Download or read book Estimating the Weight of Crown Segments for Old Growth Douglas Fir and Western Hemlock Classic Reprint written by J. A. Kendall Snell and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-11-19 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Estimating the Weight of Crown Segments for Old-Growth Douglas-Fir and Western Hemlock Equations were developed for predicting weight of continuous live crown, total live crown, dead crown, any segment of live crown, and individual branches for old-growth Douglas-fir (pseudotsuga menziesii (mirb.) Franco) and western hem lock (tsuga heterophylla (raf.) Sarg.) trees. A branch method and a ratio method were developed for estimating the weight of crown segments. Equations were based on data from 32 Douglas-fir and 29 western hemlock trees from the Gifford Pinchot National Forest in southwestern Washington. An additional 49 Douglas-fir and 50 western hemlock were selected for validating the models. For predicting weight of a segment of crown, the branch method was less biased and more accurate than the ratio method. The branch method is recommended for felled trees because it more easily accommodates the large amount of break age ln the crown of felled old - growth trees. Keywords: Crown weights, estimates, moisture content (wood), old-growth stands, Douglas-fir, western hemlock. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate estimators to predict total crown weight and weight of any segment of crown for old-growth felled and bucked Douglas-fir and western hemlock trees. Equations were developed for pre dicting weight of continuous live crown, total live crown, dead crown, any seg ment of live crown, and individual branches. A branch method and ratio method were developed for estimating the weight of crown segments. Equations were based on data from 32 Douglas-fir and 29 western hemlock trees from the Gifford Pinchot National Forest in southwestern Washington. An additional 49 Douglas-fir and 50 western hemlock were selected for validating the models. For predicting weight of a segment of crown, the branch method was less biased and more accurate than the ratio method. The branch method is recommended for felled trees because it more easily accommodates the large amount of break age in the crown of felled old-growth trees. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book Wood Density moisture Profiles in Old growth Douglas fir and Western Hemlock written by W. Y. Pong and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Estimation of decay in old growth western hemlock and Sitka spruce in southeast Alaska written by Wilbur A. Farr and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Estimating the Weight of Douglas fir Tree Boles and Logs with an Iterative Computer Model written by Dale R. Waddell and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book WestProPlus written by Jingjing Liang and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WestProPlus is an add-in program developed to work with Microsoft Excel to simulate the growth and management of all-aged Douglas-fir and western hemlock stands in Oregon and Washington.

Download or read book Volume and Weight Characteristics of a Typical Douglas fir western Larch Stand Coram Experimental Forest Montanta written by Robert Earl Benson and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overmature Douglas fir/western larch stand on the Coram Experimental Forest in Montana averaged about 7,300 ft3/acre (511 m3/ha) of wood over 3 inches (7.62 cm) in diameter, and an additional 57 tons/acre (128/ha) of fine material, before harvest. After logging, using three different cutting methods and four different levels of utilization, wood residues ranged from 600 ft3/acre (43 m3/ha) under intensive utilization to over 3,500 ft3/acre (245 m3/ha) where only saw logs were removed. Fine residues increased under all treatments.

Download or read book Properties and Kiln drying Characteristics of Young growth Western Hemlock Dimension Lumber written by Charles J. Kozlik and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Estimating D B H diameter at Breast Height from Stump Diameters on Second growth Douglas fir written by Robert O. Curtis and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gives equations for estimating diameters at breast height of second-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) from measured stump diameters over bark and stump heights, based on measurements at 22 locations in western Oregon and Washington.

Download or read book Silvicultural Options for Young growth Douglas fir Forests written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the origin, design, establishment and measurement procedures and first results of a large long-term cooperative study comparing a number of widely different silvicultural regimes applied to young-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands managed for multiple objectives. Regimes consist of (1) conventional clearcutting followed by intermediate thinning; (2) retention of reserve trees to create a two-aged stand; (3) small patch cuts dispersed within a thinned matrix, repeated at approximately 15-year intervals to create a mosaic of age classes; (4) group selection within a thinned matrix on an approximate 15-year cycle; (5) continued thinning on an extended rotation; and (6) an untreated control. Each of these regimes is on operationsize units (about 30 to 70 acres each). Output variables to be evaluated include conventional timber growth and yield statistics, harvest costs, sale layout and administration costs, aesthetic effects and public acceptance, soil disturbance, bird populations, and economic aspects. Descriptive statistics and some initial results are presented for the first replicate, established in 1997-98.

