Download or read book Eureka Math Geometry Study Guide written by Great Minds and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-06-14 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The team of teachers and mathematicians who created Eureka Math believe that it's not enough for students to know the process for solving a problem; they need to know why that process works. That's why students who learn math with Eureka can solve real-world problems, even those they have never encountered before. The Study Guides are a companion to the Eureka Math program, whether you use it online or in print. The guides collect the key components of the curriculum for each grade in a single volume. They also unpack the standards in detail so that anyone—even non-Eureka users—can benefit. The guides are particularly helpful for teachers or trainers seeking to undertake or lead a meaningful study of the grade level content in a way that highlights the coherence between modules and topics. We're here to make sure you succeed with an ever-growing library of resources. Take advantage of the full set of Study Guides available for each grade, PK-12, or materials at eureka-math.org, such as free implementation and pacing guides, material lists, parent resources, and more.

Download or read book Eureka Math Algebra II Study Guide written by Great Minds and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-06-29 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The team of teachers and mathematicians who created Eureka Math™ believe that it's not enough for students to know the process for solving a problem; they need to know why that process works. That's why students who learn math with Eureka can solve real-world problems, even those they have never encountered before. The Study Guides are a companion to the Eureka Math program, whether you use it online or in print. The guides collect the key components of the curriculum for each grade in a single volume. They also unpack the standards in detail so that anyone—even non-Eureka users—can benefit. The guides are particularly helpful for teachers or trainers seeking to undertake or lead a meaningful study of the grade level content in a way that highlights the coherence between modules and topics. We're here to make sure you succeed with an ever-growing library of resources. Take advantage of the full set of Study Guides available for each grade, PK-12, or materials at eureka-math.org, such as free implementation and pacing guides, material lists, parent resources, and more.

Download or read book Eureka Math Pre K Study Guide written by Great Minds and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-08-02 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eureka Math is a comprehensive, content-rich PreK–12 curriculum that follows the focus and coherence of the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics (CCSSM) and carefully sequences the mathematical progressions into expertly crafted instructional modules. The companion Study Guides to Eureka Math gather the key components of the curriculum for each grade into a single location, unpacking the standards in detail so that both users and non-users of Eureka Math can benefit equally from the content presented. Each of the Eureka Math Curriculum Study Guides includes narratives that provide educators with an overview of what students should be learning throughout the year, information on alignment to the instructional shifts and the standards, design of curricular components, approaches to differentiated instruction, and descriptions of mathematical models. The Study Guides can serve as either a self-study professional development resource or as the basis for a deep group study of the standards for a particular grade. For teachers who are new to the classroom or the standards, the Study Guides introduce them not only to Eureka Math but also to the content of the grade level in a way they will find manageable and useful. Teachers familiar with the Eureka Math curriculum will also find this resource valuable as it allows for a meaningful study of the grade level content in a way that highlights the coherence between modules and topics. The Study Guides allow teachers to obtain a firm grasp on what it is that students should master during the year. The Eureka Math Curriculum Study Guide, Grade PK provides an overview of all of the Pre-Kindergarten modules, including Counting to 5; Shapes; Counting to 10; Comparison of Length, Weight, Capacity, and Numbers to 5; and Addition and Subtraction Stories and Counting to 20.

Download or read book Eureka Math Precalculus Study Guide written by Great Minds and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-14 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The team of teachers and mathematicians who created Eureka Math believe that it's not enough for students to know the process for solving a problem; they need to know why that process works. That's why students who learn math with Eureka can solve real-world problems, even those they have never encountered before. The Study Guides are a companion to the Eureka Math program, whether you use it online or in print. The guides collect the key components of the curriculum for each grade in a single volume. They also unpack the standards in detail so that anyone even non-Eureka users can benefit. The guides are particularly helpful for teachers or trainers seeking to undertake or lead a meaningful study of the grade level content in a way that highlights the coherence between modules and topics. We're here to make sure you succeed with an ever-growing library of resources. Take advantage of the full set of Study Guides available for each grade, PK-12, or materials at eureka-math.org, such as free implementation and pacing guides, material lists, parent resources, and more.

