Download or read book Evaluating the Intergranular SCC Resistance of Sensitized Type 304 Stainless Steel in Low Temperature Water Environments written by SM. Bruemmer and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The resistance of sensitized AISI Type 304 stainless steel to intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) in 32°C water environments has been investigated by using constant axial load (CAL), constant extension rate (CER), U-bend, and crevice corrosion tests. Constant load tests were found to give a better simulation of a service failure and produced IGSCC under a wider range of conditions than CER or U-bend tests. Intergranular SCC of welded and furnace-sensitized Type 304 specimens was observed in CAL experiments in both deionized and borated water with ppm level chloride additions. Constant extension rate tests also produced IGSCC, but only in welded pipe specimens with the original ground and welded surfaces intact. If the original inner diameter and outer diameter surfaces were removed, fracture surfaces showed ductile, microvoid coalescence appearances. No evidence of SCC or significant corrosive attack was found in U-bend or crevice corrosion tests after more than six months in dilute chloride environments at temperatures of 30 or 50°C. However, intergranular cracking was observed in furnacesensitized, high-carbon Type 304 U-bend specimens at 80°C.
Download or read book Slow Strain Rate Testing for the Evaluation of Environmentally Induced Cracking written by R. D. Kane and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1993 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to predict when and how a material will crack under environmental conditions, engineers used to subject it to pressure for a long time, up to a year in cases; about 20 years ago, a testing method was developed that slowly but inexorably increases the pressure, which seems to cut down the ti
Download or read book Environment sensitive Fracture written by S. W. Dean and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1984 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of Susceptibility of Type 304 Stainless Steel to Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking in Simulated Savannah River Reactor Environments written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) of Type 304 stainless steel rate tests (CERT) of specimens machined was evaluated by constant extension from Savannah River Plant (SRP) decontaminated process water piping. Results from 12 preliminary CERT tests verified that IGSCC occurred over a wide range of simulated SRP envirorments. 73 specimens were tested in two statistical experimental designs of the central composite class. In one design, testing was done in environments containing hydrogen peroxide; in the other design, hydrogen peroxide was omitted but oxygen was added to the environment. Prediction equations relating IGSCC to temperature and environmental variables were formulated. Temperature was the most important independent variable. IGSCC was severe at 100 to 120C and a threshold temperature between 40C and 55C was identified below which IGSCC did not occur. In environments containing hydrogen peroxide, as in SRP operation, a reduction in chloride concentration from 30 to 2 ppB also significantly reduced IGSCC. Reduction in sulfate concentration from 50 to 7 ppB was effective in reducing IGSCC provided the chloride concentration was 30 ppB or less and temperature was 95C or higher. Presence of hydrogen peroxide in the environment increased IGSCC except when chloride concentration was 11 ppB or less. Actual concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, oxygen and carbon dioxide did not affect IGSCC. Large positive ECP values (+450 to +750 mV Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE)) in simulated SRP environments containing hydrogen peroxide and were good agreement with ECP measurements made in SRP reactors, indicating that the simulated environments are representative of SRP reactor environments. Overall CERT results suggest that the most effective method to reduce IGSCC is to reduce chloride and sulfate concentrations.
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking written by V S Raja and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of stress corrosion cracking (SCC), which causes sudden failure of metals and other materials subjected to stress in corrosive environment(s), has a significant impact on a number of sectors including the oil and gas industries and nuclear power production. Stress corrosion cracking reviews the fundamentals of the phenomenon as well as examining stress corrosion behaviour in specific materials and particular industries.The book is divided into four parts. Part one covers the mechanisms of SCC and hydrogen embrittlement, while the focus of part two is on methods of testing for SCC in metals. Chapters in part three each review the phenomenon with reference to a specific material, with a variety of metals, alloys and composites discussed, including steels, titanium alloys and polymer composites. In part four, the effect of SCC in various industries is examined, with chapters covering subjects such as aerospace engineering, nuclear reactors, utilities and pipelines.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Stress corrosion cracking is an essential reference for engineers and designers working with metals, alloys and polymers, and will be an invaluable tool for any industries in which metallic components are exposed to tension, corrosive environments at ambient and high temperatures. - Examines the mechanisms of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) presenting recognising testing methods and materials resistant to SCC - Assesses the effect of SCC on particular metals featuring steel, stainless steel, nickel-based alloys, magnesium alloys, copper-based alloys and welds in steels - Reviews the monitoring and management of SCC and the affect of SCC in different industries such as petrochemical and aerospace
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing And Waste Management written by Jinsuo Zhang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-08-07 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question of how to effectively, efficiently, and responsibly manage used nuclear fuels is a concern of major impediment in the light of today's increasing usage of nuclear power and development of advanced nuclear reactors. This book focuses on two significant areas of (used) nuclear fuel: the reprocessing technology, and waste disposal and management. The book covers the fundamental knowledge, the current state-of-the-art, and future research activities for each topic.This book provides readers with the fundamental knowledge behind of nuclear used fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste management, and their technical applications, and their requirements and practices; to make the readers aware of social, economic, and environmental concerns as well as technical research needs. The book covers two well-known and well-developed reprocessing technologies: aqueous reprocessing technology, and electrochemical pyroprocessing. On the subject of waste management, it covers the dry storage of used nuclear fuel, novel waste form design, and nuclear waste disposal.This book is a good guide for readers who want to understand, apply, or develop the technologies.
