Download or read book Etudes des architectures des r seaux neuronaux codage spatio temporel de l information written by Marius Vasiliu and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les réseaux de neurones représentent une des voies possibles pour la réalisation des systèmes dits intelligents, capables d'apprendre, de reconnaître et de classifier des informations de natures et de supports très différents. Au-delà des approches classiques, les modèles des réseaux de neurones que nous proposons ici utilisent d'une manière homogène le temps et l'espace en considérant que l'information incidente est portée à l'entrée du réseau par des signaux spatio-temporels et que le traitement neuronal ne doit pas changer la nature spatio-temporelle de cette information. Le premier modèle de réseau que nous proposons bénéficie de la simplicité et de la robustesse des signaux en impulsions comme support de l'information. L'utilisation des délais synaptiques adaptatifs et des règles d'apprentissage d'inspiration Hebienne permet la mise en oeuvre des mécanismes d'auto synchronisation synaptique et de reconnaissance partagée des patterns complexes d'impulsions. Une autre famille de modèles, plus évoluée, est celle des réseaux spatio-temporels. Les principales caractéristiques sont l'organisation hiérarchique de l'architecture en assemblées, groupes et neurones, le caractère local, continu et non-supervise de l'apprentissage, la considération d'une topologie spatiale intrinsèque, au nombre variable de dimensions et, dernièrement, mais pas le moins important, un fonctionnement temporel du réseau base sur des délais synaptiques variables. La structure du réseau est traversée par deux flux d'information: le flot longitudinal oriente de l'entrée vers la sortie et le flot latéral, dans chaque assemblée, produit par les interactions neuronales latérales. les expériences d'application effectuées, telles que la reconnaissance de l'écriture manuscrite, de la parole ou des trajectoires d'objets dans un flot vidéo sont autant de confirmations de la versatilité et des fonctionnalités offertes par les architectures spatio-temporelles étudiées
Download or read book INTRODUCTION D UN CODAGE SPATIO TEMPOREL DANS LES ARCHITECTURES CLASSIQUES DE RESEAUX DE NEURONES ARTIFICIELS APPLICATION A LA RECONNAISSANCE DE CARACTERES MANUSCRITS written by NASSER.. MOZAYYANI and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DE NOS JOURS, IL EXISTE DIVERSES APPLICATIONS INDUSTRIELLES NECESSITANT LE TRAITEMENT DE FORMES SPATIO-TEMPORELLES (ST). IL S'AGIT DE DONNEES MULTI-DIMENSIONNELLES A LA FOIS CORRELEES DANS L'ESPACE ET DANS LE TEMPS, COMME PAR EXEMPLE UNE SEQUENCE ANIMEE D'IMAGES. LES MODELES CONNEXIONNISTES, SURTOUT CONNUS POUR LEUR CAPACITE A EXTRAIRE DES CORRELATIONS SPATIALES, COMMENCENT A PROPOSER DES SOLUTIONS POUR TRAITER DES FORMES ST. CE TRAVAIL PROPOSE D'ELARGIR LES CAPACITES DE PLUSIEURS MODELES DE RESEAUX DE NEURONES ARTIFICIELS (RNA) CONNUS AU TRAITEMENT DES FORMES ST COMPOSEES DE SIGNAUX IMPULSIONNELS. NOTRE APPROCHE REPOSE SUR UN CODAGE INTEGRANT LES CARACTERISTIQUES SPATIALES ET TEMPORELLES DES DONNEES. CE CODAGE EST DEFINI DANS LE CORPS DES COMPLEXES. L'UN