Download or read book Eureka Math Grade 8 Study Guide written by Great Minds and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-05-16 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eureka Math is a comprehensive, content-rich PreK–12 curriculum that follows the focus and coherence of the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics (CCSSM) and carefully sequences the mathematical progressions into expertly crafted instructional modules. The companion Study Guides to Eureka Math gather the key components of the curriculum for each grade into a single location, unpacking the standards in detail so that both users and non-users of Eureka Math can benefit equally from the content presented. Each of the Eureka Math Curriculum Study Guides includes narratives that provide educators with an overview of what students should be learning throughout the year, information on alignment to the instructional shifts and the standards, design of curricular components, approaches to differentiated instruction, and descriptions of mathematical models. The Study Guides can serve as either a self-study professional development resource or as the basis for a deep group study of the standards for a particular grade. For teachers who are new to the classroom or the standards, the Study Guides introduce them not only to Eureka Math but also to the content of the grade level in a way they will find manageable and useful. Teachers familiar with the Eureka Math curriculum will also find this resource valuable as it allows for a meaningful study of the grade level content in a way that highlights the coherence between modules and topics. The Study Guides allow teachers to obtain a firm grasp on what it is that students should master during the year. The Eureka Math Curriculum Study Guide, Grade 8 provides an overview of all of the Grade 8 modules, including Integer Exponents and Scientific Notation; The Concept of Congruence; Similarity; Linear Equations; Examples of Functions from Geometry; Linear Functions; Introduction to Irrational Numbers Using Geometry.

Download or read book Eureka Math Grade 2 Study Guide written by Great Minds and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-09-18 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eureka Math is a comprehensive, content-rich PreK–12 curriculum that follows the focus and coherence of the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics (CCSSM) and carefully sequences the mathematical progressions into expertly crafted instructional modules. The companion Study Guides to Eureka Math gather the key components of the curriculum for each grade into a single location, unpacking the standards in detail so that both users and non-users of Eureka Math can benefit equally from the content presented. Each of the Eureka Math Curriculum Study Guides includes narratives that provide educators with an overview of what students should be learning throughout the year, information on alignment to the instructional shifts and the standards, design of curricular components, approaches to differentiated instruction, and descriptions of mathematical models. The Study Guides can serve as either a self-study professional development resource or as the basis for a deep group study of the standards for a particular grade. For teachers who are new to the classroom or the standards, the Study Guides introduce them not only to Eureka Math but also to the content of the grade level in a way they will find manageable and useful. Teachers familiar with the Eureka Math curriculum will also find this resource valuable as it allows for a meaningful study of the grade level content in a way that highlights the coherence between modules and topics. The Study Guides allow teachers to obtain a firm grasp on what it is that students should master during the year. The Eureka Math Curriculum Study Guide, Grade 2 provides an overview of all of the Grade 2 modules, including Sums and Differences to 20; Addition and Subtraction of Length Units; Place Value, Counting, and Comparison of Numbers to 1,000; Addition and Subtraction Within 200 with Word Problems to 100; Addition and Subtraction Within 1,000 with Word Problems to 100; Foundations of Multiplication and Division; Problem Solving with Length, Money, and Data; and Time, Shapes, and Fractions as Equal Parts of Shapes.

