Download or read book Evaluation and Utilization of Diploid and Tetraploid Potato Germplasm written by Félix Cristobal Serquén and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Redesigning Diploid Potato Breeding with Self compatibility written by Maher Alsahlany and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of cultivated potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum Grp. Tuberosum 2n=4x=48) are tetraploid. For over a 100 years yield increases have been obtained from improvements in production management rather than through genetic improvement. The goal of this study is to develop diploid germplasm that is self-compatible (SC) that can be used as parental material F1 hybrid variety breeding scheme. Producing true F1 hybrid potato seeds requires first developing SC inbred lines. Wild and cultivated species and dihaploid produced from cultivated tetraploid potato are self-incompatible (SI). We designed our study to develop breeding strategies to generate two germplasm pools using the benefit of having the S-locus inhibitor (Sli) gene from Solanum chacoense (M6).The first goal was to create a SC diploid potato multi-species germplasm pool. The objectives of recurrent selection (RS) are to introgress and improve SC in a multi-species potato germplasm pool that has essential cultivated tuber and canopy traits. SC was increased from 16% to 85% in the progeny over five cycles of RS. Genetic variability analysis based on 4885 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was maintained in the germplasm based on heterozygosity, and Neighbor-joining tree (NJ), Principal component analysis (PCA), and Structure analyze. Agronomic trait measurements showed that the RS population has genetic variability for many agronomic traits such as tuber appearance, tuber shape, and average tuber weight, average tuber yield, and tuber specific gravity. SC combined with essential tuber traits, is a valuable germplasm resource for inbred/F1 hybrid variety development.The second goal was to introgress self-compatibility into S. tuberosum dihaploids by crossing SC donor lines to cultivated dihaploids (2n=2x=24) produced from cultivated lines with traits such as chip processing, disease resistance, and virus resistance. A set of three crosses with dihaploid selections was used to select against undesirable traits and reduce the genetic contribution of the SC donor parents. The SC progeny were used in each round of crosses to a set of cultivated dihaploids. This set of three crosses is referred to as S. tuberosum backcross. Genetic diversity analysis based on over 6000 SNPs and agronomic traits measurements showed that the backcross (BC) population has genetic variability for many agronomic traits such as tuber appearance, tuber shape, and average tuber weight, average tuber yield, and specific gravity. The SC germplasm is a valuable resource for the future development of dihaploid F1 hybrid varieties.Third, a study was conducted to examine the results of chloroplast counting in stomatal guard cells, SNP genotyping calling, and flow cytometry to determine ploidy level. All three methods of ploidy determination agreed for evaluating ploidy. Twenty-eight clones with known ploidy level were used as reference samples (14 diploid lines (2n=2x=24), 14 tetraploid varieties and advanced breeding lines (2n=4x=48)) and 102 samples of unknown ploidy level from the RS and the BC populations. These results demonstrate the usefulness of chloroplast counting as an efficient and inexpensive method for breeders to differentiate ploidy between diploid and tetraploid potato.SNP-based heterozygosity, an unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UGPMA), PCA, and Structure analysis were done using the RS and BC germplasm pools. The NJ tree and PC analysis show the BC2 selections are distinct from the cycle 4 RS selections. The BC2 selections were clustered in one distinct group, and genetic variability was maintained within the group. Developing SC multi-species germplasm pool by using recurrent selection and SC S. tuberosum pool using backcross has led to two germplasm pools that could be tested to identify heterotic combinations. These two germplasm pools may help us develop F1 hybrid diploid potato varieties in the future.
