Download or read book The Estonian Currency Board written by Adalbert Knöbl and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the history of the introduction of the Estonian kroon under a currency board arrangement. On June 20, 1992, Estonia became the first country from the former Soviet Union to abandon the Russian ruble and introduce its own currency. The paper looks at the factors behind this decision and discusses the implementation of the currency reform. It then assesses the economic impact of the reform and also compares Estonia`s experience with that of its Baltic neighbors. It concludes that although the currency board arrangement made an important contribution to the early success of Estonia`s economic stabilization and reform program the underlying financial and structural policies were crucial for that success.
Download or read book The Operation of the Estonian Currency Board written by Adam Bennett and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Monetary Sector Under a Currency Board Arrangement Specification and Estimation of a Model with Estonian Data written by Rasmus Pikkani and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estonia s Currency Board Arrangement written by Francisco Ramon-Ballester and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Long Transition written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aspects of the Sustainability of Estonian Currency Board Arrangement written by Urmas Sepp and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Currency Boards written by Adam Bennett and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1994-09 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses some of the issues that concern the operation of currency boards, by comparison to conventional exchange rate pegs, and looks at the experiences of three examples of this type of arrangement: Argentina (from 1991), Hong Kong (from 1983) and Estonia (from 1992). In all three cases, the implementation of currency boards or equivalent arrangements played a significant role in their successful stabilization programs. Currency boards derive their strength from the fact that they severely constrain the policy maker’s room for manoeuvre, by comparison to conventional pegs. They generally require an even stricter and less forgiving attitude to bank failure, wage and price rigidities and other disturbances than do exchange rate pegs in general. This is a Paper on Policy Analysis and Assessment and the author(s) would welcome any comments on the present text. Citations should refer to a Paper on Policy Analysis and Assessment of the international Monetary Fund mentioning the author(s) and the date of issuance. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the Fund.
Download or read book Monetary Reform for a Free Estonia written by Steve H. Hanke and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Operation of the Estonian Currency Board written by Adam G. G. Bennett and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Currency Board Arrangements Rationale for Their Introduction Advantages and Disadvantages written by Svetoslav Pintev and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2003-03-18 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: Currency board arrangements, under which domestic currency can be issued only to the extent that it is fully covered by the central bank s holdings of foreign exchange, were long generally dismissed as throwbacks to the colonial era. It was argued that such a rigid, rule-based arrangement was not well suited to diversified economies in many of which the authorities had developed sophisticated skills in monetary management. Instead, currency boards were seen as desirable in very small open economies (such as city-states for example). In 1960, 38 countries or territories were operating under a currency board. By 1970, they were 20 and, by the late 1980s, only 9. In the last decade the interest for Currency Board Arrangement (hereinafter CBA) renewed because of its simplicity, transparency, and rule-bound character. It became evident after the successful efforts made by two transition economies-Estonia and Lithuania-which quickly managed to achieve credibility for their newly established currencies. In 1997, a currency board arrangement was introduced in Bulgaria to end the economic crisis. Soon after, Bosnia and Herzegovina followed. In 1998 there have been discussions on establishing a currency board arrangement in Russia. More recently the newly appointed Finance Minister of Poland initiated a debate on pegging the Polish zloty to the euro through a CBA. This paper previews the history of the colonial and modern currency boards and presents the benefits of such a system for the newly emerged transition economies in Eastern Europe and Bulgaria especially. First, we will present a brief description of the currency board system. Currency Board Arrangements after falling into oblivion during much of the post-war period, staged a remarkable comeback mainly in Central and Eastern Europe countries. Estonia, Lithuania, Bulgaria and Bosnia and Herzegovina have introduced this particular monetary framework and as a result have managed to break inflationary inertia, to bolster the credibility of the monetary authorities and to instill macroeconomic discipline. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: I.Introduction 1.What is a currency board? 2.What a currency board is not? II.Origins of the Currency Board 1.Intellectual origin of the currency board system 2.Early Currency Board Systems 3.Decline of the Currency Board system. Reasons 4.Currency board system in nowadays III.Currency Board system and Countries in [...]
