Download or read book Evaluation of 2 hydroxy 4 methylthio Butanoic Acid Isopropyl Ester and Methionine Supplementation on Efficiency of Microbial Protein Synthesis and Rumen Bacterial Populations written by Colleen Marie Fowler and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The primary source of protein for milk production is of microbial origin, so increasing microbial protein supply should either increase milk protein or decrease the need for expensive bypass protein. Moreover, improving the consistency of prediction of microbial protein supply decreases the amount of protein that must be fed to the dairy cow, reducing urinary N excretion and decreasing feed costs. Methionine is co-limiting with lysine in most dairy diets. 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMBi) is a methionine precursor for bacteria and might be degraded more slowly and, therefore, might be sustained longer over the feeding cycle for bacterial uptake or absorption than methionine itself. To show the effect of HMBi and methionine on bacterial population structure and protein synthesis, we used four continuous culture fermenters inoculated with rumen fluid from two lactating Holstein cows. We fed the cultures a normal dairy ration with a 50/50 ratio of concentrate and alfalfa thrice per day. Our experimental design was a 4x4 Latin square. Our treatments were control (CON), 0.11% HMBi (HMBi), 0.097% methionine (MET), and 0.055% HMBi plus 0.048% methionine (HMBi + MET). All doses were on an equivalent methionine molar basis. We dosed the stable isotopes 1-13C-methionine, 3D-methionine (methyl hydrogens labeled with deuterium) and U-13C-HMBi into the fermenters at six consecutive feedings to trace the incorporation of the carbon skeletons into microbial protein and methylation of substrates by methionine. We also infused NH3-N15 with the buffer during each period to measure efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. The data were compared using three orthogonal contrasts, all methionine treatments versus control and the linear and quadratic responses to methionine substitution by HMBi. Supplementation of methionine and HMBi had no effect on digestibilities of ADF and true OM. NDF and hemicellulose digestibility were linearly affected (P=0.04 and P

Download or read book Methionine and Methionine Analog Supplementation written by Johanna E. Plank and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Methionine (Met) is one of the first limiting amino acids (AA) for milk and milk protein production in many dairy diets. Before dietary Met can be utilized by the cow, it is first exposed to microbial degradation in the rumen. Met that bypasses ruminal degradation, is absorbed in the hindgut, and is available for metabolism by the cow is termed 'bioavailable' Met. Met flow to the hindgut can be increased by adding supplemental Met to the diet or by supporting microbial protein synthesis (MPS) and subsequently increasing the flow of microbial protein (MCP) to the small intestine. The majority of protein, 50 to 80%, that reaches the hindgut of ruminants comes from MCP, whose AA composition closely resembles that of milk. Two studies were conducted to better understand the effect of Met supplementation on Met bioavailability and the impact on MPS in the rumen. In the first study, Se substitution for Met was used to estimate the change in the flux of methionine at the mammary gland. This method was used to compare the bioavailability of five Met treatments: control, DL-Met, Smartamine (SMA), 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (HMB), the isopropyl ester of HMB (HMBi), and an experimental rumen protected supplement (ERPM). Met supplements were fed to twenty Holstein cows as a top dressing that provided 18g of Met derivative/d, in a truncated Latin square experiment. In the second study, the effect of supplementation of Met, from Met and Met analogs, on the synthesis of Met de novo versus the incorporation of preformed Met into MCP was determined by dosing 15NH3 and 13C-Met in batch cultures assigned to a randomized complete block experiment. Treatments consisted of control, 0.097% L-Met, 0.097% D-Met, 0.125% HMBi, 0.098% HMB, 0.250% HMBi (2xHMBi), 0.063% HMBi + 0.049% DL-Met (HMBi+MET), and 0.098% HMB + 0.039% isopropanol (HMB+ISO) and treatments were inoculated with faunated or defaunated inocula. Unless otherwise specified, treatments within experiments were equal molar. The calculated metabolizable Met flow in the first study for cows supplemented with DL-Met, SMA, HMB, HMBi, and ERPM was 42.4, 47.0, 52.8, 48.7, and 50.3 g/d respectively. Metabolizable Met estimates were adjusted for reduced DMI with HMBi supplementation (20.4 kg/d versus 21.9 kg/d for control, P