DES DEUX DEGRES DE LIBERTE DE CES NOMBRES CODE L'AMPLITUDE DES IMPULSIONS, L'AUTRE EST CONSACRE A LA DATE DE CES IMPULSIONS. NOUS AVONS VALIDE NOTRE APPROCHE SUR LE PERCEPTRON MULTICOUCHE, LA CARTE DE KOHONEN ET LE RESEAU RBF. NOUS AVONS PAR AILLEURS TENTE D'INTEGRER NOTER CODAGE DANS LE MODELE DE HOPFIELD ET CONSTATE QUE LA DEMARCHE PRESENTE DANS CE CAS PEU D'INTERET. POUR ALLER AU DELA DE QUELQUES EXEMPLES ILLUSTRATIFS, LA DERNIERE PARTIE DE LA THESE EST CONSACREE A UNE APPLICATION CONCRETE DANS LE DOMAINE DE LA RECONNAISSANCE EN LIGNE DE CARACTERES MANUSCRITS ISOLES. LE TRACE D'UN CARACTERE PRODUIT, EN EFFET, DES INFORMATIONS DE NATURE ST PRENANT EN COMPTE A LA FOIS LA DISPOSITION DES POINTS ET LEUR ORDONNANCEMENT DANS LE TEMPS. NOUS PROPOSONS UN SYSTEME DE RECONNAISSANCE A DEUX ETAGES CONNEXIONNISTES : LE PREMIER IDENTIFIE CERTAINES PRIMITIVES DANS LE TRACE DES LETTRES ET LE DEUXIEME EFFECTUE LA TACHE DE RECONNAISSANCE. CE SYSTEME, DONT LES PERFORMANCES SUR DES BASES MULTISCRIPTEURS SONT PROMETTEUSES, PRESENTE L'AVANTAGE D'ETRE BEAUCOUP PLUS SIMPLE QUE CEUX EXISTANT PAR AILLEURS.
Download or read book Introduction d un codage spatio temporel dans les architectures classiques de r seaux de neurones artificiles written by Nasser Mozayyani and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: De nos jours, il existe diverses applications industrielles nécessitant le traitement de formes spatio-temporelles (ST). Il s'agit de données multi-dimensionnelles à la fois corrélées dans l'espace et dans le temps, comme par exemple une séquence animée d'images. Les modèles connexionnistes, surtout connus pour leur capacité à extraire des corrélations spatiales, commencent à proposer des solutions pour traiter des fomes ST. Ce travail propose d'élargir les capacités de plusieurs modèles de réseaux de neurones artificiels (RNA) connus au traitement des formes ST composées de signaux impulsionnels. Notre approche repose sur un codage intégrant les caractéristiques spatiales et temporelles des données. Ce codage est défini dans le corps des complexes. L'un des deux degrés de liberté de ces nombres code l'amplitude des impulsions, l'autre est consacré à la date de ces impulsions. Nous avons validé notre approche sur le percpetron multicouche, la carte de Kohonen et le réseau RBF. Nous avons par ailleurs tenté d'intégrer notre codage dans le modèle de Hopfield et constaté que la démarche présente dans ce cas peu d'intérêt. Pour aller au-delà de quelques exemples illustratifs, la dernière partie de la thèse est consacrée à une applicaiton concrète dans le domaine de la reconnaissance en ligne de caractères manuscrits isolés. Le tracé d'un caractère produit, en effet, des informations de nature ST prenant en compte à la fois la disposition des points et leur ordonnancement dans le temps. Nous proposons un système de reconnaissance à deux étages connexionnistes : Le premier identifie certaines primitives dans le tracé des lettres et le deuxième effectue la tâche de reconnaissance. Ce système, dont les performances sur des bases multiscripteurs sont prometteuses, présente l'avantage d'être beaucoup plus simple que ceux existant par ailleurs.