Download or read book Eureka Math Grade 4 Study Guide written by Great Minds and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-11-09 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eureka Math is a comprehensive, content-rich PreK–12 curriculum that follows the focus and coherence of the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics (CCSSM) and carefully sequences the mathematical progressions into expertly crafted instructional modules. The companion Study Guides to Eureka Math gather the key components of the curriculum for each grade into a single location, unpacking the standards in detail so that both users and non-users of Eureka Math can benefit equally from the content presented. Each of the Eureka Math Curriculum Study Guides includes narratives that provide educators with an overview of what students should be learning throughout the year, information on alignment to the instructional shifts and the standards, design of curricular components, approaches to differentiated instruction, and descriptions of mathematical models. The Study Guides can serve as either a self-study professional development resource or as the basis for a deep group study of the standards for a particular grade. For teachers who are new to the classroom or the standards, the Study Guides introduce them not only to Eureka Math but also to the content of the grade level in a way they will find manageable and useful. Teachers familiar with the Eureka Math curriculum will also find this resource valuable as it allows for a meaningful study of the grade level content in a way that highlights the coherence between modules and topics. The Study Guides allow teachers to obtain a firm grasp on what it is that students should master during the year. The Eureka Math Curriculum Study Guide, Grade 4 provides an overview of all of the Grade 4 modules, including Place Value, Rounding, and Algorithms for Addition and Subtraction; Unit Conversions and Problem Solving with Metric Measurement; Multi-Digit Multiplication and Division; Angle Measure and Plane Figures; Fraction Equivalence, Ordering, and Operations; Decimal Fractions; and Exploring Measurement with Multiplication.

Download or read book Eureka Math Grade 1 Study Guide written by Great Minds and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-09-18 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eureka Math is a comprehensive, content-rich PreK–12 curriculum that follows the focus and coherence of the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics (CCSSM) and carefully sequences the mathematical progressions into expertly crafted instructional modules. The companion Study Guides to Eureka Math gather the key components of the curriculum for each grade into a single location, unpacking the standards in detail so that both users and non-users of Eureka Math can benefit equally from the content presented. Each of the Eureka Math Curriculum Study Guides includes narratives that provide educators with an overview of what students should be learning throughout the year, information on alignment to the instructional shifts and the standards, design of curricular components, approaches to differentiated instruction, and descriptions of mathematical models. The Study Guides can serve as either a self-study professional development resource or as the basis for a deep group study of the standards for a particular grade. For teachers who are new to the classroom or the standards, the Study Guides introduce them not only to Eureka Math but also to the content of the grade level in a way they will find manageable and useful. Teachers familiar with the Eureka Math curriculum will also find this resource valuable as it allows for a meaningful study of the grade level content in a way that highlights the coherence between modules and topics. The Study Guides allow teachers to obtain a firm grasp on what it is that students should master during the year. The Eureka Math Curriculum Study Guide, Grade 1 provides an overview of all of the Grade 1 modules, including Sums and Differences to 10; Introduction to Place Value Through Addition and Subtraction Within 20; Ordering and Comparing Length Measurements as Numbers; Place Value, Comparison, Addition and Subtraction to 40; Identifying, Composing, and Partitioning Shapes; and Place Value, Comparison, Addition and Subtraction to 100.

Download or read book Eureka Math Grade 5 Study Guide written by Great Minds and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-11-09 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eureka Math is a comprehensive, content-rich PreK–12 curriculum that follows the focus and coherence of the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics (CCSSM) and carefully sequences the mathematical progressions into expertly crafted instructional modules. The companion Study Guides to Eureka Math gather the key components of the curriculum for each grade into a single location, unpacking the standards in detail so that both users and non-users of Eureka Math can benefit equally from the content presented. Each of the Eureka Math Curriculum Study Guides includes narratives that provide educators with an overview of what students should be learning throughout the year, information on alignment to the instructional shifts and the standards, design of curricular components, approaches to differentiated instruction, and descriptions of mathematical models. The Study Guides can serve as either a self-study professional development resource or as the basis for a deep group study of the standards for a particular grade. For teachers who are new to the classroom or the standards, the Study Guides introduce them not only to Eureka Math but also to the content of the grade level in a way they will find manageable and useful. Teachers familiar with the Eureka Math curriculum will also find this resource valuable as it allows for a meaningful study of the grade level content in a way that highlights the coherence between modules and topics. The Study Guides allow teachers to obtain a firm grasp on what it is that students should master during the year. The Eureka Math Curriculum Study Guide, Grade 5 provides an overview of all of the Grade 5 modules, including Place Value and Decimal Fractions; Multi-Digit Whole Number and Decimal Fraction Operations; Addition and Subtraction of Fractions; Multiplication and Division of Fractions and Decimal Fractions; Addition and Multiplication with Volume and Areal; Problem Solving with the Coordinate Plane.