Download or read book Estimating the Weight of Douglas fir Tree Boles and Logs with an Iterative Computer Model written by Dale R. Waddell and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book House Log Drying Rates in Southeast Alaska for Covered and Uncovered Softwood Logs written by David L. Nicholls and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Log moisture content has an important impact on many aspects of log home construction, including log processing, transportation costs, and dimensional stability in use. Air-drying times for house logs from freshly harvested trees can depend on numerous factors including initial moisture content, log diameter, bark condition, and environmental conditions during drying. In this study, we evaluated air-drying properties of young-growth Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr) and of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) from logs harvested in southeast Alaska. For each species, we considered inside storage in a warehouse vs. outside storage, as well as debarked logs vs. logs with bark remaining, resulting in four experimental treatments. We considered moisture losses after 8 and 12 months of air drying. There was considerable moisture loss for Sitka spruce logs, and much of the drying occurred during the first 8 months. Fastest drying rates for both species were for peeled logs with inside storage. Western hemlock logs showed higher moisture content and greater moisture content variation (vs. Sitka spruce), and in most cases would require additional drying beyond the 12-month study period to produce satisfactory house logs. Results of this study are significant because they can help entrepreneurs determine appropriate levels of capital investment (e.g., land, covered storage, debarking equipment), as well as whether to dry and process logs in southeast Alaska vs. some other location. This study found that a leading option for local producers would be to peel Sitka spruce logs, then air dry indoors for between 8 and 12 months. Another effective strategy would be to peel western hemlock logs, then air dry indoors for 12 months.

Download or read book Price Projections for Selected Grades of Douglas fir Coast Hem Fir Inland Hem fir and Ponderosa Pine Lumber written by Richard W. Haynes and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Estimating Merchantable Volume and Stem Residue in Four Timber Species written by James L. Faurot and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Forest Residues in Hemlock spruce Forests of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska written by Robert H. Ruth and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The forest manager must balance all the interacting and often conflicting factors influencing residue management and decide on the best course of action. He needs to determine optimum volume, size, and arrangement of residues to leave on an area after logging, then to select the harvesting methods and residue management alternatives that best provide these conditions. Cramer (1974) summarized environmental effects of forest residues management for major forest types in the Pacific Northwest, but types of treatment were not listed and only minor attention was given to hemlock-spruce forests. Residue management guidelines have been prepared for Oregon and Washington (Pierovich et al. 1975) but the hemlock-spruce type is not discussed as a separate entity. Alaska is not included in either report. This report provides a detailed look at residue management throughout the north Pacific coastal fog belt, including Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska. The approach is a general look at forest residues as part of the ecosystem, then a closer look at dead and decaying material after logging, considering fire hazard and the silvicultural, physical, chemical, and esthetic effects of this material. Residue treatments are described, evaluated, and recommended. The report is intended to provide an improved scientific framework for management decisions. The coastal environment is more moist than other parts of the Pacific Northwest. Generally, fire danger is low and the need for residue treatment to reduce fire hazard is limited to special situations. Northward into Alaska, increasing summer precipitation relegates fire danger to a subordinate management problem. Hemlock-spruce residue volumes may range up to 250 tons per acre (560 metric tons per hectare) when an old-growth timber stand is defective and has a high proportion of western red cedar, but volumes may be less than 50 tons per acre (112 metric tons per ha) with more complete utilization of sound young timber. The trend is to less residue volume as defective timber is replaced by vigorous young stands and utilization improves. Residues often dominate the post-logging environment and are a major factor influencing forest regeneration. Fresh residue intercepts natural seed fall or aerially sown seed and prevents seedling establishment; but later, as it decays and with moisture present, it becomes a suitable seed bed for hemlock and spruce. Advance regeneration, usually hemlock, grows on decaying residue material and almost invariably is intermixed with fresh logging residue. Its fate is determined by residue treatment. When residue treatments expose mineral soil, they influence species composition favoring several species. These ecological relationships between forest residues and conifer seedlings can be used by forest managers to influence density and species composition of the new timber stand. A common problem in hemlock-spruce is too many seedlings. When advance regeneration is prolific, harvesting plans and residue treatments should be designed to destroy some of the seedlings. Overstocking with post-logging regeneration can be reduced if the logging operation is planned so that fresh slash covers an appropriate portion of suitable seed beds. In special situations, individual factors carry heavy weight in residue management decisions. For soils with high erosion potential, a protective mantle of organic material should be left. At least the small residue material should be left on nutrient-deficient soils to add to the nutrient capital. Residue should be kept out of stream channels. In Oregon and Washington, broadcast burning of residues in heavy brush areas helps to control the brush and open up the area for planting. Mistletoe-infested seedlings should be classed as residue and destroyed as part of disease control programs. Special attention should be given to residue management in recreation and scenic areas. Large, continuous areas of logging slash should be avoided because of fire hazard. Smoke management plans should be followed. Treatments are needed when residue volume is too great, because the residue will interfere with seedling establishment and intensive management of the new stand.

Download or read book Properties of Western Hemlock and Their Relation to Uses of the Wood written by Robert Pilson Albert Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1929 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Grading Options for Western Hemlock pulpwood Logs from Southeastern Alaska written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Properties and grade yield are estimated for structural lumber produced from No. 3, No. 4, and low-end No. 2 grade western hemlock logs of the type previously used primarily for the production of pulp chips. Estimates are given for production in the Structural Framing, Machine Stress Rating, and Laminating Stock grading systems. The information shows that significant amounts of higher grade structural lumber can be produced from these lower grade logs.

Download or read book Juvenile Height Growth of Four Species on Four Sites in the CWHb1 Variant written by Stephen A. Y. Omule and published by Canadian Forestry Service. This book was released on 1987 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: