thus allowing for improvement in the design and use of techniques used in the analysis underpinning the decision. In this essential volume, expert contributors use this procedure to provide a neutral and extensive assessment of cases that have significantly shaped European Union (EU) competition law enforcement. With in-depth analysis of foundational cases of EU competition law and the methodologies that have been developed over time to predict how enforcement decisions will affect competition, for each case the authors respond thoroughly to such questions as the following: Did the decision have an impact on the affected market? Did it improve consumer or social welfare? With the benefit of hindsight, were the factual assertions true? Were all the relevant theories of harm (and efficiency justifications) properly investigated? Was the decision able to deter similar anticompetitive behaviour? Did the decision provide clear guidance on which types of conduct should be deemed illegal? Industries covered include information technology (the Microsoft cases), payment cards (the Visa Europe 2010 Commitments Decision), pharmaceuticals, and conditional rebates (Michelin I, Michelin II and BA/Virgin). Also investigated are the role of buyer power in concentration cases and the relative strength of competition law enforcement versus regulation, where appropriate. In its accumulation of evidence from individual cases that have gradually improved our ability to grasp the connections between policy choices and the outcomes they lead to, this matchless volume has no peers. It constitutes an invaluable resource for competition authorities in performing ex post evaluations and will be welcomed by practitioners and academics concerned with European competition law.
Download or read book Ex Post Economic Evaluation of Competition Policy written by Fabienne Ilzkovitz and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2020-05-18 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Competition authorities are increasingly interested in understanding the impact of their activities on markets and consumers. The goal is to improve competition policy rules and decision-making practices and to get robust evidence on the benefits of competition and competition policy for society as a whole. Discussions with competition authorities, practitioners and academics have shown the need to take stock of the experience gained in this field by the European Commission and to present it in an easily accessible way. The studies collected in this volume – prepared by senior Commission officials and competition policy experts – range from the ex post evaluation of specific policy interventions to the assessment of the broader impact of competition policy. The issues and topics examined include the following: objectives and scope of evaluations by the European Commission; description of counterfactual evaluation techniques used; conditions for a successful ex post evaluation of a competition policy intervention; a wide selection of individual cases covering a variety of economic sectors; applications in merger control, antitrust and State aid; direct benefits of competition policy interventions for consumers; deterrent effects of such interventions on market participants; and macroeconomic outcomes in terms of job creation, productivity and GDP growth. This matchless book assembles within a single volume all that is needed for competition policy analysts and practitioners to undertake ex post economic evaluations. While its collection of state-of-the-art ex post evaluation studies has a clear value for competition authorities, it is sure to be welcomed as well by competition law practitioners in the private sector, who will greatly appreciate the effort made to cast a critical eye on decisions taken in the past. Moreover, it allows for addressing some of the new challenges facing competition policymakers. Fabienne Ilzkovitz is Principal Advisor responsible for the economic evaluation of competition policy within the Directorate-General for Competition of the European Commission, and since 2014, she has coordinated various ex post evaluation projects in the Directorate-General. She is also Associate Professor of Economics in the Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management at the Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium. Adriaan Dierx is Senior Expert on ex post economic evaluation within the Directorate-General for Competition of the European Commission. He has managed a number of studies aimed at assessing the economic impact of the European Commission’s competition policy interventions.
Download or read book Ex Post Assessment of the Impact of State Aid on Competition written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this report, Oxera has developed an analytical framework for the ex post assessment of the effect of state aid on competition. This framework is consistent with merger and antitrust assessments but tailored to the specificities of state aid. Although it focuses on ex post impact assessments of state aid, most elements of it can also be used for ex ante evaluation. We apply this framework to four cases where the Commission authorised the granting of aid to individual companies. The case studies were selected in order to cover a diversity of aid objectives, economic sectors and amounts of aid. The four cases selected are: regional aid to an airport in the UK; R&D&I aid to a French substrates manufacturer; SGEI aid to an Italian postal operator; environmental aid to a French starch producer. Following the four case studies, we show that the impact of the aid could vary according to the relative amount of the aid, the breadth of the aid, and frequency of the aid. We also conclude that usual techniques in antitrust and merger assessments can be used in ex post assessments. However, there are some specific challenges regarding market definition, counterfactual analysis, and data availability.
