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Book Estrategias y modalidades de ingreso para competir en mercados internacionales

Download or read book Estrategias y modalidades de ingreso para competir en mercados internacionales written by Luigi Zingone and published by Universidad de Alicante. This book was released on 2014-07-15 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: El entorno competitivo de la economía actual ha obligado a muchas empresas a buscar alternativas de crecimiento cuando el mercado doméstico no es suficiente para ubicar toda la oferta. En muchos casos, estas alternativas se dirigen hacia la conquista de mercados exteriores. El objetivo de esta monografía es el análisis de las opciones estratégicas y de los modos de entrada disponibles para las empresas. Los autores desarrollan los factores que determinan la selección de unas estrategias de internacionalización frente a otras: los recursos específicos, la armonía con las estrategias de empresa, el entorno competitivo, las políticas de marketing internacional o la organización de las operaciones exteriores. No existe un modelo que sea válido para todas las empresas, sino que es su propia situación y sus particularidades las que dictan las mejores directrices de su expansión exterior. Luigi Zingone es profesor de la Universidad e-Campus de Novedrate (Italia). Sus líneas de investigación están enfocadas en sistemas de información en las organizaciones, comunicación interna y externa en la empresa y estrategias competitivas. Felipe Ruiz Moreno es profesor titular del Departamento de Marketing de la Universidad de Alicante. Sus estudios se centran en estrategias competitivas, marketing internacional y responsabilidad social corporativa.

Book Tierra Vacante en Ciudades Latinoamericanas

Download or read book Tierra Vacante en Ciudades Latinoamericanas written by Nora Clichevsky and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vacant urban land--the product of land market activity, the actions of private agents, and the policies of public agents--is an important challenge for policy makers. Vacant lots on the urban fringe and in central and interstitial areas have affected growth patterns in Latin America. Contributors to this book analyze the problems and opportunities related to vacant urban land in five cities: Buenos Aires, Argentina; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Quito, Ecuador; Lima, Perú; and San Salvador, El Salvador.

Book Notas sobre la econom  a y el desarrollo

Download or read book Notas sobre la econom a y el desarrollo written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Fundamentals of Marketing

Download or read book Fundamentals of Marketing written by Miguel Santesmases Mestre and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the English edition of the first marketing book in Spanish to be adapted to the European Space for Higher Education, which has been written with the new requirements of the recent official degrees in mind. In addition to its theoretical presentation illustrated with many examples, each chapter starts with a business situation, and closes with a case study with practice topics, key terms and review questions, along with related Internet links and specific bibliography. In addition, teachers and students are provided with complementary on-line material on the book’s website: www.miguelsantesmases.com/fm.htm This textbook presents the fundamentals of marketing, the market, the consumer’s environment and behaviour, the marketing research, and the information systems. It later goes deeper into the marketing tools (product and services management, pricing, communication, sales, distribution and, lastly, the marketing plan), all supported by examples and case studies. Chapters dealing with relationship marketing, customer relations management, new communication technologies and emerging marketing techniques have also been included. Fundamentals of Marketing offers a modern approach, adapted to the new teaching methodologies which will make both the teaching and learning of the principles of marketing much easier.

Book Copiar el ed  n

Download or read book Copiar el ed n written by María Berríos and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzes the evolution of contemporary art in Chile from 1973 to 2007. This edition reproduces more than 500 color images of works by 74 contemporary artists (selected by editor Mosquera) including names such as: Juan Downey, Carlos Arias, (Santiago, Chile, 1964); Juan Castillo, (Antofagasta, 1952); Eugenio Dittborn, (Santiago, Chile, 1943); Paz Errzuriz, (Santiago, Chile, 1944); Volupsa Jarpa, (Rancagua, 1971); Carlos Leppe, (Santiago, Chile, 1952); and Carolina Ruff, (Santiago, Chile, 1973), as well as younger generation artists. The artists are presented in alphabetical order with brief introductory texts. Each reproduced work is rigorously documented with a caption that, in addition to providing the technical data offers the reader a description of the work for better comprehension. Six essays by noted critics and art historians: Guillermo Machuca, Mar̕a Berr̕os, Justo Pastor Mellado, Catalina Mena, Nelly Richard y Adriana V̀lads (description provided by vendor).

Book International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management

Download or read book International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The understanding that some pesticides are more hazardous than others is well established. Recognition of this is reflected by the World Health Organization (WHO) Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard, which was first published in 1975. The document classifies pesticides in one of five hazard classes according to their acute toxicity. In 2002, the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) was introduced, which in addition to acute toxicity also provides classification of chemicals according to their chronic health hazards and environmental hazards.