Download or read book Republic of Estonia Staff Report for the Article IV Consultation written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Estonia Currency Board written by Adalbert Knb̈l and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Currency Boards in the Baltic Countries written by Iikka Korhonen and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Straightforward exchange rate arrangements known as currency boards have gained popularity during the past dec-ade. Among transition economies, Estonia first introduced a currency board in 1992, followed by Lithuania in 1994 and Bulgaria in 1997. Currency boards have been useful in achieving macroeconomic stabilization, and they may have helped the Baltics become the first countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU) to achieve economic growth after the slump in production of the early 1990s. Moreover, Baltic inflation performance has been substantially better than in other FSU countries. Both in Estonia and Lithuania, the present exchange rate system has been accompanied by strong real appreciation of the currency. Both in Estonia and Lithuania the present exchange rate system has been accompanied by strong real appreciation of the currency, although it is widely accepted that the currencies were very much undervalued at the beginning of their pegs. However, if rapid real appreciation is accompanied with increases in the labor productivity, the present pegs can be maintained. Banking crises in Estonia and Lithuania have not been particularly severe, so apparently rigid currency pegs have not been accompanied by excessive financial sector instability. The tight fiscal policies pursued in both countries, especially Estonia, have been instrumental to the success of these currency board arrangements.
Download or read book The Stability of Currency Boards written by Kai Stukenbrock and published by Peter Lang Pub Incorporated. This book was released on 2004 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1990s saw a revival of the currency board system, and proponents have advocated it as an easy-to-set-up exchange rate arrangement providing effective stabilization of the economy. However, the experience of Argentina has highlighted the risks of having a currency board. This study presents both the potential benefits, as well as the risks, of having a currency board by examining the stability of the currency board arrangement and identifying factors affecting the stability. The analysis is based on second-generation currency crisis models, extended to incorporate currency-board specific features and to account for particular aspects often found in currency-board economies.
Download or read book Russian Currency and Finance written by Steve H. Hanke and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-08-18 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the new Russian state struggles with the transition to a market economy, the need for radical monetary reform becomes increasingly urgent. The choice of reform is crucial, for it will largely determine Russia's future economic performance. In order to break free of the lingering effects of Soviet central planning, the new Russian state needs a stable, convertible currency. Steve H. Hanke, Lars Jonung and Kurt Schuler propose that Russia establishes a currency board which would issue a Russian currency fully convertible with international currency, backed 100 per cent by international bonds. The international community would aid in establishing the currency board by providing the initial reserves. Early supplies of this new Russian currency would be distributed free to Russian citizens. The authors give detailed explanations of how the currency board could be established and how it would work.
Download or read book Republic of Estonia Selected Issues written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Calculating the Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate of the Estonian Kroon written by Vadim Panashcha and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-07-01 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1992, Estonia has successfully maintained a currency board arrangement and this stability in the monetary policy has played an important role in helping the Estonian economy successfully overcome the problems associated with transition period while maintaining a pattern of steady and sustainable development. The objective of this thesis is to estimate the equilibrium exchange rate of the Estonian kroon over the period from 1995 until 2006. For this, behavioral equilibrium exchange rate (BEER) approach was used and the equilibrium real exchange rate calculation was based on such fundamentals like government expenditures, net foreign assets, terms of trade, foreign interest rate and the productivity difference ratio. The results of the thesis show that the misalignment of the kroon was in the range of ± 2 %, which can be considered a rather small deviation form the equilibrium. Exceptions to this are the beginning of the period, when the REER was undervalued by 5 %, and the Russian Crisis of 1998-1999, when overvaluation peaked at 13 %. Thus, REER has, on average, moved around its equilibrium value.