Download or read book Ex post Evaluation of Competition Policy written by Kai Hüschelrath and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EU State Aid Control written by Philipp Werner and published by Kluwer Law International. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction - The Law and Economics of EU State Aid Control /Vincent Verouden and Philipp Werner --Advantage /Giuseppe Conte and James Kavanagh --State Measure /Rein Wesseling and Marieke Bredenoord-Spoek --Selectivity /Michael Honoré --Distortion of Competition and Effect on Trade /Jacques Derenne and Vincent Verouden --Compatibility of Aid - General Introduction /Leigh Hancher and Phedon Nicolaides --General Block Exemption Regulation /Koert van Buiren and Alexander Rose --Ex Post Evaluation of Aid /Xavier Boutin and Inkalotta Nuotio-Osazee --Research, Development and Innovation Aid /Pascal Belmin and Hans Zenger --Regional Aid /Hans W. Friederiszick and Massimo Merola --Risk Finance Aid /Isabel Taylor and Albert Bravo-Biosca --Rescue and Restructuring Aid /Ulrich Soltész and Bruce Lyons --Services of General Economic Interest /Philipp Werner and Vincent Verouden --Infrastructure Aid /Penelope Papandropoulos and Elisabetta Righini --State Aid in the Broadband Sector /Hein Hobbelen and Oliver Stehmann --State Aid in the Postal Services Sector /Alessandra Fratini and Khaled Diaw --Transport Aid /Udo Woll and Andrew Meaney --Energy and Environmental Aid /Kai Struckmann and Geza Sapi --Aid to Broadcasting, Culture and Sport /Christine Gerlach and Dimitrios Pikios --Aid in the Banking Sector /Stan Maes and Stephen Mavroghenis --State Aid and Privatisation /Andreas von Bonin and Elisabeth Häringer.
Download or read book Cases in European Competition Policy written by Bruce Lyons and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-27 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Competition between firms is usually the most effective way of delivering economic efficiency and what consumers want. However, there is a balance to be struck. Firms must not be over-regulated and so hampered in their development of innovative products and new strategies to compete for customers. Nor must they be completely free to satisfy a natural preference for monopoly, which would give them higher profits and a quieter life. The economic role of competition policy (control of anticompetitive agreements, mergers and abusive practices) is to maintain this balance, and an effective policy requires a nuanced understanding of the economics of industrial organization. Cases in European Competition Policy demonstrates how economics is used (and sometimes abused) in competition cases in practical competition policy across Europe. Each chapter summarizes a real case investigated by the European Commission or a national authority, and provides a critique of key aspects of the economic analysis.
Download or read book Competition Innovation and Growth in Japan written by Yuji Honjo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-11 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses three important concepts in the economy—competition, innovation, and growth—using various cases and available data in Japan and other countries. First, the authors discuss competition, including global competition, to provide a better understanding of competition policy in Japan. Then, the authors examine the effects of human capital and alliance on innovation while providing new innovation indicators. Moreover, the authors examine growth from the perspective of corporate strategy such as acquisition, including international comparison. The interplay of competition, innovation, and growth has been prevalent in Japan, and it still acts as a catalyst for stimulating the stagnant economy. A better understanding of competition, innovation, and growth provides the tools to reinvigorate the stagnant economy in Japan and to reinforce the economy in other countries where the period of rapid growth has ended.
Download or read book Gender Inclusive Competition Toolkit written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2023-09-07 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What has competition got to do with gender? Competition authorities play a crucial role in shaping fair and thriving markets. However, the connection between competition and gender is often overlooked.
Download or read book Law and Economics in Japanese Competition Policy written by Koki Arai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates how economics is used in cases of competition in Japan. Competition between firms is usually the most effective way of allocating economic resources and achieving consumer and producer welfare. At the same time, a balance must be struck; firms must not be over-regulated, but neither must they be completely free to create a monopoly or oligopoly. Therefore, the role of competition policy is to maintain a balance by using the collaborative economics of industrial organization. The book uses economic analysis to evaluate case studies on Japanese anti-monopoly law, the Act Concerning Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade (AMA), and enforcement in e.g. cartel cases, private monopolization cases, and merger cases. The Japan Fair Trade Commission implements a competition policy, primarily through the enforcement of the AMA, which promotes ingenuity and innovation in business by guaranteeing and enhancing fair and free competition, thereby ensuring economic vitality and consumer benefit. This book is the first authoritative and compact work on competition policy in Japan, which has a more-than-70-year history and is based on solid legal principles. In addition, the book seeks to promote law enforcement based on economic analysis, and includes studies describing the enforcement mechanisms used. It provides comprehensive yet concise information on the structure of the AMA, recent cases, and economic analysis. It also explains the circumstances regarding recent cases and analyzes how the economic policy has been applied to actual cases.
Download or read book Economics for Competition Lawyers written by Gunnar Niels and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2011-04-07 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economics for Competition Lawyers provides a comprehensive explanation of the economic principles most relevant for competition law. Written specifically for competition lawyers, it uses real-world examples, is non-technical, and explains the key points from first principles.
