Download or read book Evaluation of Rumble Strips written by Kurt A. Franke and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rumble strips have been used for a number of years at locations where a physical stimulus was needed to alert a motorist to some hazard. However, little study has been done to determine the optimum spacings for the strips. Through testing existing Virginia rumble strip installations and various spacings at a test location, a basis was established for the spacings. The study revealed the following: (1) A spacing of 2' (0.61 m) or less created a large amount of wheel hop and/or did not allow the tires to descend between the rumble strips, both of which are undesirable. (2) A 10' (3.05 m) was found to be the best for a stopping situation such as at an intersection. (3) A 5' (1.52 m) spacing was best for use on the shoulders of roadways. (4) Strips should be no higher or lower than 1/2" (12.7 mm).
Download or read book Long term Pavement Marking Practices written by James Migletz and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2002 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 306: Long-Term Pavement Marking Practices documents the current and best practices for managing pavement marking systems, identifies future needs, and addresses driver needs and methods of communicating information to drivers, selection criteria (e.g., reflectivity, pavement service life, wet weather performance), materials (e.g., color, durability, cost), specifications, construction practices, inventory management systems, and more.
Download or read book Evaluation of Experimental Rumble Strips written by Alfred F. Moore and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Milled in Rumble Strips Rolled in Rumble Strips and Audible Edge Stripe written by Troy Bucko and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guidance for the Design and Application of Shoulder and Centerline Rumble Strips written by Darren J. Torbic and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2009 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides guidance for the design and application of shoulder and centerline rumble strips as an effective crash reduction measure, while minimizing adverse effects for motorcyclists, bicyclists, and nearby residents. Using the results of previous studies and the research conducted under this project, safety effectiveness estimates were developed for shoulder rumble strips on rural freeways and rural two-lane roads and for centerline rumble strips on rural and urban two-lane roads.
Download or read book Evaluation of Non freeway Rumble Strips Phase II written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MDOT's rumble strip program for two-lane high speed rural highways was initiated in 2008 and continued through 2010. This program included implementation of centerline rumble strips (CLRS) on nearly 5,400 miles of two-lane high speed roads that MDOT maintains. This program presented an opportunity to perform a comprehensive evaluation of safety performance of rumble strips, especially CLRS. A two-phase evaluation study of the program was launched to estimate the driver behavioral and performance improvement in the presence of CLRS on two-lane high speed highways and also perform a system-wide "Before" and "After" study of target traffic crashes. The driver behavior-related study and collection of the three years' "Before" crash data and analysis was performed in Phase I (OR09084A) and the Phase II study was performed to collect the three years of "After" crash data, a program evaluation study, and benefit-cost analysis. The crash analysis indicated statistically significant reductions in all target crashes including, head-on, sideswipe opposite and run-off-the-road left. The study of crashes and their severity resulted in the reduction in fatal and all categories of injury crashes including a 47% reduction in total target crashes and a 51% reduction in target fatal crashes. An economic analysis of the rumble strip program resulted in a benefit-cost ratio of the program to be in the range of 58:1 to 18:1 based on discount rate assumptions of 2% and 10%, respectively. A road user survey indicated strong agreement among the respondents that CLRS is a beneficial safety improvement program.
Download or read book Safety Evaluation of Centerline Rumble Strips written by David A. Noyce and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Rumble Strips written by Kenneth R. Agent and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rectangular Rumble Strip Safety Evaluation written by Richard Storm and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This evaluation determined the change in crash frequency, type or severity associated with longitudinal rectangular rumble strips on rural two-lane undivided and rural four-lane divided Minnesota roadways constructed between 2012 and 2018. Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) were estimated using cross-sectional analysis to compare crash experience of locations with (i.e., centerline only, centerline + shoulder, or shoulder only) and without rectangular rumble strips. The cross-sectional analysis matched sites with and without rumble strips using matched-pair comparisons. Negative Binomial (NB) or Poisson log-linear regression models were used to model the crashes at all treatment and non-treatment sites. There was a total of approximately 1,200 miles of treated (i.e., centerline only, centerline + shoulder, or shoulder only) and untreated sites on rural two-lane roads and approximately 35 miles of treated (i.e., shoulder rumble strips) and untreated sites on rural four-lane divided roads. On rural two-lane undivided roads, the CMF for centerline + shoulder rumble strips was 0.73 for all crashes; shoulder only rumble strips had a CMF of 0.68 for all crashes. For single vehicle run-off-the-road crashes on rural two-lane highways, the CMF for rumble strips on the centerline + shoulder was 0.68; the CMF for shoulder only rumble strips was 0.76. The CMF for head-on, or opposite direction sideswipe crashes on rural two-lane roads with centerline and shoulder rumble strips was 0.64. On rural four-lane divided roads, the CMF for shoulder rumble strips for all crashes was 0.66 and 0.40 for single vehicle run-off-the-road crashes.