Book Design and Appraisal of Rural Transport Infrastructure

Download or read book Design and Appraisal of Rural Transport Infrastructure written by Jerry Lebo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Printed on Demand. Limited stock is held for this title. If you would like to order 30 copies or more please contact [email protected] Contact [email protected], if currently unavailable. This paper is part of a four-volume series of publications on rural transport promoted by the World Bank's Rural Transport Thematic Group under the aegis of its knowledge management activities. The four volumes are Options for Managing and Financing Rural Transport Infrastructure, Improving Rural Mobility, Developing Rural Transport Policies and Strategies, and this paper on Design and Appraisal of Rural Transport Infrastructure.

Book The Forbidden Religion

    Book Details:
  • Author : Jose M. Herrou Aragon
  • Publisher : José M. Herrou Aragón
  • Release : 2012-07-03
  • ISBN : 1471725693
  • Pages : 107 pages

Download or read book The Forbidden Religion written by Jose M. Herrou Aragon and published by José M. Herrou Aragón. This book was released on 2012-07-03 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gnosis means knowledge. But we are not referring to just any knowledge. Gnosis is knowledge which produces a great transformation in those who receive it. Knowledge capable of nothing less than waking up man and helping him to escape from the prison in which he finds himself. That is why Gnosis has been so persecuted throughout the course of history, because it is knowledge considered dangerous for the religious and political authorities who govern mankind from the shadows. Every time this religion, absolutely different from the rest, appears before man, the other religions unite to try to destroy or hide it again. Primordial Gnosis is the original Gnosis, true Gnosis, eternal Gnosis, Gnostic knowledge in its pure form. Due to multiple persecutions, Primordial Gnosis has been fragmented, distorted and hidden.

Book Employment in Metropolitan Areas

Download or read book Employment in Metropolitan Areas written by United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Land Tenure and Rural Development

Download or read book Land Tenure and Rural Development written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by FAO. This book was released on 2002 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication deals with key issues in land tenure, especially as they relate to food insecurity and rural development situations. Land tenure issues are frequently ignored in rural development interventions, with often long-lasting, negative results. This guide is designed to assist technical officers in governments and civil society in understanding why and how land tenure issues should be considered in rural development projects. It analyses important contexts such as environmental degradation, gender discrimination, and conflicts, where land tenure is currently of critical concern.

Book OECD Communications Outlook 2011

Download or read book OECD Communications Outlook 2011 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2011-07-27 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eleventh biennial OECD Communications Outlook examines recent developments in the communications sector, which has emerged from the global financial crisis (GFC) with a resilience and underlying strength reflecting its critical role in today’s economies.

Book The Future of Tourism

Download or read book The Future of Tourism written by Eduardo Fayos-Solà and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-22 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the foundations for the future of tourism in a structured and detailed format. The who-is-who of tourism intelligence has collaborated to present a definitive blueprint for tourism reflecting the role of science, market institutions, and governance in its innovation and sustainability. The book adopts a comprehensive approach, exploring recent research and the latest developments in practice to inform the reader about instruments and actions that can shape a successful future for tourism. Broad in scope, the book incorporates the perspectives of leading tourism academics, as well as the views of tourism entrepreneurs, destination managers, government officials, and civil leaders. The book is divided into three parts, the first of which addresses the scientific facets of innovation, analyzing the challenges and opportunities that technology provides for organic and disruptive developments in tourism, which will shape its future. In turn, the second part examines socio-cultural paradigms – with a view to dismantling traditional barriers to innovation. It also explores the role of heritage and the ethics of inclusiveness as drivers for sustainable tourism. The third part investigates new ways and means in governance and policy making for tourism. It introduces advances such as strategic positioning, symbiotic partnerships, and innovative management, and closes by presenting governance frameworks for an inclusive and sustainable future of tourism.

Book Food and Agricultural Development

Download or read book Food and Agricultural Development written by United States. Agency for International Development and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Heritage Machine

Download or read book The Heritage Machine written by Pablo Alonso González and published by Pluto Press (UK). This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A radical critique of the heritage industries.

