Download or read book Evaluation of Bench scale Sequencing Batch Reactor Swine Waste Treatment Under Continuous and Cyclic Aeration written by Todd Alan Bennett and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: low oxygen nitrification, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.
Download or read book Evaluation of Bench Scale Sequencing Batch Reactor Swine Waste Treatment Under Continuous and Cyclic Aeration written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project were to develop operating conditions for a bench-scale sequencing batch reactor to match the design of a full-scale sequencing batch reactor system for treating swine waste and to determine the effects of continuous, low oxygen versus cyclic aeration schemes on sequencing batch reactor system performance. The low aeration technique was intended to develop conditions for low oxygen nitrification and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification so that a comparison could be made to a typical cyclic aeration reactor for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The performance of the two reactor configurations was measured by the settling efficiency, mass removal efficiency, and accumulation of chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and total phosphorus (TP). The performance of the reactors did not meet expectations due to excessive loading and source inconsistency. Operational changes to the solids wasting mechanism and to the cyclic aeration system were made during the experiment in an attempt to stimulate reactor performance, which provided insight into the responses of the two types of reactors to these changes. The performance of the continuous aeration reactors met or exceeded the performance of the cyclic aeration reactors, while receiving a 73% lower supply of oxygen. The results support the potential for equipment and energy savings by utilizing low-oxygen continuous aeration for the treatment of swine waste with sequencing batch reactors.
Download or read book Mechanism and Design of Sequencing Batch Reactors for Nutrient Removal written by Derin Orhon and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2005-05-31 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is perhaps the most promising and viable of the proposed activated sludge modifications today for the removal of organic carbon and nutrients. In a relatively short period, it has become increasingly popular for the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewaters, as an effective biological treatment system due to its simplicity and flexibility of operation. Mechanism and Design of Sequencing Batch Reactors for Nutrient Removal has been prepared with the main objective to provide a unified design approach for SBR systems, primarily based on relevant process stoichiometry. Specific emphasis has been placed upon the fact that such a unified design approach is also by nature the determining factor for the selection of the most appropriate cyclic operation scheme, the sequence of necessary phases and filling patterns for the particular application. The proposed basis for design is developed and presented in a stepwise approach to cover both organic carbon and nutrient removal, domestic and industrial wastewaters, strong and specific wastes. The merits of model simulation as an integral complement of process design, along with performance evaluation of SBR models are also emphasized. Scientific and Technical Report No. 19
Download or read book Troubleshooting the Sequencing Batch Reactor written by Michael H. Gerardi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-01-11 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The practical guide on what to do right when biological influences cause a sequencing batch reactor to go wrong This richly illustrated, straightforward guide carries forth the legacy established by previous editions in the Wiley Wastewater Microbiology series by focusing attention on the mixed gathering of organisms cohabitating within a sequencing batching reactor (SBR), and the key roles their biology plays in this wastewater processing tank's function. With a clear, user-friendly presentation of complex subject matter, Troubleshooting the Sequence Batch Reactor first teaches plant operators how to differentiate the positive and expected organismal dynamics present in optimal SBR performance from the negative and damaging ones that create unhealthy sludge, and a stoppage in SBR operations. Next, Troubleshooting the Sequence Batch Reactor delivers all the tools necessary to get an SBR back on track and running safely. In this book you'll get: Short-course situations tested by the author for the past fifteen years Accessible material aimed at operators instead of design and consulting engineers Essential information for understanding biological conditions such as aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic/fermentative at the treatment process Examination of the properties of protozoa (single-celled) and metazoa (multi-celled) organisms, and their significance in wastewater treatment Devoid of overwhelming scientific jargon, chemical equations, and kinetics, this book simplifies details to provide quick instruction for plant operators on how to make more informed day-to-day process control decisions, how to troubleshoot confidently when SBR conditions become compromised, and how to act decisively when the problem is ultimately identified.
Download or read book Handbook Of Environment And Waste Management Air And Water Pollution Control written by Yung-tse Hung and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012-02-13 with total page 1256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Environment and Waste Management, Volume 1, Air and Water Pollution Control, is a comprehensive compilation of topics that are at the forefront of many technical advances and practices in air and water pollution control. These include air pollution control, water pollution control, water treatment, wastewater treatment, industrial waste treatment and small scale wastewater treatment.Internationally recognized authorities in the field of environment and waste management contribute chapters in their areas of expertise. This handbook is an essential source of reference for professionals and researchers in the areas of air, water, and waste management, and as a text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in these fields.