Download or read book Centerline Rumble Strips written by Eugene Russell and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2005 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 339: Centerline Rumble Strips (CLRS) examines current design, installation, configuration, dimension, and visibility issues associated with CLRS. The report addresses the need for guidance on warrants, benefits, successful practices, and concerns such as external noise and the reduced visibility of centerline striping material. Also addressed are pavement deterioration, ice buildup in the grooves, adverse impact on emergency vehicles, and the effect of CLRS on bicyclists. Particular attention was paid to available before-and-after CLRS installation crash data to document the safety aspects of CLRS and the availability of policies, guidelines, warrants, and costs regarding their use and design.
Download or read book Policy Considerations and Evaluation of the Safety Effectiveness of Rumble Strips in Wyoming written by Mirza Ahammad Sharif and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rumble strips/stripes are used by many states as a relatively low cost proven safety countermeasure to reduce or prevent lane departure crashes by providing a vibrotactile and audible warning to inattentive motorists. Although the advantages of rumble strips are generally found to outweigh the disadvantages, several issues and concerns have been identified regarding the implementation of rumble strips. The main goal of this study is to develop an effective policy of shoulder and centerline rumble strips/stripes in the State of Wyoming to enhance motor vehicle safety while accommodating all road users to the highest practical extent. Surveys were conducted to assess road users' concerns about rumble strips. Moreover, several issues regarding the use of rumble strips/stripes including: construction, maintenance, and noise are discussed. With the help of WYDOT, information regarding the state of practice of rumble strips/stripes in the U.S. was collected. Information was obtained through a review of the literature, online survey, and email communication with States DOTs. Thirty states responded to the online survey. Only four agencies have fully adhered to the NCHRP guidelines; Idaho, Mississippi, Nevada, and New Mexico. Fifteen agencies indicated that they are using the guidelines provided by NCHRP with some modifications to suit the needs of their region. Seven agencies are using their own guidelines; Alabama, Kentucky, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. Among the agencies which took the survey, only Oklahoma responded that they do not have a written policy for rumble strips. Based on the DOTs guidelines identified recently from the literature and survey responses, thirty state agencies have already made provisions to accommodate bicyclists. Only three agencies responded that they do not have any provisions for bicyclists while the remaining eighteen state agencies indicated that they do not have adequate information to address this issue. The rest of the survey results showed that many DOTs are still updating their rumble strip policies. DOTs which had already been using their own guidelines are now moving forward to accommodate the non-conventional vehicles and nearby residents. About 72 percent of the states are following the NCHRP Report 641 guideline, either strictly or with some modifications. Application criteria and maintenance practices vary by state. Shoulder rumble strips are more widely used than centerline rumble strips or shoulder rumble stripes. Rumble strips are installed mostly on rural roadways since they possess fewer constraints on installation criteria. All of the 30 states which responded to the survey are using SRS and among them 27 states are using CLRS. The use of the combination of SRS and CLRS is not adopted by all the states, only 55 percent of the states are using both types in combination. Although the NCHRP 641 issued guidance on how state agencies can balance the increase in rumble strips implementation while accommodating all roadway users, 16 percent of state DOTs have indicated that their policies do not have any provisions for bicyclists when installing rumble strips, whereas, 42 percent of the DOTs do not consider noise when installing rumble strips. Most of the DOTs commented that they try to avoid installing rumble strips in urban areas to prevent noise. From the survey responses, information gathered in earlier surveys, and from synthesis documents; it was found that 36 states made provisions to accommodate bicyclists; while only 3 states; Idaho, Maine, and Florida attempted to accommodate motorcyclists. Maine DOT provides skip pattern on centerline rumble strips in rumble strips to facilitate motorcycle lane changes. Idaho DOT uses centerline rumble strips only in no-passing zones. The governing criteria ranked by