Download or read book Establishing Planar Cell Polarity in an Edgeless Epithelium written by Katherine Ruth Lipari and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract Establishing Planar Cell Polarity in an Edgeless Epithelium By Katherine Ruth Lipari Doctor of Philosophy in Molecular and Cell Biology University of California, Berkeley Professor David Bilder, Chair In all animals, organ function is dependent on two major processes that happen in the very beginning of embryonic development: differentiation and morphogenesis. In this study we focus on the process of morphogenesis, studying the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, a process that acts perpendicular to the apical-basal axis to orient the cell within the larger environment. From the elongation and closure of the entire central nervous system during neural tube closure, to the subtle orientation of hairs on the skin of a mammal, PCP dictates gross morphological events by first polarizing subcellular structures. Most of our knowledge about PCP derives from the Drosophila wing, where two well-characterized signaling pathways are currently known to regulate PCP: Fz/Vang PCP and Fat/Ds signaling. These two pathways have also been implicated in vertebrate PCP; despite vigorous investigation, there is a surprising paucity of data on how these pathways are shaping vertebrate organs, beyond the fact that they do. One major limitation is that PCP has been most deeply studied in organs with a fundamentally different topology than the tubules that make up the majority of animal organs. While planar polarization of proteins within the cells of the Drosophila wing align with the edge of the wing, causing elongation in the direction of polarization, vertebrate planar polarity proteins align perpendicular to later elongation and do not orient towards the edge of the tissue. Indeed, vertebrate tubular organs do not have similar edges to dictate orientation; they are 'edgeless' tissues. To study how planar polarization occurs in such structures we use the Drosophila egg chamber as a model. This tissue undergoes planar polarization perpendicular to the axis of elongation - similar to other tubule elongation - and depends upon the Fat2 cadherin for planar polarization and elongation. In this dissertation I show that planar polarization in this tissue is established early during development of the tissue - at the level of a few cells - by biased microtubule growth. This bias is then propagated by rotation of the entire tissue to create planar polarization of the overlying extracellular matrix to establish a persistent orientation as the tissue grows. I find novel genetic enhancers of the Fat2 mutant phenotype that identify genes involved in this early event and later morphogenetic events. I also study what cells within the epithelium itself are necessary for this rotation to occur. Overall, my thesis work has shown how planar polarization is established and propagated in edgeless tissues through tissue migration.
Download or read book Generation of Planar Cell Polarity PCP in Vitro for Epithelium Tissue Engineering written by Ana Cristina Paz Mejia and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineering epithelium with correct structure is essential for generating functional tissue. During tissue development, cells organize in defined patterns through cellular signalling. Artificial generation of the signalling that organizes cells within the tissue offers a novel approach for engineering tissues with appropriate structure. Planar cell polarity (PCP) is a cellular signalling pathway involved in the organization of epithelial cells. Our goal is to study the effect that co-culturing genetically distinct populations of epithelial cells, with variable levels of one of the core PCP proteins, has in epithelial cell sheet organization. MDCK cells transduced with a tagged PCP core protein (GFP-Vangl2) and wild type MDCK cells were co-cultured side-by-side. The effect of tight junction and cilia formation, and localization of the GFP-Vangl2 protein were evaluated. The results suggest that tight junction and cilia formation are not affected. On the other hand, the GFP-Vangl2 protein seems to be affected at some level.
Download or read book Establishing and Maintaining Cell Polarity written by Benjamin Lin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-12-22 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cell Polarity in Development and Disease written by Douglas W Houston and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-11-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell Polarity in Development and Disease offers insights into the basic molecular mechanisms of common diseases that arise as a result of a loss of ordered organization and intrinsic polarity. Included are diseases affecting highly polarized epithelial tissues in the lung and kidney, as well as loss and gain of cell polarity in the onset and progression of cancer. This book provides a basic resource for understanding the biology of polarity, offering a starting point for those thinking of targeting cell polarity for translational medical research. Provides basic science understanding of cell polarity disease and development Covers diseases affecting polarized epithelial tissues in the lung and kidney, also covering the progression of cancer Includes historical context of cell polarity research for potential future breakthroughs
Download or read book Analysis of Biological Networks written by Björn H. Junker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to biological networks and methods for their analysis Analysis of Biological Networks is the first book of its kind to provide readers with a comprehensive introduction to the structural analysis of biological networks at the interface of biology and computer science. The book begins with a brief overview of biological networks and graph theory/graph algorithms and goes on to explore: global network properties, network centralities, network motifs, network clustering, Petri nets, signal transduction and gene regulation networks, protein interaction networks, metabolic networks, phylogenetic networks, ecological networks, and correlation networks. Analysis of Biological Networks is a self-contained introduction to this important research topic, assumes no expert knowledge in computer science or biology, and is accessible to professionals and students alike. Each chapter concludes with a summary of main points and with exercises for readers to test their understanding of the material presented. Additionally, an FTP site with links to author-provided data for the book is available for deeper study. This book is suitable as a resource for researchers in computer science, biology, bioinformatics, advanced biochemistry, and the life sciences, and also serves as an ideal reference text for graduate-level courses in bioinformatics and biological research.
Download or read book Branching Morphogenesis written by Jamie Davies and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-20 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Branching morphogenesis, the creation of branched structures in the body, is a key feature of animal and plant development. This book brings together, for the first time, expert researchers working on a variety of branching systems to present a state-of-the-art view of the mechanisms that control branching morphogenesis. Systems considered range from single cells, to blood vessel and drainage duct systems to entire body plans, and approaches range from observation through experiment to detailed biophysical modelling. The result is an integrated overview of branching.