Download or read book Sequencing Batch Reactor Technology written by Peter A. Wilderer and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2001-03-01 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report highlights various types of SBRs, design considerations and procedures, equipment required, and experiences gained from practical applications. This report will help both designers and operators of SBRs understand how to use this technology successfully. The focus is on the application of fill-and-draw, variable volume, periodically operated, unsteady-state principles to activated sludge systems. Research findings are presented, from both the laboratory and pilot and full scale SBRs. Also included is a description of trends for technological developments and a discussion of open questions regarding research, development, application, and operation. Contents Introduction Fundamentals of Periodic Processes General Overview of SBR Applications Design of Activated Sludge SBR Plants Equipment and Instrumentation Practical Experiences Evaluation of SBR Facilities in Australia Evaluation of SBR Facilities in the USA and Canada Evaluation of SBR Facilities in Germany Evaluation of SBR Facilities in France Evaluation of SBR facilities in Japan Scientific and Technical Report No. 10
Download or read book Acclimation of Nitrifiers for Activated Sludge Treatment written by Robert A. Zimmerman and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-06-30 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrification kinetics were evaluated in bench-scale batch reactors fed with a synthetic wastewater containing approximately 1,000 mg ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N)/L operated at 5, 10, and 20 day solids retention times (SRTs) and with dewatered biosolids supernatant (1,126 to 1,680 mg NH3-N/L) operated at a 20-day SRT. For the 5- and 10-day SRTs, complete nitrification appeared to be inhibited by the presence of un-ionized ammonia and un-ionized nitrous acid. For the 20-day SRT, near complete nitrification was observed for both substrates. Observed ammonium oxidation rates decreased with increasing SRT. Observed yield coefficients were similar for all SRTs and substrates. Fully established steady-state conditions were observed at higher SRTs despite process start-up and operational considerations. Although it may be possible to culture a nitrifier population capable of near-complete nitrification at lower SRTs, the design configuration and operational strategy must mitigate the potential for un-ionized ammonia and un-ionized nitrous acid inhibition (e.g. process start-up at lower concentration with gradual increase to higher concentration, continuous feed operation, etc). Batch bioaugmentation analyses were conducted in the mixed liquor suspended solids and final clarifier effluent from a non-nitrifying activated sludge with seed nitrifiers developed from the 20-day SRT reactors and with biomass from a nitrifying trickling filter facility. Ammonia removal was observed in all bioaugmentation analyses with no apparent lag or acclimation period. Observed ammonium oxidation rates were not significantly different between the seed and batch bioaugmentation reactors. Acclimation does not appear to be a critical obstacle for nitrifier bioaugmentation when environmental conditions (e.g. temperature, pH, etc.) between the seed and bioaugmentation processes are not significantly different.
Download or read book Sequencing Batch Reactor SBR Technology for Biological Treatment of Sewage written by Chin Ming Lim and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sequencing batch reactor (SBR) has become popular in recent years since Irvine and Davis (1979) described its operation. The SBR achieved the processes in framework of space compared to the conventional system, which achieves in terms of space. There are generelly 5 operational steps in a SBR cycle namely Fill, React, Settle, Draw, and Idle. A bench scale SBR was studied at 2 difference strategies. The study was conducted at different cycle times (6h, 8h and 10h) and different operational mode based on the ratio of anaerobic period (1/2, 1/1, and 1.7/1). The study was undertaken to investigate the effiecient quality, removal efficiency, SVI and kinetic growth coefficient. Results from strategy A (different cycle time) showed that increase in cycle time ld to decrease in the removal of TSS, COD and BOD5. Best results were obtained for the system with the 6h-cycle time, followed by the 8h-cycle time and lastly was the 10h-cycle time. six hours cycle time was chosen for strategy B mainly due to the overall better removal efficiency on TSS, COD and BOD5. There were 3 operational modes being examined in strategy B, They were 1/2.7 ( longest aerobic period), 1/1 and 1.7/1 (shortest aerobic periods). Best results were obtained from the 1/2.7 operational mode with the longest aerobic (lowest Li, which was 1.22 mg/mg.d), followed by 1/1 operational mode and lastly was the 1.7/1 operational mode. The higher removal efficiency was associated with the longer aerobic period, the kinetic growth coefficient and SVI also increased with the increasing of aerobic period. Therefore, the 6h-cycle time and 1/2.7 operational mode appeared to be the most reliable option in this study. For further studies, more work could be done to have a better understanding of the SBR system. For instance, inclusion of an anoxic period in the React step would enhance denitrification process to achieved better effluent quality. Moreover, kinetic growth model can be further explored by thymidine assay.
