Download or read book Estrogen Effects on Traumatic Brain Injury written by Kelli A Duncan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-12-29 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demystifies, deconstructs, and simultaneously humanizes the field of estrogen-mediated neuroprotection following TBI, making the subject approachable to both researchers and advanced students. Bringing together leading researchers and practitioners to explain the basis for their work, methods, and their results, chapters explore what is known about the role of estrogens following damage to the brain. With topics covering induction of estrogen response, consequences of estrogen action, and mechanisms underlying estrogen mediated neuroprotection, Estrogen Effects on Traumatic Brain Injury is of great importance to teachers, researchers, and clinicians interested in the role that estrogens play following traumatic brain injury. - Written to provide a foundational view of estrogens as neuroprotectors in TBI, appropriate for both researchers and advanced students - Data Analysis boxes in each chapter help with data interpretation and offer guidelines on how best to understand results - A multidisciplinary approach to the methods, issues, empirical findings in the field of estrogen mediated neuroprotection - Detailed focus on how studies relate and build upon each other and the ways different methods of analysis inform each other - Written to provide clinicians with new and developing treatment options for patients in their field

Download or read book The Effects of Oestrogen and Progesterone on Outcome Following Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats written by Christine A. O'Connor and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book New Therapeutics for Traumatic Brain Injury written by Kim Heidenreich and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-09-27 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Therapeutics for Traumatic Brain Injury: Prevention of Secondary Brain Damage and Enhancement of Repair and Regeneration explores traumatic brain injury (TBI), a major cause of death and disability throughout the world. The delayed nature of the secondary injury phase suggests that there is a therapeutic window for pharmacological interventions or other approaches to prevent progressive tissue damage and improve functional outcomes. It is now apparent that therapeutic interventions should entail both protective and repair/regeneration strategies depending on the phase of brain injury. This book describes emerging experimental strategies for the treatment of TBI, including new anti-inflammatory or anti-apoptotic therapeutics that limit brain damage, and novel or repurposed drugs that enhance repair or regeneration of the brain after injury. Comprehensive overview of basic approaches and translational development of new therapies for TBI Edited by a prominent TBI researcher that includes contributions by leading global researchers in the field Presents a great resource for researchers and practitioners to learn more about the many evolving preclinical studies and clinical trials currently underway, and the challenges of bringing translational studies in TBI to the clinic

Download or read book Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury written by Daniel Laskowitz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme

Download or read book Brain Edema XII written by T. Kuroiwa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain edema is a simple phenomenon – an abnormal increase of brain tissue volume by the increase of brain tissue water content. However the etiology is not simple and relating to a wide variety of neurological disorders including ischemia, trauma, tumor, hemorrhage and hydrocephalus. It is still a major cause of death in the neurological/neurosurgical ward. This volume is an up-to-date report on progress in brain edema research, diagnosis and treatment, including papers presented at the 12th International Symposium on Brain Edema and Brain Tissue Injury in 2002. Major topics include molecular biology and blood-brain barrier disorders, ischemic and traumatic brain edema, imaging and diagnosis of brain edema, treatment and radiation effect. Various papers in the rapidly growing fields of neuroimaging and molecular medicine are also included.

Download or read book How Does Traumatic Brain Injury Affect the Synthesis of Hormones of Reproduction in the Brain written by William Wiggins and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause death, cognitive deficits, and permanently debilitating neurologic damage. In recent years, there have been many studies that aim to discover endogenous methods for the treatment of TBI. 17-Îø estradiol (E2) is the main form of estrogen in vertebrates and is being studied for its role in neuroprotection. E2 has been known to mitigate neuronal damage and prevent secondary degeneration following TBI. Aromatase, the enzyme which converts androgens to estrogens and is crucial for E2 synthesis. In mammals and birds, aromatase is upregulated following injury to the brain in reactive astroglia, which is more robust in birds and peaks 24 hours post injury. This causes less secondary damage and neuronal loss following TBI. Mammals upregulate aromatase 7 days' post injury increasing the chances of damage caused by TBI. This makes the zebra finch an excellent model to study neuroprotection. There have also been many studies examining the role of other hormones which may prove to be neuroprotective. Specifically, hormones of reproduction which are responsible for pregnancy, parental behavior and protecting the offspring during development, have been found to be neuroprotective in rats and mice. This experiment aims to investigate whether the effect of TBI has an impact on the synthesis of hormones of pregnancy, parental behavior, and bonding (progesterone, prolactin, and oxytocin). Specifically, to examine mRNA expression after injury to the brain at 48 hours and 8 days' post injury in male and female zebra finches. This study showed an upregulation in aromatase following injury at 48 hours and 8 days in male and female zebra finches, However, this experiment was not able detect the expression of 3ÎøHSD, PRL or OT mRNA. This data suggests that further research needs to be done to examine the effect of TBI on peripheral changes to oxytocin, examining alternate time points, and investigating the expression of these hormones using protein analysis.