Download or read book The Potato Genome written by Swarup Kumar Chakrabarti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-26 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the historical importance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.),potato genetic resources and stocks (including S. tuberosum group Phureja DM1-3 516 R44, a unique doubled monoploid homozygous line) used for potato genome sequencing. It also discusses strategies and tools for high-throughput sequencing, sequence assembly, annotation, analysis, repetitive sequences and genotyping-by-sequencing approaches. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.; 2n = 4x = 48) is the fourth most important food crop of the world after rice, wheat and maize and holds great potential to ensure both food and nutritional security. It is an autotetraploid crop with complex genetics, acute inbreeding depression and a highly heterozygous nature. Further, the book examines the recent discovery of whole genome sequencing of a few wild potato species genomes, genomics in management and genetic enhancement of Solanum species, new strategies towards durable potato late blight resistance, structural analysis of resistance genes, genomics resources for abiotic stress management, as well as somatic cell genetics and modern approaches in true-potato-seed technology. The complete genome sequence provides a better understanding of potato biology, underpinning evolutionary process, genetics, breeding and molecular efforts to improve various important traits involved in potato growth and development.
Download or read book The Potato Crop written by Hugo Campos and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-03 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book provides a fresh, updated and science-based perspective on the current status and prospects of the diverse array of topics related to the potato, and was written by distinguished scientists with hands-on global experience in research aspects related to potato. The potato is the third most important global food crop in terms of consumption. Being the only vegetatively propagated species among the world’s main five staple crops creates both issues and opportunities for the potato: on the one hand, this constrains the speed of its geographic expansion and its options for international commercialization and distribution when compared with commodity crops such as maize, wheat or rice. On the other, it provides an effective insulation against speculation and unforeseen spikes in commodity prices, since the potato does not represent a good traded on global markets. These two factors highlight the underappreciated and underrated role of the potato as a dependable nutrition security crop, one that can mitigate turmoil in world food supply and demand and political instability in some developing countries. Increasingly, the global role of the potato has expanded from a profitable crop in developing countries to a crop providing income and nutrition security in developing ones. This book will appeal to academics and students of crop sciences, but also policy makers and other stakeholders involved in the potato and its contribution to humankind’s food security.
Download or read book Advancing Diploid Potato Breeding Through Genetic Analysis and Genomic Selection written by Lin Song (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breeding gains of commercial autotetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) have been limited by tetrasomic inheritance for centuries. After mapping a self-compatible gene (Sli) on chromosome 12 at the end of the 20th century, the breeding strategy has shifted towards developing diploid inbred lines that can generate F1 hybrid varieties through sexual hybridization. Overcoming the gametophytic self-incompatibility through Sli is the first step in breeding at the diploid level. Then self-fertilization is performed within each breeding cycle to achieve pure diploid inbred lines. However, reaching full homozygosity is made difficult by severe inbreeding depression in potato. As a result, multiple hybridization events are needed to break linkages with the deleterious alleles. This research aims to create the germplasm and provide the data for future diploid potato breeding. We first focused on genes that were well characterized in potato: Sli and the vine maturity gene StCDF1 (Cycling DOF Factor 1). A modified backcrossing scheme using primary dihaploids of Solanum tuberosum as the recurrent parental background allowed for the selection of self-fertile F2 individuals homozygous for Sli. By integrating haplotype and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis, we identified and selected partially inbred lines fixed for the two favorable alleles. They were used to initiate new cycles of selection with the goal of increasing homozygosity while maintaining plant vigor, fertility, and yield. Then we sought to discover new genetic variants by genome-wide association study (GWAS) and joint linkage mapping. Two years of field trials were performed at the Hancock Agricultural Research Station (HARS), WI, using the progeny from Backcross Cycles 1 and 2 (BC1, BC2) in the years 2020 and 2021. The traits evaluated were vine maturity, tuber appearance, tuber yield, tuber size, specific gravity, chip color, and tuber sprouting. 25 significant QTL, including CDF1 and the tuber shape gene StOFP20, were identified in GWAS. Through joint linkage mapping with connected outbred F1 progeny in the 2021 field trial, we determined the three most desirable OFP20 haplotypes for round tuber shape. We further explored the potential of utilizing genomic selection for diploid potato with the two-year field trial data. The narrow-sense heritability estimates ranged from 0.41 to 0.63. Tuber yield showed the highest prediction reliability for marker-assisted genomic selection at 0.78. Both additive and dominance effects were included in the model, and dominance was most important for tuber yield, explaining 12% of the variance through heterosis. We have also discovered that, despite lower prediction accuracy, the historical tetraploid data can be used as a training population to predict traits of diploid potatoes. The prediction ability for diploids with the mixed ploidy training population ranged from 0.1 to 0.3.