Download or read book Eureka Math A Story of Functions Geometry Module 1 written by Great Minds and published by Jossey-Bass. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Common Core Mathematics is the most comprehensive Common Core State Standards-based mathematics curriculum available today. The modules are sequenced and paced to support the teaching of mathematics as an unfolding story that follows the logic of mathematics itself. They embody the instructional “shifts” and the standards for mathematical practice that are fundamental to the CCSS. Each module contains a sequence of lessons that combine conceptual understanding, fluency, and application to meet the demands of each topic in the module. Formative assessments are included to support data-driven instruction. The modules are written by teams of master teachers and mathematicians. In Common Core Mathematics, Geometry students explore more complex geometric situations and deepen their explanations of geometric relationships, moving towards formal mathematical arguments. Important differences exist between this Geometry course and the historical approach taken in Geometry classes. For example, transformations are emphasized early in this course. Close attention should be paid to the introductory content for the Geometry conceptual category found in the high school CCSS. The Mathematical Practice Standards apply throughout each course and, together with the content standards, prescribe that students experience mathematics as a coherent, useful, and logical subject that makes use of their ability to make sense of problem situations. Common Core Learning Standards Addressed in Geometry, Module 1: G-CO.1, G-CO.2, G-CO.3, G-CO.4, G-CO.5, G-CO.6, G-CO.7, G-CO.8, G-CO.9, G-CO.10, G-CO.11, G-CO.12, G-CO.13 SEQUENCE OF GEOMETRY MODULES Module 1: Congruence, Proof, and Constructions Module 2: Similarity, Proof, and Trigonometry Module 3: Extending to Three Dimensions Module 4: Connecting Algebra and Geometry through Coordinates Module 5: Circles With and Without Coordinates Common Core (www.commoncore.org) is a non-profit organization formed in 2007 to advocate for a content-rich liberal arts education in America’s K-12 schools. To improve education in America, Common Core creates curriculum materials and also promotes programs, policies, and initiatives at the local, state, and federal levels that provide students with challenging, rigorous instruction in the full range of liberal arts and sciences. Common Core is not affiliated with the Common Core State Standards Initiative. GRADE OVERVIEWS, GUIDANCE ON HOW TO IMPLEMENT COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS, MATH TOOLS, AND MORE, CAN BE FOUND AT www.commoncore.org

Download or read book Eureka Math Curriculum Study Guide written by Common Core and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-03-23 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eureka Math is a comprehensive, content-rich PreK–12 curriculum that follows the focus and coherence of the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics (CCSSM) and carefully sequences the mathematical progressions into expertly crafted instructional modules. The companion Study Guides to Eureka Math gather the key components of the curriculum for each grade into a single location, unpacking the standards in detail so that both users and non-users of Eureka Math can benefit equally from the content presented. Each of the Eureka Math Curriculum Study Guides includes narratives that provide educators with an overview of what students should be learning throughout the year, information on alignment to the instructional shifts and the standards, design of curricular components, approaches to differentiated instruction, and descriptions of mathematical models. The Study Guides can serve as either a self-study professional development resource or as the basis for a deep group study of the standards for a particular grade. For teachers who are new to the classroom or the standards, the Study Guides introduce them not only to Eureka Math but also to the content of the grade level in a way they will find manageable and useful. Teachers familiar with the Eureka Math curriculum will also find this resource valuable as it allows for a meaningful study of the grade level content in a way that highlights the coherence between modules and topics. The Study Guides allow teachers to obtain a firm grasp on what it is that students should master during the year. The Eureka Math Curriculum Study Guide, Grade 4 provides an overview of all of the Grade 4 modules, including Place Value, Rounding, and Algorithms for Addition and Subtraction; Unit Conversions and Problem Solving with Metric Measurement; Multi-Digit Multiplication and Division; Angle Measure and Plane Figures; Fraction Equivalence, Ordering, and Operations; Decimal Fractions; and Exploring Measurement with Multiplication.