Download or read book Evaluation Optimization of Design operation of Sequencing Batch Reactors for Wastewater Treatment written by Hydromantis and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biological Wastewater Treatment written by Mogens Henze and published by IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc). This book was released on 1881 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For information on the online course in Biological Wastewater Treatment from UNESCO-IHE, visit: http://www.iwapublishing.co.uk/books/biological-wastewater-treatment-online-course-principles-modeling-and-design Over the past twenty years, the knowledge and understanding of wastewater treatment have advanced extensively and moved away from empirically-based approaches to a first principles approach embracing chemistry, microbiology, physical and bioprocess engineering, and mathematics. Many of these advances have matured to the degree that they have been codified into mathematical models for simulation with computers. For a new generation of young scientists and engineers entering the wastewater treatment profession, the quantity, complexity and diversity of these new developments can be overwhelming, particularly in developing countries where access is not readily available to advanced level tertiary education courses in wastewater treatment. Biological Wastewater Treatment addresses this deficiency. It assembles and integrates the postgraduate course material of a dozen or so professors from research groups around the world that have made significant contributions to the advances in wastewater treatment. The book forms part of an internet-based curriculum in biological wastewater treatment which also includes: Summarized lecture handouts of the topics covered in book Filmed lectures by the author professors Tutorial exercises for students self-learning Upon completion of this curriculum the modern approach of modelling and simulation to wastewater treatment plant design and operation, be it activated sludge, biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal, secondary settling tanks or biofilm systems, can be embraced with deeper insight, advanced knowledge and greater confidence.
Download or read book Aerobic Granular Sludge written by S. Bathe and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2005-03-31 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerobic Granular Sludge has recently received growing attention by researchers and technology developers, worldwide. Laboratory studies and preliminary field tests led to the conclusion that granular activated sludge can be readily established and profitably used in activated sludge plants, provided 'correct' process conditions are chosen. But what makes process conditions 'correct'? And what makes granules different from activated sludge flocs? Answers to these question are offered in Aerobic Granular Sludge. Major topics covered in this book include: Reasons and mechanism of aerobic granule formation Structure of the microbial population of aerobic granules Role, composition and physical properties of EPS Diffuse limitation and microbial activity within granules Physio-chemical characteristics Operation and application of granule reactors Scale-up aspects of granular sludge reactors, and case studies Aerobic Granular Sludge provides up-to-date information about a rapidly emerging new technology of biological treatment.
Download or read book Biological Nutrient Removal in Bench scale Membrane Bioreactor and Full scale Sequencing Batch Reactor Under Various Configurations and Conditions written by Cagatayhan Bekir Ersu and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological nutrient removal was studied and modeled for a submerged bench-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR). Of the five configurations studied, the configuration with mixed liquor recirculation to the anaerobic compartment and permeate recirculation to the anoxic compartment gave the best results with 92.3 % sCOD, 75.6% TN, 62.4% TP removal, and almost complete nitrification (97.7%) at 25 days SRT and 2 hrs anaerobic, 2 hrs anoxic and 8 hrs oxic HRTs. When recirculation rates were varied within the same configuration, the highest TP removal was 88.1% with 300%/100% (mixed liquor/permeate) recirculation while the highest TN removal (90.3%) was with 200%/300% recirculation. TN and TP concentrations as low as 4.2 ± 0.1 mg/L and 1.4 ± 0.2 mg/L were obtained, respectively. The Biowin® AS/AD model, calibrated against a set of experimental data, predicted the effluent TN, TP and NO3− -N concentrations of MBR for varying recirculation configurations. Varying the SRT in the MBR impacted nutrient removal with 77.9% TN and 70.3% TP removal for 25 days SRT, 80.6% TN and 75.5% TP removal for 50 days SRT, and 84.8% TN and 61.5% TP removal for 75 days SRT. Biowin® modeling showed that the anoxic heterotrophic yield, oxic endogenous decay rate, anoxic hydrolysis factor, anaerobic hydrolysis factor, and fermentation rate increased proportionally with SRT. The estimated microbial kinetic parameters from Biowin® modeling for various SRTs predicted the experimental effluent quality at an SRT of 35 days. Incorporation of anaerobic, anoxic, and oxic sequences with intermittent aeration into the cycles of a full-scale sequencing batch reactor system (SBR) resulted in improvement in biological nutrient removal for the treatment of municipal wastewater and wastewater from a salad dressing plant. The two modified SBR schemes tested provided excellent sCOD removal (93 - 98%), TN removal (84 -90%) and TP removal (86 - 88%) in comparison to the regular SBR scheme which gave 55% TN removal and 45% TP removal. Winter temperatures impacted TN and TP removal negatively but did not impact sCOD and NH3-N removal.