Download or read book Competition Law in Latin America written by Julián Peña and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2022-06-06 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past few years, Latin American countries have taken giant steps to reposition their competition authorities in the global antitrust arena, granting them much greater autonomy both domestically and internationally. This is an updated edition of the first book that offered an in-depth analysis of this complex scenario. The first part of the book includes more general chapters written by leading experts on a variety of relevant topics analyzed at a regional level such as the issues emerging with the digital economy and on the special field of the information and communications technology industry, as well as chapters on broad regional trends, on the working of competition law in countries with regulated markets and in the cluster of Central American countries, among others. At the heart of the presentation are nine chapters detailing the competition regimes of the most active national jurisdictions in the region—Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. Written by practicing experts with considerable hands-on experience in their respective countries, each of these chapters provides a comprehensive description and explanation of the evolution, current state, and prospects for antitrust in the country. Topics addressed in the country analysis encompass the following and more: relevant institutions and legislation; cartel investigations; unilateral conduct policies; merger review; international coordination; enforcement; and remedies. Each chapter includes an analysis of relevant case law, allowing the reader to gauge the positions, views, and tendencies of each competition law regime. The contributors also pay attention to the specificities and idiosyncrasies that are so important for a correct understanding of the practical realities of competition policy and enforcement. With its wide-ranging and in-depth approach, this book provides an incomparable analysis of a challenging region poised to become increasingly important in the international recognition and enforcement of antitrust law. It is in this sense an essential guide for lawyers, economists, corporations, academics, and government officials interested in understanding where competition law is, and where it is going to, in Latin America.
Download or read book Platform Power and Policy in Transforming Television Markets written by Tom Evens and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-04 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks to investigate ‘platform power’ in the multi-platform era and unravels the evolution of power structures in the TV industry as a result of platformisation. Multiple TV platforms and modes of distribution are competing–not necessarily in a zero-sum game–to control the market. In the volume, the contributors work to extend established ‘platform theory’ to the TV industry, which has become increasingly organised as a platform economy. The book helps to understand how platform power arises in the industry, how it destabilises international relations, and how it is used in the global media value chain. Platform Power and Policy in Transforming Television Markets contributes to the growing field of media industry studies, and draws on scholarly work in communication, political economy and public policy whilst providing a deeper insight into the transformation of the TV industry from an economic, political and consumer level. Avoiding a merely legal analysis from a technology-driven perspective, the book provides a critical analysis of the dominant modes of power within the evolving structures of the global TV value chain.
Download or read book Competition Law in Times of Crisis written by Conor Talbot and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2018-12-11 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the role and utility of competition law within the EU’s legislative and regulatory dialogue, using its response to crisis conditions as a test of its aims and abilities. As such, its main conclusion is that competition policy acts as a forum for debate as to the direction of the European integration project, while competition law can serve as a tool for aiding in the implementation of broader policy objectives. The analysis here explores the role of the general economic context in the application of competition law, the existence of identifiable baselines applicable in crisis conditions, the ability and role of national competition authorities in applying competition law, and the ways in which the European Commission’s overarching policy goals can influence the application of competition law. The decision to take an empirical approach to this research project stems from a conviction that an investigation into the real world situations faced by firms and consumers should underpin the evaluation of the applicable legal rules. Over the past number of years, the Commission has exerted more and more influence over the development of the regional and global airline industry, and this book identifies the emergence of an apparent overarching aim on the part of the Commission to create a market with a handful of ultra-competitive airlines with international reach serviced by an array of smaller feeder airlines on a regional basis. The study of Irish beef processing, on the other hand, identifies a high level of government involvement in providing the strategic thinking behind a crisis cartel scheme, and then demonstrates how the economic context exerted considerably more pressure on the government and the national court than on the competition authorities involved.
Download or read book Remedies in EU Competition Law written by Damien Gerard and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By their nature, remedies are central to competition law enforcement and represent the yardstick against which the efficiency of the overall system can be measured. Yet very rarely have remedies been treated in a horizontal and comprehensive manner from the combined perspectives of substance, process and policy. The present volume, developed in partnership with the College of Europe’s Global Competition Law Centre (GCLC), provides coherent, practical, and authoritative commentaries by leading experts from the GCLC’s incomparable network. The contributions – originally presented at the 2019 GCLC annual conference – examine remedies to assess the overall effectiveness of competition law enforcement in merger, antitrust and State aid matters. The overall topic is presented under five headings: objectives and limitations of remedies; types of remedies in competition law enforcement; implementation and process; ex post assessment of remedies and policy lessons; and national and international approaches. The high-profile and wide-ranging group of authors includes the Director-General of the European Commission’s competition department, lawyers from major international firms, and well-known economists and academics specialising in competition law. With a sharp focus on how to make competition rules work well in today’s digital environment, this systematic and coherent analysis illuminates an issue that we need to fully grasp and understand in order to make sense of competition policy, law and enforcement in the years and decades to come.
Download or read book Better Regulation in Europe Austria 2010 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2010-09-15 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for Austria, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future.
Download or read book European State Aid Law and Policy and UK Subsidy Control written by Conor Quigley and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2022-12-15 with total page 1123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth edition of Conor Quigley's highly acclaimed book provides lawyers, regulators and public officials with a definitive statement of the law and practice of State Aid. The book places State Aid law and policy in its economic, commercial and industrial context, exploring the concept of State Aid and its function as a tool of EU law. All of this is achieved by a thorough examination of the jurisprudence of the European Courts and the decisions, legislation and guidelines of the Commission in declaring aid compatible or incompatible with the internal market. The fourth edition includes new chapters on: - COVID-19 and Ukraine emergency measures - Brexit - EU foreign subsidy regulation - UK Subsidies Control and updated guidelines and block exemption regulations on: - Regional aid - R&D&I - Environmental protection and climate change