Download or read book Edible Medicinal and Non Medicinal Plants written by T. K. Lim and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-11 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers such plants with edible modified storage subterranean stems (corms, rhizomes, stem tubers) and unmodified subterranean stem stolons, above ground swollen stems and hypocotyls, storage roots (tap root, lateral roots, root tubers), and bulbs, that are eaten as conventional or functional food as vegetables and spices, as herbal teas, and may provide a source of food additive or neutraceuticals. This volume covers selected plant species with edible modified stems, roots and bulbs in the families Iridaceae, Lamiaceae, Marantaceae, Nelumbonaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Orchidaceae, Oxalidaceae, Piperaceae, Poaceae, Rubiaceae and Simaroubaceae. The edible species dealt with in this work include wild and underutilized crops and also common and widely grown ornamentals. To help in identification of the plant and edible parts coloured illustrations are included. As in the preceding ten volumes, topics covered include: taxonomy (botanical name and synonyms); common English and vernacular names; origin and distribution; agro-ecological requirements edible plant parts and uses; plant botany; nutritive, medicinal and pharmacological properties with up-to-date research findings; traditional medicinal uses; other non-edible uses; and selected/cited references for further reading. This volume has separate indices for scientific and common names; and separate scientific and medical glossaries.

Download or read book Biochemical Targets of Plant Bioactive Compounds written by Gideon Polya and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-05-15 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When introduced to the human body, bioactive metabolites produced by plants for self defense bind to particular biochemical targets, most notably to proteins involved in signaling by hormones and neurotransmitters. This, essentially, is the basis for the effects of herbal medicine. While herbal medicine preparations may act by complex synergistic interactions, molecular explanations of herbal medicine efficacy and side effects ultimately require definition of the biochemical targets of individual plant bioactive constituents. Biochemical Targets of Plant Bioactive Compounds is a comprehensive and user-friendly reference guide to biochemical targets of plant defensive compounds. With 500 pages of tables, it presents a mine of succinctly summarized information relating to bioactive compound structures, plant sources, biochemical targets and physiological effects that can be readily accessed via chemical compound, plant genus, plant common name and subject indexes. With introductory chapters providing reviews of the structural diversity of plant defensive compounds and biochemistry, this book is an invaluable reference for biomedical professionals in the fields of alternative/complementary medicine, natural product chemistry, toxicology, pharmacology, and botany.

Download or read book Chemistry of Phytopotentials Health Energy and Environmental Perspectives written by LD Khemani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-02 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the beginning of human civilization, plants have been our true companions. Plants contribute not only to our existence but also serve us through discovery, design and the treatment of various diseases where there is no satisfactory cure in modern medicine. This has focused Natural Product Chemists to unravel plants therapeutic potential in the light of modern analytical and pharmacological understandings. Presence of multiple active phytochemicals in medicinal plants offers exciting opportunity for the development of novel therapeutics, providing scientific justification for their use in traditional medicines. Non-food plants have been recognized as biofactories for the production of eco-friendly value added materials including agricultural, food products, enzymes, nutraceuticals etc. They have also been widely explored for personal care, industrial products and sources of energy generation. The proven efficacy of botanicals has been appreciated by the scientific community and strengthened plant-human relationship. The synergism in the Phytoproducts, the result of the interaction of two or more moieties, is not simply additive but multiplicative. Recent acceptance of the Food and Drug Administration (US) for herbal-medicine based preparation has renewed interest in Natural Product Research. The year 2011 is declared as the International Year of Chemistry (IYC 2011) by the United Nations Assembly. On this occasion, the present conference CPHEE 2011 aims to offer chemists from diverse areas to come to a common platform to share the knowledge and unveil the chemistry and magic potentials of phytoproducts for the mankind.

Download or read book Book of Abstracts of the 71st Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science written by Scientific Committee and published by Brill Wageningen Academic. This book was released on 2020-11-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book of Abstracts is the main publication of the 71st Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP). It contains abstracts of the invited papers and contributed presentations of the sessions of EAAP's eleven Commissions: Animal Genetics, Animal Nutrition, Animal Management and Health, Animal Physiology, Cattle Production, Sheep and Goat Production, Pig Production, Horse Production and Livestock Farming Systems, Insects and Precision Livestock Farming.