Download or read book Advancing Diploid Potato Breeding Through Genetic Analysis and Genomic Selection written by Lin Song (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breeding gains of commercial autotetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) have been limited by tetrasomic inheritance for centuries. After mapping a self-compatible gene (Sli) on chromosome 12 at the end of the 20th century, the breeding strategy has shifted towards developing diploid inbred lines that can generate F1 hybrid varieties through sexual hybridization. Overcoming the gametophytic self-incompatibility through Sli is the first step in breeding at the diploid level. Then self-fertilization is performed within each breeding cycle to achieve pure diploid inbred lines. However, reaching full homozygosity is made difficult by severe inbreeding depression in potato. As a result, multiple hybridization events are needed to break linkages with the deleterious alleles. This research aims to create the germplasm and provide the data for future diploid potato breeding. We first focused on genes that were well characterized in potato: Sli and the vine maturity gene StCDF1 (Cycling DOF Factor 1). A modified backcrossing scheme using primary dihaploids of Solanum tuberosum as the recurrent parental background allowed for the selection of self-fertile F2 individuals homozygous for Sli. By integrating haplotype and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis, we identified and selected partially inbred lines fixed for the two favorable alleles. They were used to initiate new cycles of selection with the goal of increasing homozygosity while maintaining plant vigor, fertility, and yield. Then we sought to discover new genetic variants by genome-wide association study (GWAS) and joint linkage mapping. Two years of field trials were performed at the Hancock Agricultural Research Station (HARS), WI, using the progeny from Backcross Cycles 1 and 2 (BC1, BC2) in the years 2020 and 2021. The traits evaluated were vine maturity, tuber appearance, tuber yield, tuber size, specific gravity, chip color, and tuber sprouting. 25 significant QTL, including CDF1 and the tuber shape gene StOFP20, were identified in GWAS. Through joint linkage mapping with connected outbred F1 progeny in the 2021 field trial, we determined the three most desirable OFP20 haplotypes for round tuber shape. We further explored the potential of utilizing genomic selection for diploid potato with the two-year field trial data. The narrow-sense heritability estimates ranged from 0.41 to 0.63. Tuber yield showed the highest prediction reliability for marker-assisted genomic selection at 0.78. Both additive and dominance effects were included in the model, and dominance was most important for tuber yield, explaining 12% of the variance through heterosis. We have also discovered that, despite lower prediction accuracy, the historical tetraploid data can be used as a training population to predict traits of diploid potatoes. The prediction ability for diploids with the mixed ploidy training population ranged from 0.1 to 0.3.
Download or read book Potato Genetics written by J. E. Bradshaw and published by Cabi. This book was released on 1994 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Origins, species and cytology. Theory and methods of genetical analysis. Cellular and molecular genetics. Environmental stress, morphology and quality. Inheritance of resistance to pests and diseases. Potato breeding.