Download or read book Nutrition and Traumatic Brain Injury written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-07-01 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for up to one-third of combat-related injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan, according to some estimates. TBI is also a major problem among civilians, especially those who engage in certain sports. At the request of the Department of Defense, the IOM examined the potential role of nutrition in the treatment of and resilience against TBI.

Download or read book On the Basis of Sex Impact on Traumatic Brain Injury written by T. John Wu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-10-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Estradiol Synthesized by Reactive Glia is a Potent Anti inflammatory in the Injured Vertebrate Brain written by Alyssa Pedersen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury (TBI) may have detrimental and beneficial effects that likely differ between the acute and chronic periods post-trauma. In birds and mammals, traumatic brain injury increases the expression of cytokines in microglia and aromatase ( estrogen synthase) in astroglia. In the songbird, TBI-induced synthesis of estrogens by glial aromatization is neuroprotective as aromatase inhibition and replacement with estradiol (E2) exacerbates and mitigates the extent of damage and apoptosis, respectively. The effect of glial estrogens on inflammation, however, remains unstudied. We hypothesized that induced astrocytic aromatization may affect neuroinflammation following TBI, via the synthesis of neural E2 around the site of damage. In three separate experiments on adult zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) of both sexes we tested the influence of (a) mechanical TBI, (b) inhibition of induced aromatase expression, and (c) inhibition of induced aromatase with central E2 replacement, on the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6, and aromatase. At 2-hour post-injury, in both sexes, TBI increased, and tended to elevate, TNFalpha and IL-1beta respectively. At 24-hour post-injury, also in both sexes, cytokines appeared to have returned to baseline, but aromatase is robustly elevated in the lobe that sustained TBI. Pharmacological inhibition of induced aromatization resulted in persistent neuroinflammation, as administration of fadrozole increased IL-1beta in females and TNFalpha in males 24 hour following TBI. This prolonged neuroinflammation following aromatase inhibition appears to be due to a failure to synthesize E2 locally, since E2 replacement lowered TNFalpha and IL-1beta relative to fadrozole alone. IL-6 was not affected by TBI, aromatase inhibition or E2 replacement in either sex. These data suggest that astrocytic E2 synthesis following TBI is a potent and inducible anti-inflammatory signal, with specific modulation of discrete cytokine signaling. Induced neural provision of E2 following damage and compromise of central pathways may protect the brain from the deleterious effects of prolonged neuroinflammation.

Download or read book The Neuroprotective Effects of Z bisdehydrodoisynolic Acid Following Traumatic Brain Injury written by Steven L. Neese and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiment 3 attempted to determine if Z-BDDA treatment reduced edema following CCI injury in young male rats. Analysis of percent brain water 50 hours following injury revealed a Z-BDDA induced decrease in hippocampal edema ipsilaterally in comparison to controls. No other differences were found.

Download or read book The Effects of Estrogen on Brain Function written by Natalie L. Rasgon and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2006-05-05 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely volume reviews current data on the effects of estrogen on the central nervous system, highlighting clinical aspects of this topic. Experts from the fields of psychiatry, pharmacology, neurology, and geriatrics collaborate to clarify the known risks and benefits of hormone therapy and explore questions that remain to be elucidated. Among the topics discussed: " Preclinical data on estrogen's effects on cognitive performance " The short-lived effects of hormone replacement therapy on cognitive function " Structural and functional brain imaging data regarding estrogen's effects on the central nervous system " Preclinical efforts to develop effective NeuroSERMs for the brain " The effects of estrogen on mood Citing the ongoing confusion over the risks and benefits of estrogen therapy, the contributors emphasize the need for additional research on medication, doses, preparations, methods of administration, alternative therapies, and supplements. This volume educates researchers, clinicians, and students on the current knowledge—including the effects of estrogen on mood, cognition, and brain metabolism—and provides guidelines for clinical practice and future research. Contributors: Roberta Diaz Brinton, Ph.D., University of Southern California; Cheri L. Geist, B.A., David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles; Robert B. Gibbs, Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy; Eva Hogervorst, Ph.D., University of Loughborough and University of Oxford; Pauline M. Maki, Ph.D., Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of Illinois–Chicago; Peter J. Schmidt, M.D., National Institute of Mental Health; Daniel H. S. Silverman, M.D., Ph.D., David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles; Katherine E. Williams, M.D., Stanford University School of Medicine; Kristine Yaffe, M.D., University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco VA Medical Center; Laurel N. Zappert, B.A., Stanford University School of Medicine; Liqin Zhao, Ph.D., University of Southern California