Download or read book Metabolic Modifiers written by National Research Council and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, animal scientists have learned that administering recombinantly derived somatotropin (growth hormone) to cows improves milk production and that giving beta-adrenergic agonists to meat animals improves productivity and leanness. In order for these metabolic modifiers to yield benefits, however, sound management of the animals' nutrition is necessary. This volume reports on how these substances work in the animals' metabolism, what effects they might have on nutrient requirements of domestic livestock, and what information should be developed further by investigators. The book explores the current understanding of the biology, structure, mechanisms of action, and treatment effects of somatotropin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and anabolic steroids. A companion volume to the Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals series, this authoritative volume will be required reading for animal scientists, researchers, veterinarians, livestock farmers, and faculty and students in university animal veterinary science programs.

Download or read book Food Biochemistry and Food Processing written by Y. H. Hui and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-15 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biochemistry of food is the foundation on which the research and development advances in food biotechnology are built. In Food Biochemistry and Food Processing, lead editor Y.H. Hui has assembled over fifty acclaimed academicians and industry professionals to create this indispensable reference and text on food biochemistry and the ever-increasing development in the biotechnology of food processing. While biochemistry may be covered in a chapter or two in standard reference books on the chemistry, enzymes, or fermentation of food, and may be addressed in greater depth by commodity-specific texts (e.g., the biotechnology of meat, seafood, or cereal), books on the general coverage of food biochemistry are not so common. Food Biochemistry and Food Processing effectively fills this void. Beginning with sections on the essential principles of food biochemistry, enzymology and food processing, the book then takes the reader on commodity-by-commodity discussions of biochemistry of raw materials and product processing. Later sections address the biochemistry and processing aspects of food fermentation, microbiology, and food safety. As an invaluable reference tool or as a state-of-the-industry text, Food Biochemistry and Food Processing fully develops and explains the biochemical aspects of food processing for scientist and student alike.

Download or read book Handbook of Food Chemistry written by Peter Chi Keung Cheung and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is intended to be a comprehensive reference for the various chemical aspects of foods and food products. Apart from the traditional knowledge, this book covers the most recent research and development of food chemistry in the areas of functional foods and nutraceuticals, organic and genetically modified foods, nonthermal food processing as well as nanotechnology. This handbook contains both the basic and advanced chemistry both for food research and its practical applications in various food related industries and businesses. This book is appropriate for undergraduates and postgraduates in the academics and professionals from the various disciplines and industries who are interested in applying knowledge of food chemistry in their respective fields.

Download or read book Chemistry and Technology of Flavours and Fragrances written by David Rowe and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-02-12 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern flavours and fragrances are complex formulated products,containing blends of aroma compounds with auxiliary materials,enabling desirable flavours or fragrances to be added to a hugerange of products. From the identification and synthesis ofmaterials such as cinnamaldehyde and vanillin in the 19th Centuryto the current application of advanced analytical techniques foridentification of trace aroma compounds present in naturalmaterials, the flavour and fragrance industry has developed as akey part of the worldwide specialty chemicals industry. With contributions mainly coming from industry based experts,Chemistry & Technology of Flavours and Fragrancesprovides a detailed overview of the synthesis, chemistry andapplication technology of the major classes aroma compounds. Withseparate chapters covering important technical aspects such as thestability of aroma compounds, structure – odour relationshipsand identification of aroma compounds, this book will be essentialreading for both experienced and graduate level entrants to theflavour & fragrance industry. It will also serve as animportant introduction to the subject for chemists andtechnologists in those industries that use flavours and fragrances,eg food, cosmetics & toiletries, and household products. David Rowe is Technical Manager at De Monchy Aromatics Ltd.,Poole UK

Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants and published by 中国法制出版社. This book was released on 2007-01-05 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proper formulation of diets for small ruminants depends on adequate knowledge of their nutrient requirements.

Download or read book Protein and Amino acid nutrition written by Anthony Albanese and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein and Amino Acid Nutrition describes the state of knowledge concerning the nutrition of proteins and amino acids. Topics range from the effect of some therapeutic agents on protein and amino acid nutrition, to species and age differences in amino acid requirements; utilization of D-amino acids; effect of proteins and amino acids on the growth of adult tissue in vitro; and amino acid requirements of animals and young adults. This volume is organized into 16 chapters and begins with an overview of the nutritional implications of the metabolic interrelationships of amino acids. The next chapters discuss experiments that tested the differences in amino acid requirements due to the differences in age and in species among animals, the biochemical individuality of amino acid requirements, and the utilization of dietary proteins. This book explains the synthesis of tissue proteins in relation to the essential amino acids; the link between food energy and nitrogen metabolism; and the use of the repletion method to measure the nutritive value of proteins, protein hydrolyzates, and amino acid mixtures. The final chapter discusses the nutritional needs of the older age groups. This book is intended for scientists, students, and researchers interested in human and animal nutrition.