Download or read book Diploid Potato Breeding written by Susan Akinyi Otieno and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solanum (2n = 2x = 24) species (Solanum chacoense) when used as male self-compatible donor can be easily hybridized with other wild species (2n = 2x = 24) and dihaploids of Solanum tuberosum (2n = 4x = 48). Previous work carried out using diploid breeding techniques has had success and this has culminated into potato breeding platforms that exploit the 2n gamete breeding scheme with a focus on creating genetic diversity. In a diploid breeding program, the spontaneous occurrence of tetraploid progeny complicates the breeding process. Thirty-five 2x x 2x crosses were made to examine spontaneous incidences of tetraploid progeny in the F1 hybrid progeny of 2x x 2x S. tuberosum dihaploids by self-compatible donors S. chacoense (M6) and DRH S6-10-4P17. In these 2x x 2x crosses we expect both diploid and tetraploid progeny. Results showed that by using chloroplast counting and SNP genotyping, the frequency of tetraploid progeny ranged from 0 to 40% in the 35 crosses between Atlantic or Superior dihaploids to self-compatibility donors. This result is attributed to bilateral sexual polyploidization (BSP) which is the result of 2n egg and pollen formation. The results of this study will inform breeders developing diploid germplasm the potential consequences of 2x x 2x crosses between Solanum species and dihaploids of S. tuberosum.Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), is a major disease in most tropical, subtropical and temperate potato producing regions of the world. Breeding for bacterial wilt disease resistance in potatoes is challenging due to the pathogen's aggressive nature and persistence in the environment. Accessions of S. commersonii are known to harbor resistance, therefore, breeding for genetic resistance to bacterial wilt may be an effective strategy to control bacterial disease. The genetic variation among S1 selfed progeny of S. commersonii line MSEE912-08 was characterized by artificially inoculating them with an isolate of Rs. One hundred and twenty individual S1 selfed progeny were screened for Rs resistance by artificial inoculation with Rs isolate NAK66 in a glasshouse replicating each line three times in the experiment. Percent disease reaction was calculated as the relative area under disease progress curve (RAUDPC). RAUDPC was fitted to a random effects mixed model and the means were transformed as a Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) score for each clone. BLUP values ranged from -19.25 for the most resistant to16.83 for the most susceptible clones. Genotyping S1 individuals using the V3 Illumina Infinium Array generated 117 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers from the selfed population. Using 98 of the 120 progeny the significance of the markers was confirmed by single marker analysis from WindowsQTLCartographer 2.5, as well as a single marker ANOVA test using JMP®, Pro13. Significant markers were identified on Chromosome 4 which explained 9.8% to 13% of the phenotypic variation. SNP markers identified resistance associated with a homozygous genotype. Specifically, the genotypic value prediction from BLUP scores in single marker ANOVA showed that the homozygous genotype of the SNP markers in solcap_snp_c2_35970, PotVar0015326, PotVar0075537, solcap_snp_c1_10181, solcap_snp_c1_4109 and solcap_snp_c2_12904 were significantly associated with Rs resistance. This study was able to discover self-compatibility in S. commersonii. This study provides potential germplasm that can be used in marker assisted breeding in potato. Secondly, self-compatibility was identified in S. commersonii and should be further evaluated for use in a diploid breeding program.
Download or read book Field assessment of resistance in potato to Phytophthora infestans written by Forbes, G and published by International Potato Center. This book was released on 2014-06-27 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present guide is designed to assist professionals and technicians in charge of evaluation trials designed to screen selected potato genotypes for resistance to this disease. The evaluation of breeding families, which is carried out under greenhouse or field conditions, can use the same methodology. The guide can help to organize trials, improve data collection and analysis and introduces new criteria for resistance measurement based on epidemiological principles.
Download or read book Plant Tissue Culture Manual written by K. Lindsey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1991 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic techniques - cells tissue culture of model species. Tissue culture & transformation of crop species. Propagation & conservation of germplasm. Direct gene transfer & protoplast fusion. Reproductive tissues. Mutant selection.
Download or read book Wild Germplasm for Genetic Improvement in Crop Plants written by Muhammad Tehseen Azhar and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-03-10 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wild Germplasm for Genetic Improvement in Crop Plants addresses the need for an integrated reference on a wide variety of crop plants, facilitating comparison and contrast, as well as providing relevant relationships for future research and development. The book presents the genetic and natural history value of wild relatives, covers what wild relatives exist, explores the existing knowledge regarding specific relatives and the research surrounding them and identifies knowledge gaps. As understanding the role of crop wild relatives in plant breeding expands the genetic pool for abiotic and biotic stress resistance, this is an ideal reference on this important topic. - Provides a single-volume resource to important crops for accessible comparison and research - Explores both conventional and molecular approaches to breeding for targeted traits and allows for expanded genetic variability - Guides the development of hybrids for germplasm with increased tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses
Download or read book Atlas of Wild Potatoes written by and published by Bioversity International. This book was released on 2002 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This atlas describes the ecogeographic distribution of wild potatoes. They occur solely in the Americas, from the southwestern United States to central Argentina and Chile. To help the nonspecialist to understand the past and future changes in their classification, we first discuss the habitats, morphology, and taxonomy of wild potatoes. This is followed by a discussion of problems of data and information quality associated with the locality databases that were used for the maps in this atlas. Distribution maps are provided for all species and series (a taxonomic level that groups related species). Finally, statistics on ecogeographic distribution of wild potatoes, and analytical maps of species richness and series richness are provided.