Book Pol  ticas de marketing internacional  UF1782

Download or read book Pol ticas de marketing internacional UF1782 written by Carmen Arenal Laza and published by TUTOR FORMACIÓN. This book was released on 2019-09-03 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Este Manual es el más adecuado para impartir la UF1782 "Políticas de marketing internacional" de los Certificados de Profesionalidad, y cumple fielmente con los contenidos del Real Decreto. Puede solicitar gratuitamente las soluciones a todas las actividades en el email [email protected] Capacidades que se adquieren con este Manual: - Identificar las variables de marketing para la toma de decisiones en la internacionalización de la empresa. - Analizar las características de los productos y/o servicios de la empresa y los competidores para proponer estrategias y acciones relacionadas con la política internacional de producto. - Analizar las variables que influyen en el precio de los productos y/o servicios en los mercados internacionales, con el objeto de diseñar la política internacional de precios adecuada a las estrategias y objetivos de la empresa. - Identificar las variables que influyen en la política internacional de comunicación, con el fin de diseñar y ejecutar las acciones necesarias para la consecución de los objetivos y el desarrollo de las estrategias de la organización. - Analizar la estructura de la distribución en los mercados internacionales, para seleccionar las formas de acceso y los canales de distribución más adecuados a las políticas y estrategias de la empresa. Índice: Internacionalización de la empresa 8 1. Introducción. 9 2. La decisión de internacionalización de la empresa. 10 2.1. Motivos. 10 2.2. Obstáculos. 12 3. Etapas del proceso de internacionalización. 16 3.1. Exportación ocasional o pasiva. 16 3.2. Exportación experimental o activa. 17 3.3. Exportación regular o consolidación. 17 3.4. Establecimiento de subsidiarias comerciales. 18 3.5. Establecimiento de subsidiarias de producción en el exterior. 18 4. Las variables de marketing en la internacionalización de la empresa. 20 4.1. Definición y alcance del marketing mix. 20 5. Resumen. 24 6. Autoevaluación. 25 Política de producto en el marketing internacional 27 1. Introducción. 28 2. Atributos del producto. 29 2.1. Atributos internos. 29 2.2. Atributos externos. 30 2.3. Atributos intangibles 31 3. El ciclo de vida del producto. 33 3.1. Planteamiento y significado del modelo. 33 3.2. Fases del ciclo de vida del producto. 33 3.3. Estrategias basadas en la fase del ciclo vida por la que atraviesa el producto. 35 4. Estandarización/adaptación de los productos en los mercados internacionales. 41 4.1. La decisión sobre la estandarización o adaptación de productos en mercados internacionales. 41 4.2. Adaptaciones voluntarias y discrecionales. 41 4.3. Adaptaciones obligatorias. 43 5. La cartera de productos internacional. 45 5.1. Concepto de cartera y línea de productos. 45 5.2. Decisiones sobre la cartera internacional de productos. 46 5.3. Las fases de desarrollo del lanzamiento de nuevos productos en el mercado internacional. 46 5.4. El análisis de la matriz Boston Consulting Group. 48 6. La marca. 51 6.1. Concepto, alcance y significado. 51 6.2. El posicionamiento de la marca. 52 6.3. Estrategias de marca internacional: marca global y marca local. 55 7. La política de producto en los mercados online. 57 8. Resumen. 58 9. Autoevaluación. 59 Política de precio en el marketing internacional 61 1. Introducción. 62 2. Análisis de la variable precio como instrumento del marketing internacional. 63 3. Estandarización/adaptación de precios internacionales. 67 4. Factores que influyen en la determinación de precios internacionales. 69 4.1. La competencia. 69 4.2. La elasticidad de la oferta y la demanda. 72 4.3. Factores psicológicos. 73 4.4. Aspectos legales. 74 4.5. Los tipos de cambio. 74 4.6. Los diferenciales de inflación. 75 4.7. Políticas arancelarias. 76 5. Análisis de rentabilidad. 78 5.1. El punto muerto o umbral de rentabilidad. 78 5.2. Determinación de los márgenes comerciales. 79 6. Estrategias de precios. 82 6.1. Estrategias para productos nuevos. 82 6.2. Estrategias de precios de prestigio. 82 6.3. Estrategias de precios orientadas a la competencia. 83 6.4. Estrategias de precios para cartera de productos. 84 6.5. Estrategias diferenciales. 85 7. Cotización de precios internacionales. 86 7.1. Los costes de marketing y comercialización de productos internacionales. 86 7.2. Incoterms. 87 7.3. Aspectos particulares de la determinación de precios y costes en los mercados digitales. 88 8. Resumen. 90 9. Autoevaluación. 91 Política de comunicación de marketing internacional 93 1. Introducción. 94 2. La comunicación en el marketing: concepto y funciones. 95 3. La publicidad. 96 3.1. Definición y objetivos. 96 3.2. Los medios publicitarios. 97 3.3. El control de las campañas publicitarias. 101 4. La promoción de ventas. 102 4.1. Definición y objetivos. 102 4.2. Técnicas para la promoción de ventas. 104 5. Las relaciones públicas. 108 5.1. Definición y objetivos. 108 5.2. Acciones de relaciones públicas. 109 6. Otras herramientas de la política de comunicación. 110 6.1. La fuerza de ventas. 110 6.2. El merchandising. 112 6.3. Internet como instrumento de promoción y publicidad internacional. 113 7. Factores que influyen en las decisiones de política internacional de comunicación. 115 7.1. El tipo de producto. 115 7.2. La estructura de distribución en los diferentes países. 117 7.3. La fase del ciclo de vida del producto. 117 7.4. El posicionamiento internacional de la marca. 118 7.5. El nivel competitivo de los mercados internacionales. 119 7.6. Aspectos legales. 119 7.7. Diferencias culturales. 120 8. Las ferias internacionales y las misiones comerciales. 122 8.1. Importancia de las ferias. 122 8.2. Clasificación de las ferias. 122 8.3. Organización de la asistencia a ferias y misiones comerciales. 123 9. Resumen. 128 10. Autoevaluación. 129 Política de distribución en el marketing internacional 131 1. Introducción. 132 2. Canales de distribución. 133 2.1. Definición. 133 2.2. Funciones de los canales 133 2.3. Características de los diferentes canales. 134 3. Aspectos a considerar en el diseño y selección de los canales de distribución internacionales. 135 3.1. Elección del número de canales. 135 3.2. Longitud de los canales. 136 3.3. Modalidad de distribución utilizada por los canales: distribución exclusiva, selectiva e intensiva. 138 3.4. Estrategias comerciales empleadas en los canales (push/pull). 139 3.5. Variables del entorno. 140 3.6. Variables del mercado. 141 4. Determinación de la localización y tipología de los puntos de venta. 143 4.1. Objeto del análisis 143 4.2. Análisis del mercado. 144 4.3. Determinación del número de puntos de venta. 144 4.4. Selección del lugar de emplazamiento. 145 4.5. Determinación del tamaño y características de los puntos de venta. 146 5. Las relaciones internas del canal. 147 5.1. Importancia del análisis de las relaciones entre los miembros de un canal. 147 5.2. Análisis de los diferentes estilos en la forma de ejercer el poder en el canal. 148 6. Fórmulas de entrada en los mercados exteriores. 151 6.1. Fórmulas de acceso directo: agentes, distribuidores, subsidiarias comerciales y subsidiarias de producción. 151 6.2. Fórmulas de acceso indirecto: trading companies, franquicias y cesión de tecnología. 153 6.3. Fórmulas de acceso concertado: consorcio de exportación, piggy back, alianza estratégica, joint venture y licencias de fabricación. 154 7. Aspectos a considerar en la adaptación de la función de distribución en diferentes entornos internacionales. 162 7.1. Aspectos legales. 162 7.2. Aspectos socioculturales. 163 8. Internet como canal de distribución internacional. 165 8.1. Posibilidades de distribución de los mercados online. 165 8.2. Ventajas y desventajas de la distribución por Internet. 166 8.3. La tienda digital. 169 9. Resumen. 172 10. Autoevaluación. 173 Herramientas informáticas para el cálculo de valores y tendencias de mercado 175 1. Introducción. 176 2. Herramientas para el cálculo de valores estadísticos. 177 3. Herramientas para el análisis de tendencias y series de datos. 179 4. Hojas de cálculo. 183 4.1. Plantillas para el cálculo de la tasa de retorno de las inversiones en marketing y otras ratios de rentabilidad. 183 4.2. Plantillas para el cálculo de costes y márgenes comerciales. 189 5. Resumen. 191 6. Autoevaluación. 192 Bibliografía 194