Download or read book Biotechnology in Animal Feeds and Animal Feeding written by R. John Wallace and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-07-11 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the dramatically rising sophistication of biological methods and products and the increasing use of recombinant DNA technology, now is an apt time to review the status of biotechnology in animal feeding. This book gives succinct yet comprehensive coverage of products of biotechnology and allied sciences used in animal feed and feeding industries. Particular emphasis is placed on: - Conservation and upgrading of feeds and feed components - Increasing the protein value of feeds - Antimicrobials - Microbial feed additives - Increasing the energy value of feeds. Moreover, increasing environmental concerns are reflected in chapters describing dietary products which may help to reduce environmental hazards from animal feeding enterprises. A discussion of social and legislative aspects relating to biotechnology and animal feeding rounds off this useful compilation of timely articles.

Download or read book Biochemistry of Foods written by N.A.M. Eskin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochemistry of Foods attempts to emphasize the importance of biochemistry in the rapidly developing field of food science, and to provide a deeper understanding of those chemical changes occurring in foods. The development of acceptable fruits and vegetables on postharvest storage is dependent on critical biochemical transformations taking place within the plant organ. The chapters discuss how meat and fish similarly undergo postmortem chemical changes which affect their consumer acceptability. In addition to natural changes, those induced by processing or mechanical injury affect the quality of foods. Such changes can be controlled through an understanding of the chemical reactions involved, for instance, in enzymic and nonenzymic browning. Increased sophistication in food production has resulted in the widespread use of enzymes in food-processing operations. Some of the more important enzymes are discussed, with an emphasis on their role in the food industry. The final chapter is concerned with the biodeterioration of foods. The various microorganisms involved in the degradation of proteins, carbohydrates, oils, and fats are discussed, with special reference to the individual biochemical reactions responsible for food deterioration.

Download or read book Microbial Biotechnology in Food and Health written by Ramesh C. Ray and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial Biotechnology in Food and Health Science, volume one in the Applied Biotechnology Reviews series, offers two unique sections within the theme of genomics and bioprocessing and the bioengineering of microorganisms in the role of food science and human health. This volume provides review articles as the basis supporting biotechnological research useful to a wide scope of research initiatives. Important relevant information on genomics, proteomics and metabolomics are included as well as the emerging interdisciplinary area of synthetic biology which enables the metabolic engineering of microorganisms to produce pharmaceuticals. Applied Biotechnology Reviews is a series aimed at bringing all aspects of biotechnology as it is applied to food science - from agriculture through product processing into focus through topical volumes. Each volume will cover a relevant application approach in industrial biotechnology. Covers the latest biotechnological research articles on applications of microbes for food and health science Presents research articles to emphasize research methods and techniques useful for research outcomes Analysis detoxification properties of microorganisms in foods Includes methods of bioengineering of microbes to improve human insulin synthesis/recombinant protein

Download or read book NorFor written by Harald Volden and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NorFor is a semi-mechanistic feed evaluation system for cattle, which is used by advisors in Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. This book describes in detail the system and it covers five main sections. The first is concerned with information on feed characteristics, feed analysis and feed digestion methods. The second section describes the digestion and metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract and the supply and requirement of energy and metabolizable amino acids. The third section considers the prediction of feed intake and physical structure of the diet. The fourth section focuses on model evaluation and the final section provides information on the IT solutions and feed ration formulation by a non-linear economical optimization procedure. This book will be of significant interest to researchers, students and advisors of cattle nutrition and feed evaluation.

Download or read book Modelling Nutrient Utilization in Farm Animals written by J. P. McNamara and published by CABI. This book was released on 2000 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes current research in modelling nutrient use in farm animals, from cellular to ecosystem level. The chapters are developed from papers presented at a satellite meeting of the 9th International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology, held in South Africa in October 1999.Excellent papers from a top list of contributorsEditors of great reputationCovers the current topics of interest