Download or read book Evaluation of Two Corrosion Inhibitors Using Two Surface Application Methods for Reinforced Concrete Structures written by Stephen R. Sharp and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigated the use of penetrating corrosion inhibitors to extend the life of existing reinforced concrete bridge decks. The use of assisted (vacuum/pressure injection) and unassisted (diffusion) treatment methods and two inhibitors were evaluated. The inhibitors were FerroGard 903, from Sika Corp., and TPS-II, from Surtreat International. Testing was performed on exposure slabs with 15 lb/yd3 of NaCl in the top layer and no NaCl in the bottom layer. The slab design was a variation of the specimen design provided in ASTM G109, with each slab containing nine steel reinforcing rods instead of three. The exposure slabs had either a uniform cover over the top pieces of steel or an inclined cover over the steel. TPS-II was also evaluated on the deck of a bridge in Orange County, Virginia. The study found that when applied to the concrete surface, neither inhibitor penetrated the concrete to reach the steel reinforcement. The vacuum/pressure injection method showed promise but requires refinement. In addition, based on macro-cell measurements, a sufficient quantity of inhibitor can be injected into the concrete to reduce the charge passed.
Download or read book Evaluation of Select Methods of Corrosion Control Corrosion Prevention and Repair in Reinforced Concrete Bridges written by Habib Tabatabai and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibitors in Chloride contaminated Reinforced Concrete written by Roumiana Hristova and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report describes research to determine the effectiveness of commercial corrosion-inhibiting admixtures on the corrosion of reinforcing steel in chloride contaminated concrete. Domestic and foreign publications were reviewed to locate performance data and current practices related to the use, testing and evaluation of corrosion inhibiting admixtures. The study consisted of identification and evaluation of the currently used corrosion-inhibiting admixtures in the United States and other countries. A list of available corrosion-inhibiting admixtures were appraised. Consideration was given to performance predictability, practicality, cost, and other pertinent factors. Five-year old "lollipop" concrete speciments containing sodium nitrite and dinitrobenzoic acid as corrosion inhibitors, and comparison with control specimens were studied using linear polarization and impedance spectroscopy. All mixes had different amounts of calcium chloride added. An equivalent circuit model considering the physical characteristics of the rebar/concrete interface was used to simulate the impedance spectra. The RC parameters obtained from the impedance simulation, including maximum phase angle shift, surface impedance and capacitive responses, were utilized to characterize the surface corrosion of embedded steel and to evaluate the effect of inhibitors with chloride content. The corrosion current densities determined by impedance measurement were compared with those determined using linear polarization and good agreement between the two methods was obtained.
Download or read book Corrosion of Steel in Concrete written by Luca Bertolini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-26 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Steel-reinforced concrete is used ubiquitously as a building material due to its unique combination of the high compressive strength of concrete and the high tensile strength of steel. Therefore, reinforced concrete is an ideal composite material that is used for a wide range of applications in structural engineering such as buildings, bridges, tunnels, harbor quays, foundations, tanks and pipes. To ensure durability of these structures, however, measures must be taken to prevent, diagnose and, if necessary, repair damage to the material especially due to corrosion of the steel reinforcement. The book examines the different aspects of corrosion of steel in concrete, starting from basic and essential mechanisms of the phenomenon, moving up to practical consequences for designers, contractors and owners both for new and existing reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. It covers general aspects of corrosion and protection of reinforcement, forms of attack in the presence of carbonation and chlorides, problems of hydrogen embrittlement as well as techniques of diagnosis, monitoring and repair. This second edition updates the contents with recent findings on the different topics considered and bibliographic references, with particular attention to recent European standards. This book is a self-contained treatment for civil and construction engineers, material scientists, advanced students and architects concerned with the design and maintenance of reinforced concrete structures. Readers will benefit from the knowledge, tools, and methods needed to understand corrosion in reinforced concrete and how to prevent it or keep it within acceptable limits.
Download or read book Concrete Solutions 2011 written by Michael Grantham and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-09-08 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Concrete Solutions series of International Conferences on Concrete Repair began in 2003, with a conference held in St. Malo, France in association with INSA Rennes, followed by the second conference in 2006 ( with INSA again, at St. Malo, France), and the third conference in 2009 (in Padova and Venice, in association with the University of Padova). Now in 2011, the event is being held in Dresden in Germany and has brought together some 112 papers from 33 countries. Whereas electrochemical repair tended to dominate the papers in earlier years, new developments in structural strengthening with composites have been an increasingly important topic, with a quarter of the papers now focusing on this area. New techniques involving Near Surface Mounted (NSM) carbon fibre rods, strain hardening composites, and new techniques involving the well established carbon fibre and polyimide wrapping and strengthening systems are presented. Seventeen papers concentrate on case studies which are all-important in such conferences, to learn about what works (and what doesn’t work) on real structures. Thirteen papers are devoted to new developments in Non-Destructive Testing (NDT). Other topics include service life modelling, fire damage, surface protection methods and coatings, patch repair, general repair techniques and whole life costing. This book is essential reading for anyone engaged in the concrete repair field, from engineers, to academics and students and also to clients, who, as the end user, are ultimately responsible for funding these projects and making those difficult decisions about which system or method to use.