Download or read book Doubled Haploid Production in Crop Plants written by M. Maluszynski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of doubled haploids has become a necessary tool in advanced plant breeding institutes and commercial companies for breeding many crop species. However, the development of new, more efficient and cheaper large scale production protocols has meant that doubled haploids are also recently being applied in less advanced breeding programmes. This Manual was prepared to stimulate the wider use of this technology for speeding and opening up new breeding possibilities for many crops including some woody tree species. Since the construction of genetic maps using molecular markers requires the development of segregating doubled haploid populations in numerous crop species, we hope that this Manual will also help molecular biologists in establishing such mapping populations. For many years, both the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) have supported and coordinated research that focuses on development of more efficient doubled haploid production methods and their applications in breeding of new varieties and basic research through their Plant Breeding and Genetics Section of the Joint F AO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. The first F AO/IAEA scientific network (Coordinated Research Programme - CRP) dealing with doubled haploids was initiated by the Plant Breeding and Genetics Section in 1986.
Download or read book Program Report 1993 1994 written by International Potato Center and published by International Potato Center. This book was released on with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exploration Maintenance and Utilization of Sweet Potato Genetic Resources written by and published by International Potato Center. This book was released on 1988 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To review the priorities for sweet potato germ plasm exploration and collection; To determine the best strategies for sweet potato germ plasm conservation; To establish guidelines for evaluations in the sweet potato collection; To set out strategies for utilizing these genetic resources and establish CIP's breeding priorities; To determine CIP's comparative advantage for research amongst what other institutions are already accomplishing.
Download or read book Potato Biology and Biotechnology written by Dick Vreugdenhil and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-31 with total page 857 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past 15-20 years major discoveries have been concluded on potato biology and biotechnology. Important new tools have been developed in the area of molecular genetics, and our understanding of potato physiology has been revolutionized due to amenability of the potato to genetic transformation. This technology has impacted our understanding of the molecular basis of plant-pathogen interaction and has also opened new opportunities for the use of the potato in a variety of non-food biotechnological purposes. This book covers the potato world market as it expands further into the new millennium. Authors stress the overriding need for stable yields to eliminate human hunger and poverty, while considering solutions to enhance global production and distribution. It comprehensively describes genetics and genetic resources, plant growth and development, response to the environment, tuber quality, pests and diseases, biotechnology and crop management. Potato Biology is the most valuable reference available for all professionals involved in the potato industry, plant biologists and agronomists. - Offers an understanding of the social, economic and market factors that influence production and distribution - Discusses developments and useful traits in transgenic biology and genetic engineering - The first reference entirely devoted to understanding new advances in potato biology and biotechnology
Download or read book World Cotton Germplasm Resources written by Ibrokhim Y. Abdurakhmonov and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2014-07-02 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preservation of plant germplasm resources is vitally important for mankind to supply food and product security in the globalization and technological advances of the 21st century. Mankind preserved a wealth of available genetic resources of many plant species worldwide. One of the such worldwide plant germplasm resources is available for cotton, a unique natural fiber producing cash crop for mankind. Worldwide cotton germplasm collections exist in Australia, Brazil, China, India, France, Pakistan, Turkey, Russia, United States of America, and Uzbekistan. The objective of World Cotton Germplasm Resources book is to present readers with updated information on existing cotton germplasm resources, highlighting detailed inventory, description, storage conditions, characterization and utilization as well as challenges and perspectives. This book should be a comprehensive encyclopedic reading source for plant research community and students to gather important information on worldwide cotton germplasm resources.