Download or read book Eureka Math Grade 3 Study Guide written by Great Minds and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-11-09 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eureka Math is a comprehensive, content-rich PreK–12 curriculum that follows the focus and coherence of the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics (CCSSM) and carefully sequences the mathematical progressions into expertly crafted instructional modules. The companion Study Guides to Eureka Math gather the key components of the curriculum for each grade into a single location, unpacking the standards in detail so that both users and non-users of Eureka Math can benefit equally from the content presented. Each of the Eureka Math Curriculum Study Guides includes narratives that provide educators with an overview of what students should be learning throughout the year, information on alignment to the instructional shifts and the standards, design of curricular components, approaches to differentiated instruction, and descriptions of mathematical models. The Study Guides can serve as either a self-study professional development resource or as the basis for a deep group study of the standards for a particular grade. For teachers who are new to the classroom or the standards, the Study Guides introduce them not only to Eureka Math but also to the content of the grade level in a way they will find manageable and useful. Teachers familiar with the Eureka Math curriculum will also find this resource valuable as it allows for a meaningful study of the grade level content in a way that highlights the coherence between modules and topics. The Study Guides allow teachers to obtain a firm grasp on what it is that students should master during the year. The Eureka Math Curriculum Study Guide, Grade 3 provides an overview of all of the Grade 3 modules, including Properties of Multiplication and Division and Solving Problems with Units of 2–5 and 10; Place Value and Problem Solving with Units of Measure; Multiplication and Division with Units of 0, 1, 6–9, and Multiples of 10; Multiplication and Area; Fractions as Numbers on the Number Line; and Collecting and Displaying Data.

Download or read book Eureka Math Grade K Study Guide written by Great Minds and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-09-18 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eureka Math is a comprehensive, content-rich PreK–12 curriculum that follows the focus and coherence of the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics (CCSSM) and carefully sequences the mathematical progressions into expertly crafted instructional modules. The companion Study Guides to Eureka Math gather the key components of the curriculum for each grade into a single location, unpacking the standards in detail so that both users and non-users of Eureka Math can benefit equally from the content presented. Each of the Eureka Math Curriculum Study Guides includes narratives that provide educators with an overview of what students should be learning throughout the year, information on alignment to the instructional shifts and the standards, design of curricular components, approaches to differentiated instruction, and descriptions of mathematical models. The Study Guides can serve as either a self-study professional development resource or as the basis for a deep group study of the standards for a particular grade. For teachers who are new to the classroom or the standards, the Study Guides introduce them not only to Eureka Math but also to the content of the grade level in a way they will find manageable and useful. Teachers familiar with the Eureka Math curriculum will also find this resource valuable as it allows for a meaningful study of the grade level content in a way that highlights the coherence between modules and topics. The Study Guides allow teachers to obtain a firm grasp on what it is that students should master during the year. The Eureka Math Curriculum Study Guide, Grade K provides an overview of all of the Kindergarten modules, including Numbers to 10; Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Shapes; Comparison of Length, Weight, Capacity, and Numbers to 10; Number Pairs, Addition and Subtraction to 10; Numbers 10–20 and Counting to 10; and Analyzing Comparing and Composing Shapes.