Download or read book Innovative Wastewater Treatment Resource Recovery Technologies Impacts on Energy Economy and Environment written by Juan M. Lema and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-15 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the 3R concept applied to wastewater treatment and resource recovery under a double perspective. Firstly, it deals with innovative technologies leading to: Reducing energy requirements, space and impacts; Reusing water and sludge of sufficient quality; and Recovering resources such as energy, nutrients, metals and chemicals, including biopolymers. Besides targeting effective C,N&P removal, other issues such as organic micropollutants, gases and odours emissions are considered. Most of the technologies analysed have been tested at pilot- or at full-scale. Tools and methods for their Economic, Environmental, Legal and Social impact assessment are described. The 3R concept is also applied to Innovative Processes design, considering different levels of innovation: Retrofitting, where novel units are included in more conventional processes; Re-Thinking, which implies a substantial flowsheet modification; and Re-Imagining, with completely new conceptions. Tools are presented for Modelling, Optimising and Selecting the most suitable plant layout for each particular scenario from a holistic technical, economic and environmental point of view.
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 2268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book Sewage Treatment Plants written by Katerina Stamatelatou and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sewage Treatment Plants: Economic Evaluation of Innovative Technologies for Energy Efficiency aims to show how cost saving can be achieved in sewage treatment plants through implementation of novel, energy efficient technologies or modification of the conventional, energy demanding treatment facilities towards the concept of energy streamlining. The book brings together knowledge from Engineering, Economics, Utility Management and Practice and helps to provide a better understanding of the real economic value with methodologies and practices about innovative energy technologies and policies in sewage treatment plants.
Download or read book Activated Sludge 100 Years and Counting written by David Jenkins and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2014-05-31 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated Sludge - 100 Years and Counting covers the current status of all aspects of the activated sludge process and looks forward to its further development in the future. It celebrates 100 years of the Activated Sludge process, from the time that the early developers presented the seminal works that led to its eventual worldwide adoption. The book assembles contributions from renowned world leaders in activated sludge research, development, technology and application. The objective of the book is to summarise the knowledge of all aspects of the activated sludge process and to present and discuss anticipated future developments. The book comprises invited papers that were delivered at the conference "Activated Sludge...100 Years and Counting!", held in Essen, Germany, June 12th to 14th, 2014. Activated Sludge - 100 Years and Counting is of interest to researchers, engineers, designers, operations specialists, and governmental agencies from a wide range of disciplines associated with all aspects of the activated sludge process. Authors: David Jenkins, University of California at Berkeley, USA, Jiri Wanner, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.
Download or read book The Combined Sharon Anammox Process written by L. G. J. M. van Dongen and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2001-09-30 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wastewater treatment management, alongside many other industries, is seeking to attain a higher degree of sustainability for its processes by focusing on new technologies which minimise the consumption of resources or even recover them from the wastewater. Conventional removal of ammonium requires usually large amounts of energy for aeration and organic carbon for denitrification. This report focuses on making the nitrogen-removal process more sustainable. This can be achieved by a partial oxidation of ammonium to nitrite, after which the nitrate produced can be converted into nitrogen gas with the rest of ammonium under anoxic conditions. The treatment of nitrogen-rich water can be carried out beneficially by a combination of the Sharon process with the Anammox process. In this combined process less than 50% of the aeration energy is needed, no COD is required and an insignificant amount of sludge is produced. In this Report the potential of using this technology for the treatment of water arising from sludge treatment at a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is evaluated and the results of the operation of the system are described in detail. This reject water contains a significant fraction of the N-load towards the wastewater treatment plant. The results are used in an economic evaluation of a potential full scale installation. The Combined Sharon/Anammox Process Report will provide an invaluable source of information for all those concerned with the efficient and sustainable treatment of wastewater including plant managers, process designers, consultants and researchers.