Book United Nations E Government Survey 2020

Download or read book United Nations E Government Survey 2020 written by United Nations Publications and published by . This book was released on 2020-08-17 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Survey assesses global and regional e-government development through a comparative rating of national government portals relative to one another. It is designed to provide a snapshot of country trends and relative rankings of e-government development in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. It presents trends and relative rankings of e-government development across 193 Member States through a quantitative composite index, the E-Government Development Index (EGDI), with three separate components - the Online Service Index (OSI), Telecommunication Infrastructure Index (TII), and Human Capital Index (HCI). Includes addendum on COVID-19 (coronavirus) response

Book Ethical Business

Download or read book Ethical Business written by Linda Ferrell and published by Dorling Kindersley Ltd. This book was released on 2009-06-01 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical ePub guide to ethical business skills which will give you the information and skills to succeed Develop your ethical business skills by learning to assess your business, establish alternatives and plan for change. Step-by-step instructions, checklists and features examine business benefits, environment strategy and implications for human resources. Tips, dos and don'ts and 'In Focus' features on what to do in a particular situation, plus real-life case studies demonstrate how to plan your ethical strategy, monitor progress and achieve your goals. Read it cover-to-cover, or dip in and out of topics for quick reference. Handy tips in a pocket-sized format - take it wherever your work takes you.