Download or read book Corrosion Inhibitors for Steel in Concrete written by Bernhard Elsener and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of inhibitors for rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures is a new field of application and this new volume provides a State of the Art Report on this subject. Corrosion of steel in concrete is one of the major problems for infrastructure such as bridges, tunnels, housing etc. since it leads to spalling of the concrete and loss in cross section of the steel that may cause structural and safety problems. The steel in concrete generally resists corrosion as a result of a passive layer that develops on the metal surface in the alkaline environment of the concrete. Corrosion can occur if these conditions are disturbed, for example, in the presence of chlorides or with carbonation of concrete. Traditional repair methods consist in removing the deteriorated concrete and replacing it but these can be laborious, noisy and very costly. To avoid these disadvantages new methods have been developed in recent years. These include electrochemical procedures and, increasingly, the use of inhibitors. The use of inhibitors for rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures is a new field of application and this new volume provides a State of the Art Report on this subject.The report, under the editorship of Prof. Bernhard Elsener, was prepared by a Task Group of the EFC Working Party on Corrosion of Reinforcement in Concrete. In a literature review it describes inorganic and organic chemicals that have been proposed and examined as well as the commercial corrosion inhibitors that are available on the market. Protection mechanism and possible effects of inhibitors on concrete properties are described. Practical experience with inhibitors for steel in concrete and the long term effectiveness are considered. The various test methods for evaluating the behaviour of the inhibitors are described and critically assessed. In a rapidly evolving field this State of the Art Report, based mainly on independent not commercial literature, will be of value to corrosion engineers and civil engineers concerned with maintenance and repair of reinforced concrete structures.
Download or read book Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement Embedded in Concrete written by Mark Allyn and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement Embedded in Concrete written by Paul David Goodwin and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Performance Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibitors and Galvanized Steel in Concrete Exposure Specimens written by Jerzy Zemajtis and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion inhibitor admixtures (CIA) and galvanized reinforcing steel (GS) are used for the corrosion protection for reinforced concrete bridges. The results of a 3.5-year evaluation of exposure specimens containing CIA from three different manufacturers and GS are presented. The specimens were built to simulate four exposure conditions typical for concrete bridges located in the coastal region or inland where deicing salts are used. The exposure conditions were Horizontal, Vertical, Tidal, and Immersed Zones. The specimens were kept inside the laboratory and were exposed to weekly ponding cycles of 6% sodium chloride solution by weight. The methods used to assess the condition of the specimens included chloride concentration measurements, corrosion potentials, and corrosion rates. Additionally, visual observations were performed for identification of rust stains and cracking on concrete surfaces. The results of chloride testing indicate that the amount of chlorides present at the bar level is more than sufficient to initiate corrosion. Chloride and rapid permeability data indicate no significant difference either in a rate of chloride ingress or in the diffusion coefficients for concretes with and without CIA. Corrosion potentials were the most negative for the Bare Steel (BS) specimen prepared with the Armatec 2000 corrosion inhibitor and generally indicated a 90% probability of active corrosion. Corrosion potentials were similar for the two BS control specimens and the BS specimen prepared with Rheocrete 222 and generally indicated an uncertain probability of corrosion. Corrosion potentials were the least negative for the BS specimen prepared with DCI-S corrosion inhibitor and generally indicated a 90% probability of no corrosion. Rate of corrosion measurements were the highest for the BS control specimens and the one prepared with A2000 and the most recent data suggest corrosion damage in 2 to 10 years. Although early rate of corrosion measurements were higher or about the same as for BS control specimens, recent measurements were slightly lower for the specimen prepared with Rheocrete 222 and suggest corrosion damage in 10 to 15 years. Rate of corrosion measurements were consistently the lowest for the BS specimens prepared with DCI-S and indicate corrosion damage is expected in 10 to 15 years. The corrosion potential and rate of corrosion data indicate that DCI-S is the only CIA evaluated that clearly provides some level of corrosion protection. A direct comparison of the GS specimens to the BS specimens is not possible because the measured potential refers to the zinc oxide and not to the steel. Nevertheless, the potential data agree with the chloride and permeability data, as well as with the visual observations, and indicate the damaging effect of a high concentration of chloride ions on the GS. At low and moderate chloride exposures, however, GS does provide corrosion protection. Recommendations are to continue monitoring until sufficient cracking has occurred in all specimens to provide for making a better estimate of the service lives of CIA and GS used in the construction of concrete bridge components in Virginia. The specimens with CIA and one control (continuous reinforcement in the legs) should be taken to the Hampton Road North Tunnel Island and placed in the brackish water to a depth of the Immersed Zone at low tide for further exposure to chloride. The specimens with GS and the other control (non-continuous reinforcement in the legs) should remain in an outdoor exposure in Southwest Virginia like the Civil Engineering Materials Research Laboratory in Blacksburg, Virginia.