DOTs when a roadway is considered for installing rumble strips are in the following order; area type (urban vs. rural), guardrail, pavement type, pavement thickness, bicycle traffic, motorcyclists, noise, nearby residents. An Expert System has been developed to provide an interactive easy way to navigate through rumble strips/stripes practices and guidelines in the U.S. It is recommended that the information compiled in the 'Expert System' should be fully utilized when adopting a new policy. It is also recommended that other DOTs implement or upgrade their rumble strips policies may utilize recent information presented in this study. Nine rural two-lane segments of 121.6 miles were identified for safety effectiveness analysis and to calibrate Crash Modification Factors (CMF) for rumble strips in Wyoming. Three years of crash and traffic data in the before and after were used to conduct a Naïve before-after analysis. The results showed significant effect of shoulder rumble strips on reducing target crashes and total crashes. Total crashes reduced by 40%. Additionally, Fatal and Injury (F+I) crashes, and Single Vehicle Run-Off-Road (SVROR) crashes reduced by 44% and 39%, respectively.
Download or read book NCHRP Report 641 written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Rumble Strips written by Virginia. Department of Highways and Transportation and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Expecting Adam written by Martha Beck and published by Harmony. This book was released on 2011-08-02 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • A candid and moving memoir of how one woman’s pregnancy forced her to confront her definition of how to live a successful life “Slyly ironic, frequently hilarious, [Martha] Beck’s memoir charts the journey from being smart to becoming wise.”—Time This edition includes a new afterword about Adam. From the moment Martha and her husband, John, accidentally conceived their second child, all hell broke loose. They were a couple obsessed with success. After years of matching IQs and test scores with less driven peers, they had two Harvard degrees apiece and were gunning for more. They’d plotted out a future in the most vaunted ivory tower of academe. But when their unborn son, Adam, was diagnosed with Down syndrome, doctors, advisers, and friends in the Harvard community warned them that if they decided to keep the baby, they would lose all hope of achieving their carefully crafted goals. Fortunately, that’s exactly what happened. By the time Adam was born, Martha and John were propelled into a world in which they were forced to redefine everything of value to them, put all their faith in miracles, and trust that they could fly without a net. And it worked. Expecting Adam captures the abject terror and exhilarating freedom of facing impending parenthood, being forced to question one’s deepest beliefs, and rewriting life’s rules.
Download or read book An Evaluation of Shoulder Rumble Strips in Montana written by Robert R. Marvin and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An evaluation of shoulder rumble strip's effectiveness in reducing off-road and rollover crashes on Montana's highway system utilized 10 years of crash data on 393 miles of Interstate Highways and 213 miles of National Highway System (NHS) and Primary Highways. Statistical analysis of crash data involved rumble strip segments and control segments without rumble strips for 3 year periods before and after implementation of shoulder rumble strips. Descriptive statistics were developed from global data sets and comparative statistics on equivalent segments produced a finding of significant crash reductions on Interstate Highways, while the effect of shoulder rumble strips on NHS and Primary Highways was uncertain due to an inadequate sample size. Analysis of contingency tables indicate that the reduction in Interstate off-road crash rates attributable to shoulder rumble strips was 14.0% with a corresponding reduction of 23.5% in severity rates. The benefit/cost ratio for construction of shoulder rumble strips on Interstate highways was 19.5. A shoulder rumble strip driver survey involving questions related to knowledge of rumble strips, frequency of encounters, reaction to exposure, and general opinions on their use was incorporated as part of the study. The survey indicated that 95% of the driving public was familiar with rumble strips and their use with the majority of drivers encountering rumble strips on every highway trip. The overwhelming majority of motorists liked the benefits that shoulder rumble strips provide.
Download or read book Application and Evaluation of Rumble Strips on Highways written by Eric Yuan-Chin Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Centerline Rumble Strips on Lateral Vehicle Placement and Speed on Two lane Highways written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