Download or read book The Female Brain written by Louann Brizendine, MD and published by Harmony. This book was released on 2007-08-07 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Dr. Brizendine wrote The Female Brain ten years ago, the response has been overwhelming. This New York Times bestseller has been translated into more than thirty languages, has sold nearly a million copies between editions, and has most recently inspired a romantic comedy starring Whitney Cummings and Sofia Vergara. And its profound scientific understanding of the nature and experience of the female brain continues to guide women as they pass through life stages, to help men better understand the girls and women in their lives, and to illuminate the delicate emotional machinery of a love relationship. Why are women more verbal than men? Why do women remember details of fights that men can’t remember at all? Why do women tend to form deeper bonds with their female friends than men do with their male counterparts? These and other questions have stumped both sexes throughout the ages. Now, pioneering neuropsychiatrist Louann Brizendine, M.D., brings together the latest findings to show how the unique structure of the female brain determines how women think, what they value, how they communicate, and who they love. While doing research as a medical student at Yale and then as a resident and faculty member at Harvard, Louann Brizendine discovered that almost all of the clinical data in existence on neurology, psychology, and neurobiology focused exclusively on males. In response to the overwhelming need for information on the female mind, Brizendine established the first clinic in the country to study and treat women’s brain function. In The Female Brain, Dr. Brizendine distills all her findings and the latest information from the scientific community in a highly accessible book that educates women about their unique brain/body/behavior. The result: women will come away from this book knowing that they have a lean, mean, communicating machine. Men will develop a serious case of brain envy.

Download or read book Brain Neurotrauma written by Firas H. Kobeissy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-02-25 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries.

Download or read book Trauma Induced Coagulopathy written by Hunter B. Moore and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-12 with total page 802 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of this publication was aimed at defining the current concepts of trauma induced coagulopathy by critically analyzing the most up-to-date studies from a clinical and basic science perspective. It served as a reference source for any clinician interested in reviewing the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of the coagulopathic trauma patient, and the data that supports it. By meticulously describing the methodology of most traditional as well as state of the art coagulation assays the reader is provided with a full understanding of the tests that are used to study trauma induced coagulopathy. With the growing interest in understanding and managing coagulation in trauma, this second edition has been expanded to 46 chapters from its original 35 to incorporate the massive global efforts in understanding, diagnosing, and treating trauma induced coagulopathy. The evolving use of blood products as well as recently introduced hemostatic medications is reviewed in detail. The text provides therapeutic strategies to treat specific coagulation abnormalities following severe injury, which goes beyond the first edition that largely was based on describing the mechanisms causing coagulation abnormalities. Trauma Induced Coagulopathy 2nd Edition is a valuable reference to clinicians that are faced with specific clinical challenges when managing coagulopathy.

Download or read book Investigation of the Effects of Oestrogen in Rodent Models of Cerebral Ischaemia and Brain Injury written by Kirsty Gordon and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sex Hormones in Neurodegenerative Processes and Diseases written by Gorazd Drevensek and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-05-02 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides chapters on sex hormones and their modulation in neurodegenerative processes and pathologies, from basic molecular mechanisms, physiology, gender differences, to neuroprotection and clinical aspects for potential novel pharmacotherapy approaches. The book contains 14 chapters written by authors from various biomedical professions, from basic researchers in biology and physiology to medicine and veterinary medicine, pharmacologists, psychiatrist, etc. Chapters sum up the past and current knowledge on sex hormones, representing original new insights into their role in brain functioning, mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The book is written for a broad range of audience, from biomedical students to highly profiled medical specialists and biomedical researchers, helping them to expand their knowledge on sex hormones in neurodegenerative processes and opening new questions for further investigation.

Download or read book Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults written by Jens O. L. Jørgensen and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been known for over 40 years that GH-deficient-children benefit from replacement with the hormone. But GH, essential for longitudinal growth, also plays a role after completion of final height. With the introduction of biosynthetic human GH 20 years ago, the use of GH was no longer restricted to severe growth retardation in hypopituitary children. This book will take the reader behind the myths of GH and into the real world of clinical endocrinology. The contributions stem from recognized clinicians and scientists who have been working in the field for decades. The contents encompass traditional end points of GH therapy such as body composition, bone biology and physical performance. Attention is also devoted to diagnostic aspects and side effects. Additional features range from clinical epidemiology to quality of life, and novel areas such as the impact of traumatic brain injury on pituitary function are also covered. The present volume of Frontiers of Hormone Research is essential reading for health care professionals interested in clinical endocrinology and GH.