Download or read book Long term Performance of Corrosion Inhibitors Used in Repair of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Components written by Moavin Islam and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary objective of the project was to determine the effectiveness of cathodic protection, electrochemical chloride extraction, and corrosion-inhibitor treatment systems installed during the SHRP effort through the long-term evaluation of 32 field test sites and a number of laboratory concrete slab specimens. The FHWA program required monitoring the long-term performance of corrosion inhibitor treatments on selected components of four bridges that were treated and evaluated under SHRP C-103. Three evaluations over a period of 5 years were conducted on structures located in Minnesota, New York and Pennsylvania, and two evaluations were conducted on a structure in Washington State. An analysis of the results concluded that neither of the corrosion inhibitors evaluated in this study, using the specified repairs and exposed to the specific environments, provided any corrosion-inhibiting benefit. Shrinkage cracking plagued repairs at all test sites except for the Washington site.
Download or read book Corrosion Inhibitors Principles and Recent Applications written by Mahmood Aliofkhazraei and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-04-04 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To protect metals or alloys from corrosion, some methods can be used such as isolating the structure from the aggressive media or compensating the loss of electrons from the corroded structure. The use of corrosion inhibitors may include organic and inorganic compounds that adsorb on the metallic structure to isolate it from its surrounding media to decrease oxidation-reduction processes. This book collects new developments about corrosion inhibitors and their recent applications.
Download or read book Durability Advances for Reinforced Concrete Structures in Chloride Environments written by Yu Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Surface Applied Corrosion Inhibitors for Concrete Bridges written by Anna Kaye Cook and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: Prevention of Corrosion in Concrete, Corrosion of Metal in Reinforced Concrete, Reinforced Concrete, Structural Engineering, Civil Engineering.
Download or read book Nondestructive Evaluation of Epoxy coated Reinforcing Bars in Concrete Using Bi electrode Half cell Potential Techniques written by Stephen R. Sharp and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluated two half-cell mapping methods for nondestructive evaluation of epoxy-coated rebar (ECR) in concrete: the semi-fixed bi-electrode and the moving bi-electrode methods. These methods were expected to provide early detection of corrosion-related damage and ensure adequate time for repair. The techniques were evaluated by comparing the half-cell measurements using the two half-cell mapping techniques and measurements using the standard half-cell technique. The study found that in concrete specimens the response of both bi-electrode techniques was similar to that of the standard half-cell technique. Each technique was sensitive enough to distinguish between ponded and unponded regions along the Type I test beams. Although additional research is required to determine exactly how sensitive either bi-electrode technique is for assessing corrosion of ECR in concrete, it is clear that the use of any nondestructive tool for condition surveys of bridge decks would benefit VDOT and Virginia. The author recommends that the Type I test beams used in this study continue to be ponded until corrosion is initiated to aid in understanding the benefit of using the two bi-electrode methods during the various stages of corrosion. In addition, the Virginia Department of Transportation's Structure & Bridge Division should identify two structures that are beginning to show signs of corrosion, one bridge with ECR and the other with bare bar, to be used in a field study to determine if either bi-electrode method would benefit VDOT as a condition survey tool.
Download or read book Evaluation of Corrosion Protection Methods for Reinforced Concrete Highway Structures written by Jennifer L. Kepler and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1970s, research projects and field studies have been conducted on different methods for protecting reinforced concrete bridges from corrosion damage. The methods include alternative reinforcement and slab design, barrier methods, electrochemical methods, and corrosion inhibitors. Each method and its underlying principles are described, performance results of laboratory and/or field trials are reviewed, and systems are evaluated based on the results of the trials. Using performance results from the studies and costs obtained from transportation agencies, an economic analysis is used to estimate the cost of each system over a 75-year economic life using discount rates of 2%, 4% and 6%.
Download or read book Corrosion of Reinforcement in Concrete EFC 25 written by J. Mietz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-08-13 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book compiles the full papers presented in the successful session "Corrosion of Steel in Concrete" at EUROCORR '97. It highlights the areas of technical development in this field, including monitoring of steel reinforcement corrosion, prevention of corrosion and electrochemical repair methods.
Download or read book New Challenges and Industrial Applications for Corrosion Prevention and Control written by El Kacimi, Younes and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-06-12 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metals are used at an extremely high rate in the industrial and manufacturing fields. Exemplary properties including strength and ductility have made this material highly dynamic; however, the risk of corrosion remains a vital issue. The study of corrosion prevention has attracted interest from researchers and professionals as new technologies are emerging that can assist in the prevention of material destruction. However, research is lacking on the application of these protective technologies within specific fields. New Challenges and Industrial Applications for Corrosion Prevention and Control provides emerging research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of protective methods against corrosion and the implementation of these techniques within a wide span of professional disciplines. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as molecular modeling, surface treatments, and biomaterials, this book is ideally designed for engineers, industrial chemists, material scientists, researchers, engineers, academicians, practitioners, and students seeking current research on the technological advancements in corrosion protection in various professional scopes.