Download or read book Structural Materials in Nuclear Power Systems written by J. T. Adrian Roberts and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years the effort devoted to assuring both the safety and reliability of commercial nuclear fission power reactors has markedly increased. The incentives for performing this work are large since the resulting im provement in plant productivity translates into lower fuel costs and, more importantly, reduced reliance on imported oil. Reliability and availability of nuclear power plants, whether fission or fusion, demand that more attention be focused on the behavior of materials. Recent experiences with fission power indicate that the basic properties of materials, which categorize their reliable behavior under specified conditions, need reinforcement to assure trouble-free operation for the expected service life. The pursuit of additional information con tinues to demand a better understanding of some of the observed anom alous behavior, and of the margin of resistance of materials to unpre dictable service conditions. It is also apparent that, next to plasma heating and confinement, materials selection represents the most serious chal lenge to the introduction of fusion power. The recognition of the importance of materials performance to nu clear plant performance has sustained a multimillion dollar worldwide research and development effort that has yielded significant results, both in quantification of the performance limits of materials in current use and the development and qualification of new materials. Most of this infor mation appears in the open literature in the form of research reports, journal articles, and conference proceedings.
Download or read book INIS Atomindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 956 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Download or read book Corrosion of Weldments written by Joseph R. Davis and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion failures of industrial components are commonly associated with welding. The reasons are many and varied. For example, welding may reduce the resistance to corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking by altering composition and microstructure, modifying mechanical properties, introducing residual stress, and creating physical defects. This book details the many forms of weld corrosion and the methods used to minimize weld corrosion. Chapters on specific alloys groups--carbon and alloy steels, stainless steels, high-nickel alloys, and nonferrous alloys--describe both general welding characteristics and the metallurgical factors that influence corrosion behavior. Corrosion problems associated with dissimilar metal weldments are also examined. Case histories document corrosion problems unique to specific industries including oil and gas, chemical processing, pulp and paper, and electric power. Special challenges caused by high-temperature environments are discussed. Commonly used methods to monitor weld corrosion and test methods for evaluation of intergranular, pitting, crevice, stress-corrosion cracking, and other forms of corrosion are also reviewed.
Download or read book Steel Castings Handbook 6th Edition written by Malcolm Blair and published by ASM International. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intergranular Corrosion of Stainless Alloys written by R. F. Steigerwald and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1978 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stainless Steels written by Joseph R. Davis and published by ASM International. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ASM Specialty Handbook® Stainless Steels The best single-volume reference on the metallurgy, selection, processing, performance, and evaluation of stainless steels, incorporating essential information culled from across the ASM Handbook series. Includes additional data and reference information carefully selected and adapted from other authoritative ASM sources.
Download or read book Analysis of the Effects of Corrosion Potential and Impurities on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 304 Stainless Steel written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) of sensitized Type 304 stainless steel (SS) has been a recurrent problem in the high-temperature water environment of boiling-water-reactors (BWRs) over the past two decades. The synergistic effects of environmental and material variables on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Type 304 SS were investigated at 289°C by means of constant-extension-rate-tensile (CERT) tests at a strain rate of 1 x 10−6/s. Correlations among environmental variables (dissolved oxygen and impurity concentrations, viz., H2SO4, steady-state open-circuit electro-chemical potential) and the SCC susceptibility parameters have been determined. The extensive results over a wide range of open-circuit corrosion potential conditions were analyzed by a model which accounts for the effects of environmental variables, microstructure (e.g., degree of sensitization) and strain rate. The results are consistent with a slip-dissolution mechanism for SCC. Furthermore, representation of the dependence of corrosion potential and average crack growth rate on the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water by a simple mathematical function, in conjunction with the theoretical model, enables predictions of both strain rate and environmental effects on the SCC susceptibility of sensitized Type 304 SS. 12 refs., 7 figs.
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 1244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