Download or read book Codage temporel et apprentissage dans les r seaux de neurones written by Jean-Christophe Ducom and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NOUS RAPPELONS DANS UN PREMIER TEMPS QUELQUES BASES DE NEUROBIOLOGIE SUR LES CARACTERISTIQUES ET LES PROPRIETES DU NEURONE, AINSI QUE SUR L'ORGANISATION GENERALE DES NEURONES DANS LE CERVEAU. CECI NOUS AMENE PAR LA SUITE A RECONSIDERER LES MODELES CLASSIQUES DE RESEAUX DE NEURONES FORMELS, A CAUSE DE LEUR MANQUE DE REALISME ET DE LEUR INCAPACITE A RESOUDRE CERTAINS PROBLEMES, TELS QUE LA SEGMENTATION ET LE LIAGE D'ATTRIBUTS VISUELS. OR, DE RECENTES EXPERIENCES SUR LE TRAITEMENT DE STIMULI PAR LE CORTEX VISUEL EXHIBENT UN NOUVEAU TYPE DE CODAGE DE L'INFORMATION, BASE SUR LES RELATIONS TEMPORELLES ENTRE LES DIFFERENTS POTENTIELS D'ACTION (EN PARTICULIER LA SYNCHRONISATION DE LEURS TEMPS D'EMISSION), ET NON PLUS SUR LA FREQUENCE DE DECHARGE DES NEURONES. A PARTIR DE LA VARIANTE DE CODAGE TEMPOREL DE S. THORPE, NOUS PROPOSONS UN MODELE DE PRESYNCHRONISATION D'ACTIVITE NEURONALE REPOSANT SUR UN COUPLAGE DIFFUSIF ENTRE NEURONES ET SUR UN SIGNAL INHIBITEUR. NOUS ETUDIONS LES PROPRIETES D'UN TEL RESEAU DE NEURONES REALISTES, DE TYPE INTEGRATEUR A SEUIL AVEC FUITE, SUIVANT DIFFERENTS TYPES DE SIGNAL D'ENTREE ET DE BRUIT. DANS UNE SECONDE PARTIE, NOUS ETUDIONS LES CONSEQUENCES DE L'INTRODUCTION DU TEMPS POUR L'APPRENTISSAGE: LES TEMPS DE TRANSMISSION DU SIGNAL ENTRE NEURONES SONT PRIS EN COMPTE. APRES AVOIR RAPPELE LES PRINCIPAUX RESULTATS EXPERIMENTAUX SUR L'APPRENTISSAGE, CEUX-CI PERMETTANT DE DEGAGER CERTAINES CONTRAINTES BIOLOGIQUES, NOUS PROPOSONS UNE LOI DE MODIFICATION DES EFFICACITES SYNAPTIQUES. ELLE PERMET AU RESEAU DE CONSERVER ET DE RECUPERER UNE SUITE DE CONFIGURATIONS D'ACTIVITE SPATIO-TEMPORELLE. ENFIN, NOUS ETUDIONS SES PROPRIETES LORSQUE CERTAINES CONTRAINTES DE NORMALISATION LUI SONT IMPOSEES AU NIVEAU DES VARIATIONS DES POIDS SYNAPTIQUES ; ON MONTRE ALORS QUE LE COMPORTEMENT DU RESEAU EST DIFFERENT SELON LA MANIERE UTILISEE POUR REALISER CES CONTRAINTES
Download or read book Cortex and Mind written by Joaquin M. Fuster and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a unique synthesis of the current neuroscience of cognition by one of the world's authorities in the field. The guiding principle to this synthesis is the tenet that the entirety of our knowledge is encoded by relations, and thus by connections, in neuronal networks of our cerebral cortex. Cognitive networks develop by experience on a base of widely dispersed modular cell assemblies representing elementary sensations and movements. As they develop cognitive networks organize themselves hierarchically by order of complexity or abstraction of their content. Because networks intersect profusely, sharing commong nodes, a neuronal assembly anywhere in the cortex can be part of many networks, and therefore many items of knowledge. All cognitive functions consist of neural transactions within and between cognitive networks. After reviewing the neurobiology and architecture of cortical networks (also named cognits), the author undertakes a systematic study of cortical dynamics in each of the major cognitive functions--perception, memory, attention, language, and intelligence. In this study, he makes use of a large body of evidence from a variety of methodologies, in the brain of the human as well as the nonhuman primate. The outcome of his interdisciplinary endeavor is the emergence of a structural and dynamic order in the cerebral cortex that, though still sketchy and fragmentary, mirrors with remarkable fidelity the order in the human mind.