Download or read book The Development of Drosophila Melanogaster written by Michael Bate and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster offers the most powerful means of studying embryonic development in eukaryotes. New information from many different organ systems has accumulated rapidly in the past decade. This monograph, written by the most distinguished workers in the field, is the most authoritative and comprehensive synthesis of Drosophila developmental biology available and emphasizes the insights gained by molecular and genetic analysis. In two volumes, it is a lavishly illustrated, elegantly designed reference work illustrating principles of genetic regulation of embryogenesis that may apply to other eukaryotes.
Download or read book The Cadherin Superfamily written by Shintaro T. Suzuki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-02 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of the entire field of cadherin research and provides the current basic concept of cadherins. Cadherins have been widely accepted as key regulators of animal development and physiological functions, and it also has become clear that they play essential roles in various human diseases. With contributions by leading scientists, the book covers various aspects of the cadherin superfamily including the history of cadherin research, basic properties of classical cadherins as well as non-classical cadherins, cadherin-associated proteins, and the roles of cadherins in health and diseases. In addition, the book presents some contradictory results and important unanswered questions, and the authors propose their working hypotheses or future directions, to inspire future studies. This volume enables graduate students and young researchers to learn the basics and gain a comprehensive image of the cadherin superfamily, and experts in the field will easily find various topics of interest in relevant areas of study. Additionally, a list of cadherin-related diseases is included for quick reference to cadherins in human diseases.
Download or read book Nonlinear Time Series Analysis written by Holger Kantz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paradigm of deterministic chaos has influenced thinking in many fields of science. Chaotic systems show rich and surprising mathematical structures. In the applied sciences, deterministic chaos provides a striking explanation for irregular behaviour and anomalies in systems which do not seem to be inherently stochastic. The most direct link between chaos theory and the real world is the analysis of time series from real systems in terms of nonlinear dynamics. Experimental technique and data analysis have seen such dramatic progress that, by now, most fundamental properties of nonlinear dynamical systems have been observed in the laboratory. Great efforts are being made to exploit ideas from chaos theory wherever the data displays more structure than can be captured by traditional methods. Problems of this kind are typical in biology and physiology but also in geophysics, economics, and many other sciences.
Download or read book Biomechanics in Oncology written by Cheng Dong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-27 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers multi-scale biomechanics for oncology, ranging from cells and tissues to whole organ. Topics covered include, but not limited to, biomaterials in mechano-oncology, non-invasive imaging techniques, mechanical models of cell migration, cancer cell mechanics, and platelet-based drug delivery for cancer applications. This is an ideal book for graduate students, biomedical engineers, and researchers in the field of mechanobiology and oncology. This book also: Describes how mechanical properties of cancer cells, the extracellular matrix, tumor microenvironment and immuno-editing, and fluid flow dynamics contribute to tumor progression and the metastatic process Provides the latest research on non-invasive imaging, including traction force microscopy and brillouin confocal microscopy Includes insight into NCIs’ role in supporting biomechanics in oncology research Details how biomaterials in mechano-oncology can be used as a means to tune materials to study cancer
Download or read book Biology of Drosophila written by Milislav Demerec and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology of Drosophila was first published by John Wiley and Sons in 1950. Until its appearance, no central, synthesized source of biological data on Drosophila melanogaster was available, despite the fly's importance to science for three decades. Ten years in the making, it was an immediate success and remained in print for two decades. However, original copies are now very hard to find. This facsimile edition makes available to the fly community once again its most enduring work of reference.
Download or read book The Book of Nature written by and published by . This book was released on 1820 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A father tells his child about the wonder of the natural world from a Christian point of view.
Download or read book Biology of Insect Eggs written by H. E. Hinton and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1983-05 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Biology of the Chrysopidae written by Roger C. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanomaterials written by Sivashankar Krishnamoorthy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials are being incorporated into products all around us, having an incredible impact on durability, strength, functionality, and other material properties. There are a vast number of nanomaterials presently available, and new formulations and chemistries are being announced daily. Nanomaterials: A Guide to Fabrication and Applications provides product developers, researchers, and materials scientists with a handy resource for understanding the range of options and materials currently available. Covering a variety of nanomaterials and their applications, this practical reference: Discusses the scale of nanomaterials and nanomachines, focusing on integrated circuits (ICs) and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) Offers insight into different nanomaterials’ interactions with chemical reactions, biological processes, and the environment Examines the mechanical properties of nanomaterials and potential treatments to enhance the nanomaterials’ performance Details recent accomplishments in the use of nanomaterials to create new forms of electronic devices Explores the optical properties of certain nanomaterials and the nanomaterials’ use in optimizing lasers and optical absorbers Describes an energy storage application as well as how nanomaterials from waste products may be used to improve capacitors Featuring contributions from experts around the globe, Nanomaterials: A Guide to Fabrication and Applications serves as a springboard for the discovery of new applications of nanomaterials.
Download or read book Drosophila written by Christian Dahmann and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-10-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition volume expands on the previous edition by presenting updated protocols for several of the techniques described in the first edition of Drosophila: Methods and Protocols and current methods that cover recent breakthroughs in Drosophila research. The book begins with a description of FlyBase--a database of genes and genomes--followed by the presentation of systems for versatile gene expression in the fly. The first few chapters in this book detail gene knockdown and editing, including CRISPR-Cas9 and protein knockdown. The next few chapters are devoted to methods describing live imaging of different tissues and organs, followed by chapters on how to quantify image data and how to probe tissue mechanics by laser ablation. The next two chapters provide methods for analyzing transcription followed by protocols to study growth, metabolism, ageing, and behavior in Drosophila. This volume concludes with chapters on electrophysiological recordings and methods to establish cell lines. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Drosophila: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is a valuable source of hands-on protocols and reviews for molecular, cell, and developmental biologists using Drosophila as model systems in their work.
Download or read book Ovarian Development in Drosophila Melanogaster written by Robert C. King and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