Download or read book Eureka Math Grade 6 Study Guide written by Great Minds and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-04 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eureka Math is a comprehensive, content-rich PreK–12 curriculum that follows the focus and coherence of the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics (CCSSM) and carefully sequences the mathematical progressions into expertly crafted instructional modules. The companion Study Guides to Eureka Math gather the key components of the curriculum for each grade into a single location, unpacking the standards in detail so that both users and non-users of Eureka Math can benefit equally from the content presented. Each of the Eureka Math Curriculum Study Guides includes narratives that provide educators with an overview of what students should be learning throughout the year, information on alignment to the instructional shifts and the standards, design of curricular components, approaches to differentiated instruction, and descriptions of mathematical models. The Study Guides can serve as either a self-study professional development resource or as the basis for a deep group study of the standards for a particular grade. For teachers who are new to the classroom or the standards, the Study Guides introduce them not only to Eureka Math but also to the content of the grade level in a way they will find manageable and useful. Teachers familiar with the Eureka Math curriculum will also find this resource valuable as it allows for a meaningful study of the grade level content in a way that highlights the coherence between modules and topics. The Study Guides allow teachers to obtain a firm grasp on what it is that students should master during the year. The Eureka Math Curriculum Study Guide, Grade 6 provides an overview of all of the Grade 6 modules, including Ratios and Unit Rates; Arithmetic Operations Including Dividing by a Fraction; Rational Numbers; Expressions and Equations; Area, Surface Area, and Volume Problems; Statistics.

Download or read book Mathematics Framework for California Public Schools written by California. Curriculum Development and Supplemental Materials Commission and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Connecting Abstract Algebra to Secondary Mathematics for Secondary Mathematics Teachers written by Nicholas H. Wasserman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-12 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Secondary mathematics teachers are frequently required to take a large number of mathematics courses – including advanced mathematics courses such as abstract algebra – as part of their initial teacher preparation program and/or their continuing professional development. The content areas of advanced and secondary mathematics are closely connected. Yet, despite this connection many secondary teachers insist that such advanced mathematics is unrelated to their future professional work in the classroom. This edited volume elaborates on some of the connections between abstract algebra and secondary mathematics, including why and in what ways they may be important for secondary teachers. Notably, the volume disseminates research findings about how secondary teachers engage with, and make sense of, abstract algebra ideas, both in general and in relation to their own teaching, as well as offers itself as a place to share practical ideas and resources for secondary mathematics teacher preparation and professional development. Contributors to the book are scholars who have both experience in the mathematical preparation of secondary teachers, especially in relation to abstract algebra, as well as those who have engaged in related educational research. The volume addresses some of the persistent issues in secondary mathematics teacher education in connection to advanced mathematics courses, as well as situates and conceptualizes different ways in which abstract algebra might be influential for teachers of algebra. Connecting Abstract Algebra to Secondary Mathematics, for Secondary Mathematics Teachers is a productive resource for mathematics teacher educators who teach capstone courses or content-focused methods courses, as well as for abstract algebra instructors interested in making connections to secondary mathematics.

Download or read book Teaching School Mathematics Pre Algebra written by Hung-Hsi Wu: and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2016-06-29 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a systematic exposition of a major part of the mathematics of grades 5 to 8 (excluding statistics), written specifically for Common Core era teachers. It differs from other books for teachers in that the mathematics is correct, in the sense that all the concepts are clearly and correctly defined, and a grade-appropriate explanation (that is, proof) is given for every assertion. For example, it gives a precise definition of percent and explains how to use the definition to do all the standard problems about percent in an entirely routine manner. It also gives a leisurely explanation for “negative times negative is positive”. Another key feature is an intuitive introduction to plane geometry via rotations, translations, reflections, and dilations that, instead of treating these transformations as merely fun activities, shows how they make sense of the usual geometric topics in middle school, including congruence, similarity, length, area, and volume. In short, the readers will find in this volume a clear explanation of whatever was once puzzling to them in the mathematics of grades 5 to 8.