Download or read book Wadi Flash Floods written by Tetsuya Sumi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-11 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book brings together research studies, developments, and application-related flash flood topics on wadi systems in arid regions. The major merit of this comprehensive book is its focus on research and technical papers as well as case study applications in different regions worldwide that cover many topics and answer several scientific questions. The book chapters comprehensively and significantly highlight different scientific research disciplines related to wadi flash floods, including climatology, hydrological models, new monitoring techniques, remote sensing techniques, field investigations, international collaboration projects, risk assessment and mitigation, sedimentation and sediment transport, and groundwater quality and quantity assessment and management. In this book, the contributing authors (engineers, researchers, and professionals) introduce their recent scientific findings to develop suitable, applicable, and innovative tools for forecasting, mitigation, and water management as well as society development under seven main research themes as follows: Part 1. Wadi Flash Flood Challenges and Strategies Part 2. Hydrometeorology and Climate Changes Part 3. Rainfall–Runoff Modeling and Approaches Part 4. Disaster Risk Reduction and Mitigation Part 5. Reservoir Sedimentation and Sediment Yield Part 6. Groundwater Management Part 7. Application and Case Studies The book includes selected high-quality papers from five series of the International Symposium on Flash Floods in Wadi Systems (ISFF) that were held in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2020 in Japan, Egypt, Oman, Morocco, and Japan, respectively. These collections of chapters could provide valuable guidance and scientific content not only for academics, researchers, and students but also for decision-makers in the MENA region and worldwide.
Download or read book The Dawn of Farming in the Near East written by Rijksuniversiteit te Groningen. Instituut voor Archeologie and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Naher Osten - Neolithisierung - Jäger und Sammler.
Download or read book Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention MICCAI 2012 written by Nicholas Ayache and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-08-28 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three-volume set LNCS 7510, 7511, and 7512 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2012, held in Nice, France, in October 2012. Based on rigorous peer reviews, the program committee carefully selected 252 revised papers from 781 submissions for presentation in three volumes. The third volume includes 79 papers organized in topical sections on diffusion imaging: from acquisition to tractography; image acquisition, segmentation and recognition; image registration; neuroimage analysis; analysis of microscopic and optical images; image segmentation; diffusion weighted imaging; computer-aided diagnosis and planning; and microscopic image analysis.
Download or read book Cajal s Neuronal Forest written by Javier DeFelipe and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection contains hundreds of beautiful rarely-seen-before figures produced throughout the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century by famed father-of-modern-neuroscience Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934) and his contemporaries. Cajal was captivated by the beautiful shapes of the cells of the nervous system. He and his fellow scientists saw neurons as trees and glial cells as bushes. Given their high density and arrangement, neurons and glial resembled a thick forest, a seemingly impenetrable terrain of interacting cells mediating cognition and behavior.
Download or read book Predicting Structured Data written by Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State-of-the-art algorithms and theory in a novel domain of machine learning, prediction when the output has structure.
Download or read book Neurobiology of Umwelt written by Alain Berthoz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-14 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the beginning of the 20th century, German biologist Jakob von Uexküll created the concept of "Umwelt" to denote the environment as experienced by a subject. This concept of environment differs from the idea of passive surroundings and is defined not just by physical surroundings, but is rather a "subjective universe", a space weighted with meaning. Today, neuroscience provides a new way to look at the brain’s capability to create a representation of the world. At the same time behavioural specialists are demonstrating that animals have a richer mental universe than previously known. Philosophical reflection thus finds itself with more experimental and objective data as well. Nearly a century after the publication of von Uexküll’s founding work ("Umwelt und Innenwelt der Tiere" was published in 1909), neurobiologists, psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, ethologists, and philosophers revisit his mail concept at the light of modern science
Download or read book Chemical Principles of Textile Conservation written by Agnes Timar-Balazsy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-09-10 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Chemical Principles of Textile Conservation' provides must-have knowledge for conservators who do not always have a scientific background. This vital book brings together from many sources the material science necessary to understand the properties, deterioration and investigation of textile artefacts. It also aids understanding of the chemical processes during various treatments, such as: cleaning; humidification; drying; disinfestation; disinfection; and the use of adhesives and consolidants in conservation of historical textiles. Textile conservators will now have ready access to the necessary knowledge to understand the chemistry of the objects they are asked to treat and to make informed decisions about how to preserve textiles. The combination of a chemist and a conservator provides the perfect authorial team. It ensures a unique dual function of the text which provides textile conservators with vital chemical knowledge and gives scientists an understanding of textile conservation necessary to direct their research. The many practical examples and case studies illustrate the utility of the relatively large chemical introduction and the essential chemical information which is included. The case studies, many illustrated in colour, range from the treatment of the Ghandis' clothes, high-altitude flying suits and a Mary Quant raincoat, to the Hungarian Coronation Mantle.
Download or read book An Introduction to Computational Learning Theory written by Michael J. Kearns and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1994-08-15 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasizing issues of computational efficiency, Michael Kearns and Umesh Vazirani introduce a number of central topics in computational learning theory for researchers and students in artificial intelligence, neural networks, theoretical computer science, and statistics. Emphasizing issues of computational efficiency, Michael Kearns and Umesh Vazirani introduce a number of central topics in computational learning theory for researchers and students in artificial intelligence, neural networks, theoretical computer science, and statistics. Computational learning theory is a new and rapidly expanding area of research that examines formal models of induction with the goals of discovering the common methods underlying efficient learning algorithms and identifying the computational impediments to learning. Each topic in the book has been chosen to elucidate a general principle, which is explored in a precise formal setting. Intuition has been emphasized in the presentation to make the material accessible to the nontheoretician while still providing precise arguments for the specialist. This balance is the result of new proofs of established theorems, and new presentations of the standard proofs. The topics covered include the motivation, definitions, and fundamental results, both positive and negative, for the widely studied L. G. Valiant model of Probably Approximately Correct Learning; Occam's Razor, which formalizes a relationship between learning and data compression; the Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension; the equivalence of weak and strong learning; efficient learning in the presence of noise by the method of statistical queries; relationships between learning and cryptography, and the resulting computational limitations on efficient learning; reducibility between learning problems; and algorithms for learning finite automata from active experimentation.
Download or read book The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory written by Vladimir Vapnik and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to discuss the fundamental ideas which lie behind the statistical theory of learning and generalization. It considers learning as a general problem of function estimation based on empirical data. Omitting proofs and technical details, the author concentrates on discussing the main results of learning theory and their connections to fundamental problems in statistics. This second edition contains three new chapters devoted to further development of the learning theory and SVM techniques. Written in a readable and concise style, the book is intended for statisticians, mathematicians, physicists, and computer scientists.
Download or read book Mathematical Morphology and Its Applications to Image and Signal Processing written by Pierre Soille and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-24 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Mathematical Morphology, ISMM 2011 held in Verbania-Intra, Italy in July 2011. It is a collection of 39 revised full papers, from which 27 were selected for oral and 12 for poster presentation, from a total of 49 submissions. Moreover, the book features two invited contributions in the fields of remote sensing, image analysis and scientific visualization. The papers are organized in thematic sections on theory, lattices and order, connectivity, image analysis, processing and segmentation, adaptive morphology, algorithms, remote sensing, visualization, and applications.
Download or read book Medical image computing and computer assisted intervention written by Nicholas Ayache and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Simplexity written by Alain Berthoz and published by Odile Jacob. This book was released on 2018-12-20 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Simplexity, as I understand it, is the range of solutions living organisms have found, despite the complexity of natural processes, to enable the brain to prepare an action and plan for the consequences of it. These solutions are simplifying principles that enable the processing of information or situations, by taking into account past experience and anticipating the future. They are neither caricatures, shortcuts, or summaries. They are new ways of asking questions, sometimes at the cost of occasional detours, in order to achieve faster, more elegant, more effective actions.” A. B. As Alain Berthoz demonstrates in this profoundly original book, simplicity is never easy; it requires suppressing, selecting, connecting, thinking, in order to then act in the best way possible. And what if we, in turn, are inspired by the living world to process the complexity that surrounds us? Alain Berthoz is professor at the Collège de France where he is co-director of the Laboratoire de physiologie de la perception et de l’action. [Laboratory for the physiology of perception and action]. He is a member of the French Academy of Sciences, and is the author of Le Sens du mouvement [The Brain's Sense of Movement] and La Décision [Emotion and Reason].
